{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:39:47Z","timestamp":1789079987410,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:51:35Z","timestamp":1760457095000},"page":"1017-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modern Management of Isolated Polymyalgia Rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Harkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7788-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Cowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9809-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eoghan","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Molloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-3362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10411","key":"797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01310-7","volume":"402","author":"G Esp\u00edgol-Frigol\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Esp\u00edgol-Frigol\u00e9 G, Dejaco C, Mackie SL, Salvarani C, Matteson EL, Cid MC. Polymyalgia rheumatica. Lancet. 2023;402(10411):1459\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"797_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2025-0314.42","volume":"52","author":"P Harkins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harkins P, Sattui SE. Understanding fatigue and sleep disturbance in polymyalgia rheumatica: redefining the patient experience and opportunities for intervention. J Rheumatol. 2025;52:633\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4455","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac050","volume":"61","author":"SE Sattui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sattui SE, Jannat-Khah D, Lally L, Lieber SB, Mandl LA, Spiera RF. Prevalence of frailty in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and association with health-related quality of life, cognition and sarcopenia. Rheumatology. 2022;61(11):4455\u201364.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"797_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002219","volume":"31","author":"JL Leung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leung JL, Deeble N, Yang V, Liew DF, Buchanan RR, Owen CE. Higher rates of depression in polymyalgia rheumatica are strongly associated with poor physical function. J Clin Rheumatol. 2025;31:170\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.20517\/2574-1209.2023.137","volume":"8","author":"P Harkins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harkins P, McCann L, Harrington R, Cowley S, Kane D, Conway R. Polymyalgia rheumatica-an up-to-date review on diagnosis and management. Vessel Plus. 2024;8:14.","journal-title":"Vessel Plus"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05819-z","volume":"41","author":"A Floris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Floris A, Piga M, Chessa E, et al. Long-term glucocorticoid treatment and high relapse rate remain unresolved issues in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(1):19\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"797_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae531","volume":"64","author":"S Cowley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cowley S, Harkins P, Kirby C, Conway R, Kane D. Real-world outcomes of a dedicated fast-track polymyalgia rheumatica clinic. Rheumatology. 2025;64(5):3006\u201311.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkae002","volume":"8","author":"T Toyoda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Toyoda T, Armitstead Z, Bhide S, et al. Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2024;8(1):rkae002.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"14","key":"797_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303452","volume":"389","author":"RF Spiera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spiera RF, Unizony S, Warrington KJ, et al. Sarilumab for relapse of polymyalgia rheumatica during glucocorticoid taper. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(14):1263\u201372.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"797_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2024.2366847","volume":"33","author":"L Iorio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iorio L, Padoan R, Bond M, Dejaco C. Investigational agents for polymyalgia rheumatica treatment: assessing the critical needs for future development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2024;33(7):671\u20136.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"797_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac713","volume":"62","author":"AO Donskov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Donskov AO, Mackie SL, Hauge EM, et al. An international survey of current management practices for polymyalgia rheumatica by general practitioners and rheumatologists. Rheumatology. 2023;62(8):2797\u2013805.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"797_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00095-5","author":"DF Liew","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liew DF, Owen CE. Polymyalgia rheumatica: killing them softly. Lancet Rheumatol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00095-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"797_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac713","volume":"62","author":"AO Donskov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Donskov AO, Mackie SL, Hauge EM, et al. An international survey of current management practices for polymyalgia rheumatica by general practitioners and rheumatologists. Rheumatology. 2023;62(8):keac713.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"797_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i59","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae473","volume":"64","author":"CE Owen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Owen CE, Nakos O. Imaging findings in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology. 2025;64(Supplement_1):i59\u201363.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.11.1021","volume":"60","author":"R Caporali","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caporali R, Montecucco C, Epis O, Bobbio-Pallavicini F, Maio T, Cimmino M. Presenting features of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and rheumatoid arthritis with PMR-like onset: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(11):1021\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR16","first-page":"506","volume":"56","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Duftner C, Buttgereit F, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B. The spectrum of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: revisiting the concept of the disease. Rheumatology. 2017;56(4):506\u201315.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"797_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02450-w","volume":"23","author":"KJ Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li KJ, Semenov D, Turk M, Pope J. A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"797_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.142","volume":"13","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Brouwer E, Mason JC, Buttgereit F, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: current challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(10):578\u201392.