{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:41:07Z","timestamp":1792215667002,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Ther"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:02:12Z","timestamp":1792173732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the Sociodemographic Index on Efficacy\/Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 2\/3\/3b\/4 Studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00147498","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00413660","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00960440","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00550446","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00603512","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00687193","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00847613","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00814307","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00856544","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00853385","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01164579","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01039688","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00976599","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01359150","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02187055","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Mysler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shelbaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Sweet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim R.","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10055","key":"881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","volume":"388","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"881_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e594","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00211-4","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Rheumatoid Arthritis Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Rheumatoid Arthritis Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990\u20132020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(10):e594\u2013610.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"881_CR3","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Rethinking development and health: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study Seattle, WA: IHME; 2016. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/images\/news_release\/2016\/IHME_GBD2015.pdf. Accessed 21 Mar 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.549805","volume":"27","author":"I Goetz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goetz I, Carter GC, Lucero M, et al. Review of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of heterogeneity. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(4):697\u2013711.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.4.447","volume":"40","author":"JC Chehata","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chehata JC, Hassell AB, Clarke SA, et al. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to single and composite measures of disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40(4):447\u201352.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"881_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<22::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"43","author":"JJ Anderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson JJ, Wells G, Verhoeven AC, Felson DT. Factors predicting response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: the importance of disease duration. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(1):22\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"881_CR7","first-page":"1674","volume":"34","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Michaud K. Assessment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis: minimal clinically significant difference, predictors, and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(8):1674\u201383.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"881_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223231178273","volume":"14","author":"M Mortezavi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mortezavi M, Mysler EF. Clinical scenarios-based guide for tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2023;14:20406223231178273.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"881_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20494","volume":"63","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Suzuki M, Nakamura H, Toyoizumi S, Zwillich SH, Tofacitinib Study Investigators. Phase II study of tofacitinib (CP-690,550) combined with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(8):1150\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"5","key":"881_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-024-00677-y","volume":"11","author":"GC Wright","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wright GC, Mysler E, Kwok K, et al. Impact of race on the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: post hoc analysis of pooled clinical trials. Rheumatol Ther. 2024;11(5):1135\u201364.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"881_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109071","volume":"367","author":"R Fleischmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fleischmann R, Kremer J, Cush J, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of tofacitinib monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(6):495\u2013507.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"881_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112072","volume":"367","author":"RF van Vollenhoven","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Vollenhoven RF, Fleischmann R, Cohen S, et al. Tofacitinib or adalimumab versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(6):508\u201319.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-00006","volume":"159","author":"J Kremer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kremer J, Li Z-G, Hall S, et al. Tofacitinib in combination with nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(4):253\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"881_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24567","volume":"60","author":"JM Kremer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kremer JM, Bloom BJ, Breedveld FC, et al. The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(7):1895\u2013905.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33419","volume":"64","author":"JM Kremer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kremer JM, Cohen S, Wilkinson BE, et al. A phase IIb dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) versus placebo in combination with background methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate alone. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(4):970\u201381.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9865","key":"881_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61424-X","volume":"381","author":"GR Burmester","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burmester GR, Blanco R, Charles-Schoeman C, et al. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in combination with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9865):451\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"881_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33383","volume":"64","author":"R Fleischmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fleischmann R, Cutolo M, Genovese MC, et al. Phase IIb dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) or adalimumab monotherapy versus placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(3):617\u201329.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.995875","volume":"25","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nakamura H, Toyoizumi S, Zwillich S. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib as monotherapy in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-week, randomized, phase 2 study. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25(4):514\u201321.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"881_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37816","volume":"65","author":"D van der Heijde","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Heijde D, Tanaka Y, Fleischmann R, et al. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate: twelve-month data from a twenty-four-month phase III randomized radiographic study. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(3):559\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"881_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208267","volume":"75","author":"PG Conaghan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conaghan PG, \u00d8stergaard M, Bowes MA, et al. Comparing the effects of tofacitinib, methotrexate and the combination, on bone marrow oedema, synovitis and bone erosion in methotrexate-naive, early active rheumatoid arthritis: results of an exploratory randomised MRI study incorporating semiquantitative and quantitative techniques. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):1024\u201333.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"881_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310476","volume":"370","author":"EB Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee EB, Fleischmann R, Hall S, et al. Tofacitinib versus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(25):2377\u201386.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"881_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206028","volume":"74","author":"DL Boyle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boyle DL, Soma K, Hodge J, et al. The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib suppresses synovial JAK1-STAT signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1311\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207191","volume":"75","author":"KL Winthrop","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winthrop KL, Silverfield J, Racewicz A, et al. The effect of tofacitinib on pneumococcal and influenza vaccine responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):687\u201395.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10093","key":"881_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31618-5","volume":"390","author":"R Fleischmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fleischmann R, Mysler E, Hall S, et al. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib with methotrexate, and adalimumab with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ORAL Strategy): a phase 3b\/4, double-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10093):457\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"881_CR25","unstructured":"John Snow Labs. Socio-demographic index values. 2026. https:\/\/www.johnsnowlabs.com\/marketplace\/socio-demographic-index-values\/. Accessed 10 Jul 2026."},{"issue":"11","key":"881_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","volume":"78","author":"S Safiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, et al. Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(11):1463\u201371.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"881_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380602","volume":"38","author":"DT Felson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Boers M, American College of Rheumatology, et al. Preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(6):727\u201335.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"881_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1564::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"41","author":"DT Felson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Lange ML, Wells G, LaValley MP. Should improvement in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials be defined as fifty percent or seventy percent improvement in core set measures, rather than twenty percent? Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(9):1564\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"881_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24042","volume":"71","author":"BR England","year":"2019","unstructured":"England BR, Tiong BK, Bergman MJ, et al. 2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology recommended rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(12):1540\u201355.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"881_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-20","volume":"1","author":"B Bruce","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruce B, Fries JF. The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire: dimensions and practical applications. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:20.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"881_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-79","volume":"1","author":"K Webster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Webster K, Cella D, Yost K. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) measurement system: properties, applications, and interpretation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:79.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"881_CR32","first-page":"S240","volume":"63","author":"GA Hawker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(Suppl 11):S240\u201352.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"5","key":"881_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2841-6","volume":"34","author":"M Al Maini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al Maini M, Adelowo F, Al Saleh J, et al. The global challenges and opportunities in the practice of rheumatology: white paper by the World Forum on Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(5):819\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"881_CR34","first-page":"2594","volume":"68","author":"X Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu X, Dong B, Hsu CH, et al. Physician\/site staff assessments contribute to high placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:2594.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"881_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190008","volume":"47","author":"K Bechman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bechman K, Yates M, Norton S, Cope AP, Galloway JB. Placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. J Rheumatol. 2020;47(1):28\u201334.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"881_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100497","volume":"37","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Michaud K. The Hawthorne effect, sponsored trials, and the overestimation of treatment effectiveness. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(11):2216\u201320.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"881_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21680","volume":"64","author":"L Massardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Massardo L, Pons-Estel BA, Wojdyla D, et al. Early rheumatoid arthritis in Latin America: low socioeconomic status related to high disease activity at baseline. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(8):1135\u201343.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"881_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131382","volume":"42","author":"G Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang G, Bykerk VP, Boire G, et al. Does socioeconomic status affect outcomes in early inflammatory arthritis? Data from a Canadian multisite suspected rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(1):46\u201354.