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2025.102060","author":"BD Nielsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nielsen BD, Seitz L, Schmidt WA. Update in imaging for large vessel vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2025.102060.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep303a","volume":"49","author":"B Dasgupta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N,  et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology. 2010;49(1):186\u201390.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225134","volume":"83","author":"KK Keller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Keller KK, Mukhtyar CB, Nielsen AW, et al. Recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica: an initiative from the international giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica study group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(11):1436\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200315","volume":"71","author":"M G\u00e4rtner","year":"2012","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner M, Fabrizii JP, Koban E, et al. Immediate access rheumatology clinic: efficiency and outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(3):363\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev289","volume":"55","author":"AP Diamantopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos AP, Haugeberg G, Lindland A, Myklebust G. The fast-track ultrasound clinic for early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis significantly reduces permanent visual impairment: towards a more effective strategy to improve clinical outcome in giant cell arteritis? Rheumatology. 2016;55(1):66\u201370.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"797_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.589794","volume":"7","author":"S Monti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monti S, Bartoletti A, Bellis E, Delvino P, Montecucco C. Fast-track ultrasound clinic for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis changes the prognosis of the disease but not the risk of future relapse. Front Med Lausanne. 2020;7:589794.","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 89","key":"797_CR25","first-page":"103","volume":"33","author":"P Patil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patil P, Williams M, Maw W, et al. Fast track pathway reduces sight loss in giant cell arteritis: results of a longitudinal observational cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015;33(2 Suppl 89):103\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"797_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105185","volume":"88","author":"LL Fr\u00f8lund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fr\u00f8lund LL, V\u00e5ben C, Dam M, et al. Fast track clinic for early diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: impact on symptom duration and prednisolone initiation. Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(5):105185.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"797_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00210-6","volume":"5","author":"S Chrysidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chrysidis S, Lage-Hansen PR, Svendsen N, Diamantopoulos AP. The fast-track outpatient clinic significantly decreases hospitalisation rates among polymyalgia rheumatica patients. BMC Rheumatol. 2021;5:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223429","volume":"83","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Kerschbaumer A, Aletaha D, et al. Treat-to-target recommendations in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(1):48\u201357.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"797_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207492","volume":"74","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Singh YP, Perel P, et al. 2015 Recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(10):1799\u2013807.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101735","volume":"36","author":"C Duarte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duarte C, Ferreira RJ, Santos EJ, da Silva JA. Treating-to-target in rheumatology: theory and practice. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2022;36(1):101735.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR31","first-page":"2044","volume-title":"Treat-to-target in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: an impending, multifaceted challenge","author":"DF Liew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liew DF, Owen CE. Treat-to-target in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: an impending, multifaceted challenge. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2024. p. 2044\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead471","volume":"63","author":"E Hysa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hysa E, Bond M, Ehlers L, et al. Evidence on treat to target strategies in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology. 2024;63(2):285\u201397.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae428","volume":"64","author":"TE Bolhuis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bolhuis TE, Bosch P, Falzon L, et al. Definitions of and instruments for disease activity, remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology. 2025;64(2):455\u201369.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200248","volume":"48","author":"H Twohig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Twohig H, Owen C, Muller S, et al. Outcomes measured in polymyalgia rheumatica and measurement properties of instruments considered for the OMERACT core outcome set: a systematic review. J Rheumatol. 2021;48(6):883\u201393.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I, et al. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective follow-up study. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2000.","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.8366"},{"issue":"10","key":"797_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011379","volume":"63","author":"B Leeb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leeb B, Bird H. A disease activity score for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(10):1279\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.211292","volume":"49","author":"TE Bolhuis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bolhuis TE, Nizet LE, Owen C, den Broeder AA, van den Ende CH, van der Maas A. Measurement properties of the polymyalgia rheumatica activity score: a systematic literature review. J Rheumatol. 2022;49(6):627\u201334.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030514","volume":"13","author":"LS Brinth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brinth LS, Hansen A, Jensen DV, Madsen OR, Broholm R, Krakauer M. Diagnostic value of composite and simplified FDG-PET\/CT scores in polymyalgia rheumatica and the influence of recent glucocorticoid treatment\u2014a retrospective diagnostic cohort study. Diagnostics. 2023;13(3):514.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"797_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1499-2","volume":"20","author":"A Huwart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huwart A, Garrigues F, Jousse-Joulin S, et al. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica treated by tocilizumab. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"797_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.12.013","volume":"98","author":"H Twohig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Twohig H, Mitchell C, Mallen C, Adebajo A, Mathers N. \u201cI suddenly felt I\u2019d aged\u201d: a qualitative study of patient experiences of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98(5):645\u201350.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"797_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3416-9","volume":"36","author":"A Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang A, Castrejon I. Patient-reported outcomes in trials of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:897\u2013904.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"797_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150515","volume":"42","author":"C Duarte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duarte C, de Oliveira Ferreira RJ, Mackie SL, Kirwan JR, da Silva JAP. Outcome measures in polymyalgia rheumatica. A systematic review. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(12):2503\u201311.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac317","volume":"62","author":"H Twohig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Twohig H, Mitchell C, Mallen CD, Muller S. Development and psychometric evaluation of the PMR-Impact Scale: a new patient reported outcome measure for polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology. 2023;62(2):758\u201365.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf046","volume":"9","author":"L Moreel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moreel L, Doumen M, Betrains A, De Langhe E, Blockmans D, Vanderschueren S. External validation of the polymyalgia rheumatica impact scale: a prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2025;9(2):rkaf046.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224946","volume":"83","author":"S Bridgewater","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bridgewater S, Ndosi M, Dawson J, et al. Validation of a new glucocorticoid-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaire (the Steroid PRO). Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(3):394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002219","volume":"31","author":"JL Leung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leung JL, Deeble N, Yang V, Liew DF, Buchanan RR, Owen CE. Higher rates of depression in polymyalgia rheumatica are strongly associated with poor physical function. J Clin Rheumatol. 2025;31(4):170\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2024-0980","author":"JL Leung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leung JL, De Ross B, Gianoudis J, et al. More than pain and stiffness: persistent fatigue and sleep disturbance in polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.2024-0980.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00041-4","author":"V Strand","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strand V, Msihid J, Sloane J, et al. Sarilumab in relapsing polymyalgia rheumatica: patient-reported outcomes from a phase\u00a03, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00041-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-05036-6","volume":"42","author":"J Weddell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weddell J, Hider SL, Mallen CD, Muller S. What non-pharmacological treatments do people with polymyalgia rheumatica try: results from the PMR cohort study. Rheumatol Int. 2022;42(2):285\u201390.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.211244","volume":"50","author":"A Kumthekar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumthekar A, Pedro S, Michaud K,  et al. Physical activity habits among older adults living with rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol. 2023;50(6):835\u201341.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42978-024-00303-x","author":"A Mundell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mundell A, Amarnani R, Ainsworth K, et al. The effects of exercise and physical activity in inflammatory rheumatic diseases\u2014a narrative review. J Sci Sport Exerc. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42978-024-00303-x.","journal-title":"J Sci Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00531-w","volume":"9","author":"M Channaoui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Channaoui M, Kwon M, Jo E, Lemez S. Examining how resistance training affects bone strength in older adults with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review. BMC Rheumatol. 2025;9(1):78.","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00768-6","volume":"18","author":"M van Onna","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Onna M, Boonen A. Challenges in the management of older patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18(6):326\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"797_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11503","volume":"4","author":"J Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee J, Singh N, Gray SL, Makris UE. Optimizing medication use in older adults with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases: deprescribing as an approach when less may be more. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2022;4(12):1031\u201341.","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25045","volume":"75","author":"AR Bass","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bass AR, Chakravarty E, Akl EA, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology guideline for vaccinations in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Arthritis Care Res. 2023;75(3):449\u201364.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR56","first-page":"1","volume":"35","author":"M Yates","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yates M, Watts RA, Swords F, MacGregor AJ. Glucocorticoid withdrawal in polymyalgia rheumatica: the theory versus the practice. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35(1):1\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"797_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213883","volume":"77","author":"RJ Partington","year":"2018","unstructured":"Partington RJ, Muller S, Helliwell T, Mallen CD, Sultan AA. Incidence, prevalence and treatment burden of polymyalgia rheumatica in the UK over two decades: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(12):1750\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25216","volume":"76","author":"SE Sattui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sattui SE, Xie F, Wan Z, Clinton C, Domsic RT, Curtis JR. Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica by rheumatology providers: analysis from the American College of Rheumatology RISE Registry. Arthritis Care Res. 2024;76(2):259\u201364.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110851","volume":"39","author":"M Mazzantini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazzantini M, Torre C, Miccoli M, et al. Adverse events during longterm low-dose glucocorticoid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(3):552\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105680","volume":"91","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Tanaka S, Fukasawa T,  et al. Glucocorticoid treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a cohort study using routinely collected health data. Joint Bone Spine. 