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"881_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14185","volume":"24","author":"A Chopra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chopra A, Lin H-Y, Navarra SV, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis management in the APLAR region: perspectives from an expert panel of rheumatologists, patients and community oriented program for control of rheumatic diseases. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021;24(9):1106\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"881_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2012.09.001","volume":"9","author":"R Burgos-Vargas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgos-Vargas R, Catoggio LJ, Galarza-Maldonado C, Ostojich K, Cardiel MH. Current therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: a Latin American perspective. Reumatol Clin. 2013;9(2):106\u201312.","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11532","volume":"5","author":"S Dowell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dowell S, Yun H, Curtis JR, et al. Geographic variation in disease burden and mismatch in care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2023;5(4):181\u20139.","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2016.04.010","volume":"13","author":"SC Radominski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Radominski SC, Cardiel MH, Citera G, et al. Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of Latin American patients with rheumatoid arthritis: pooled efficacy and safety analyses of Phase 3 and long-term extension studies. Reumatol Clin. 2017;13(4):201\u20139.","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109927","volume":"386","author":"SR Ytterberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ytterberg SR, Bhatt DL, Mikuls TR, et al. Cardiovascular and cancer risk with tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(4):316\u201326.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"881_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223715","volume":"82","author":"LE Kristensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kristensen LE, Danese S, Yndestad A, et al. Identification of two tofacitinib subpopulations with different relative risk versus TNF inhibitors: an analysis of the open label, randomised controlled study ORAL Surveillance. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(7):901\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"881_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222259","volume":"82","author":"C Charles-Schoeman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charles-Schoeman C, Buch MH, Dougados M, et al. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events with tofacitinib versus tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with or without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a post hoc analysis from ORAL Surveillance. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(1):119\u201329.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"881_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38745","volume":"66","author":"KL Winthrop","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winthrop KL, Yamanaka H, Valdez H, et al. Herpes zoster and tofacitinib therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(10):2675\u201384.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"881_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.128637","volume":"70","author":"K Au","year":"2011","unstructured":"Au K, Reed G, Curtis JR, et al. High disease activity is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(5):785\u201391.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"881_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218419","volume":"80","author":"V Molander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molander V, Bower H, Frisell T, Askling J. Risk of venous thromboembolism in rheumatoid arthritis, and its association with disease activity: a nationwide cohort study from Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(2):169\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"881_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X231201047","volume":"15","author":"GA Karpouzas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karpouzas GA, Szekanecz Z, Baecklund E, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and adverse events in patients receiving tofacitinib or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a post hoc analysis of ORAL Surveillance. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2023;15:1759720X231201047.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"881_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11200","volume":"49","author":"CE Jacobi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacobi CE, Mol GD, Boshuizen HC, Rupp I, Dinant HJ, Van Den Bos GAM. Impact of socioeconomic status on the course of rheumatoid arthritis and on related use of health care services. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49(4):567\u201373.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"881_CR51","first-page":"2317","volume":"32","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Lenert L, Weisman S, Kavanaugh A. Factors affecting rheumatoid arthritis patients\u2019 decisions to participate in clinical trials. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(12):2317\u201325.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"16","key":"881_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165788","volume":"17","author":"DS Go","year":"2020","unstructured":"Go DS, Kim YE, Yoon SJ. Subnational burden of disease according to the Sociodemographic Index in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5788.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"881_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020331","volume":"6","author":"AR Hosseinpoor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hosseinpoor AR, Parker LA, Tursan d\u2019Espaignet E, Chatterji S. Social determinants of smoking in low- and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(5):e20331.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:01:43Z","timestamp":1792213303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-026-00881-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-6576","2198-6584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-6576","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Grace Wright has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc and UCB; research grants from BMS, Gilead, Janssen and Pfizer Inc; speaker\/honoraria fees from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc and UCB; and is an office or board member of the Association of Women in Rheumatology. Eduardo Mysler has received advisor or review panel member fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, GSK and Pfizer Inc; consultant fees from AbbVie, Alpine Immunology, AstraZeneca, GSK, Hi\u00a0Bio, Janssen and Pfizer Inc; and speaker\/honoraria fees from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Sandoz, Sanofi and Pfizer Inc. Kevin D. Roberts and Ahmed Shelbaya are employees and stockholders of Pfizer Inc. Lindsay Sweet and Karim R. Masri are stockholders of Pfizer Inc and were employees of Pfizer Inc at the time of this analysis.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The original studies were conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice Guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation and were approved by the Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee at each center. Patients provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}