2024;91(3):105680.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"797_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21984","volume":"55","author":"JR Curtis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison J, et al. Population-based assessment of adverse events associated with long-term glucocorticoid use. Arthritis Care Res. 2006;55(3):420\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"797_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone JH, McDowell PJ, Jayne DR, et al. The glucocorticoid toxicity index: measuring change in glucocorticoid toxicity over time. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152010"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124958","volume":"69","author":"M Van der Goes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van der Goes M, Jacobs J, Boers M, et al. Monitoring adverse events of low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: EULAR recommendations for clinical trials and daily practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(11):1913\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"797_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00001","volume":"119","author":"RF Laan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laan RF, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, van Erning LJTO, van\u2019t Hof MA, Lemmens JAM. Low-dose prednisone induces rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(10):963\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"797_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01120-w","volume":"20","author":"F Buttgereit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buttgereit F, Palmowski A, Bond M, Adami G, Dejaco C. Osteoporosis and fracture risk are multifactorial in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024;20(7):417\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"797_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23279","volume":"69","author":"L Buckley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69(8):1095\u2013110.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"797_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220577","volume":"80","author":"AJ Ocon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ocon AJ, Reed G, Pappas DA, Curtis JR, Kremer JM. Short-term dose and duration-dependent glucocorticoid risk for cardiovascular events in glucocorticoid-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(12):1522\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"797_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207578","volume":"74","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Singh YP, Perel P, et al. Current evidence for therapeutic interventions and prognostic factors in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review informing the 2015 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(10):1808\u201317.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR69","first-page":"624","volume":"23","author":"G Ferraccioli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferraccioli G, Salaffi F, De Vita S, Casatta L, Bartoli E. Methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica: preliminary results of an open, randomized study. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(4):624\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"797_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00005","volume":"141","author":"R Caporali","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caporali R, Cimmino MA, Ferraccioli G,  et al. Prednisone plus methotrexate for polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(7):493\u2013500.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.4.218","volume":"55","author":"M Van der Veen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van der Veen M, Dinant H, van Booma-Frankfort C, van Albada-Kuipers G, Bijlsma J. Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55(4):218\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06263-3","volume":"23","author":"DE Marsman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marsman DE, Bolhuis TE, den Broeder N, den Broeder AA, van der Maas A. Polymyalgia rheumatica treatment with methotrexate in optimal dose in an early disease phase (PMR MODE): study protocol for a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):318.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105730","volume":"91","author":"D Wendling","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wendling D, Al Tabaa O, Chevet B, et al. Recommendations of the French Society of Rheumatology for the management in current practice of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Joint Bone Spine. 2024;91(4):105730.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"797_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2012.02981.x","volume":"66","author":"T Adizie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adizie T, Christidis D, Dharmapaliah C, Borg F, Dasgupta B. Efficacy and tolerability of leflunomide in difficult-to-treat polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a case series. Int J Clin Pract. 2012;66(9):906\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"797_CR75","volume":"2013","author":"AP Diamantopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos AP, Hetland H, Myklebust G. Leflunomide as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a case series. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013(1):120638.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkae033","volume":"8","author":"JP Vinicki","year":"2024","unstructured":"VVinicki JP, Cusa A, Domingo D, et al. Effectiveness of methotrexate and leflunomide as corticoid-sparing drugs in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2024;8(2):rkae033.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.2.136","volume":"45","author":"M De Silva","year":"1986","unstructured":"De Silva M, Hazleman B. Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis\/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(2):136\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"797_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4086-1","volume":"38","author":"D Camellino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camellino D, Soldano S, Cutolo M, Cimmino MA. Dissecting the inflammatory response in polymyalgia rheumatica: the relative role of IL-6 and its inhibition. Rheumatol Int. 2018;38(9):1699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15459","volume":"328","author":"V Devauchelle-Pensec","year":"2022","unstructured":"Devauchelle-Pensec V, Carvajal-Alegria G, Dernis E, et al. Effect of tocilizumab on disease activity in patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica receiving glucocorticoid therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(11):1053\u201362.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221126","volume":"81","author":"M Bonelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonelli M, Radner H, Kerschbaumer A, et al. Tocilizumab in patients with new onset polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR-spare): a phase\u00a02\/3 randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(6):838\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR81","first-page":"760","volume":"30","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Cantini F, Niccoli L, et al. Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with infliximab: a pilot study. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(4):760\u20133.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"797_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23095","volume":"57","author":"MG Catanoso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Catanoso MG, Macchioni P, Boiardi L, Pipitone N, Salvarani C. Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with etanercept: an open pilot study. Arthritis Care Res. 2007;57(8):1514\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"797_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00005","volume":"146","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Manzini C, et al. Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(9):631\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"797_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3140","volume":"12","author":"F Kreiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kreiner F, Galbo H. Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"797_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102684","volume":"123","author":"JC Graver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graver JC, Abdulahad W, van der Geest KS, et al. Association of the CXCL9-CXCR3 and CXCL13-CXCR5 axes with B-cell trafficking in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. J Autoimmun. 2021;123:102684.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7","key":"797_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38625","volume":"66","author":"KS van der Geest","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Geest KS, Abdulahad WH, Chalan P, et al. Disturbed B\u00a0cell homeostasis in newly diagnosed giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(7):1927\u201338.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"797_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e758","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00245-9","volume":"3","author":"DE Marsman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsman DE, den Broeder N, van den Hoogen FH, den Broeder AA, van der Maas A. Efficacy of rituximab in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(11):e758\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00032-2","volume":"5","author":"TE Bolhuis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolhuis TE, Marsman DE, den Broeder AA, den Broeder N, van der Maas A. 1-year results of treatment with rituximab in polymyalgia rheumatica: an extension study of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(4):e208\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"797_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e728","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00246-1","volume":"5","author":"A Saraux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saraux A, Le Henaff C, Dernis E, Carvajal-Alegria G, Tison A, Quere B, et al. Abatacept in early polymyalgia rheumatica (ALORS): a proof-of-concept, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(12):e728\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"797_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00270-4","volume":"7","author":"A Saraux","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saraux A, Alegria GC, Dernis E, et al. Baricitinib in early polymyalgia rheumatica (BACHELOR): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2025;7(4):e233\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004249","volume":"20","author":"X Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma X, Yang F, Wu J, et al. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (EAST PMR): an open-label randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2023;20(6):e1004249.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"797_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223562","volume":"82","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li J, Yin H,  et al. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a phase\u00a02 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(5):722\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"797_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-01062-9","volume":"20","author":"Z Szekanecz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szekanecz Z, Buch MH, Charles-Schoeman C, et al. Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: update for the practising clinician. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024;20(2):101\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.943574","volume":"13","author":"RD Reitsema","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reitsema RD, Jiemy WF, Wekema L, et al. Contribution of pathogenic T helper 1 and 17 cells to bursitis and tenosynovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Front Immunol. 2022;13:943574.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"797_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00101-7","volume":"5","author":"N Venhoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Venhoff N, Schmidt WA, Bergner R, et al. Safety and efficacy of secukinumab in patients with giant cell arteritis (TitAIN): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase\u00a02 trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(6):e341\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"797_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43129","volume":"77","author":"RF Spiera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Spiera RF, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Owen CE, et al. Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of ABBV-154 in adults with glucocorticoid-dependent polymyalgia rheumatica: a phase\u00a02, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2025;77:1041\u201351.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"797_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12544","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01174","volume":"66","author":"AD Hobson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hobson AD, Xu J, Welch DS, et al. Discovery of ABBV-154, an anti-TNF glucocorticoid receptor modulator immunology antibody-drug conjugate (iADC). J Med Chem. 2023;66(17):12544\u201358.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:06:17Z","timestamp":1763737577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-025-00797-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-6576","2198-6584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-6576","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Patricia Harkins reports grant\/ research support from Johnson and Johnson and Novartis independent of this article. Sharon Cowley reports grant\/ research support from Novartis, independent of this article. Richard Conway reports being a member of speaker\u2019s bureau for Janssen, Roche, Sanofi, AbbVie, Alfasigma, Fresenius Kabi, Viatris, Vifor; undertaking clinical trials funded by AbbVie, Novartis; receiving grant\/research support from Janssen, Novartis, Celltrion, Nordic Pharma independent of this article. David Kane reports grant support from Novartis, speaker Honoraria from Janssen and conference attendance support from AbbVie and Janssen, all independent of this article. Eoghan Burke, Robert Harrington and Danielle Molloy declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}