{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:57:34Z","timestamp":1791219454627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009727","name":"Hospital Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs - Real World Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T18:04:16Z","timestamp":1652810656000},"page":"347-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Polypharmacy in Australian Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder upon Admission to a Mental Health Facility: A Retrospective Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mellor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Saunders-Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Raguz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Wong","family":"Taing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila Shafiee","family":"Hanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","volume":"17","author":"N Masnoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, et al. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"298_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026771","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026771","volume":"9","author":"PJ Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao PJ, Mao CT, Chen TL, et al. Factors associated with adverse drug reaction occurrence and prognosis, and their economic impacts in older inpatients in Taiwan: a nested case-control study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):e026771.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"298_CR3","unstructured":"Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Medicine safety: take care. Canberra: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia; 2019. https:\/\/www.psa.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/PSA-Medicine-Safety-Report.pdf. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR4","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Injury in Australia: accidental poisoning: Australian Government; 2021 [updated 9th December 2021]. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/injury\/accidental-poisoning. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318202aa27","volume":"49","author":"AS Bohnert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bohnert AS, Ilgen MA, Galea S, et al. Accidental poisoning mortality among patients in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health System. Med Care. 2011;49(4):393\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13369","volume":"83","author":"J Brett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brett J, Daniels B, Karanges EA, et al. Psychotropic polypharmacy in Australia, 2006 to 2015: a descriptive cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(11):2581\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"298_CR7","unstructured":"Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission. Psychotropic medications used in Australia: information for aged care. Australian Government; 2020. agedcarequality.gov.au; acqsc_psychotropic_medications_v11.pdf. Accessed."},{"issue":"10","key":"298_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417721018","volume":"51","author":"J Brett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brett J, Karanges EA, Daniels B, et al. Psychotropic medication use in Australia, 2007 to 2015: changes in annual incidence, prevalence and treatment exposure. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017;51(10):990\u20139.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14527","volume":"87","author":"J Brett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brett J, Pearson SA, Daniels B, et al. A cross sectional study of psychotropic medicine use in Australia in 2018: a focus on polypharmacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(3):1369\u201377.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3811-5","volume":"18","author":"J Brett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brett J, Zoega H, Buckley NA, et al. Choosing wisely? Quantifying the extent of three low value psychotropic prescribing practices in Australia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1009.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"298_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"key":"298_CR12","unstructured":"Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. Mental health disorders following trauma exposure. eTG complete. 2019; June. https:\/\/www.tg.org.au. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00935","volume":"206","author":"SC McLeay","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLeay SC, Harvey WM, Romaniuk MN, et al. Physical comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam War veterans. Med J Aust. 2017;206(6):251\u20137.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"7","key":"298_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620070-00003","volume":"20","author":"MJ Maher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maher MJ, Rego SA, Asnis GM. Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: epidemiology, impact and approaches to management. CNS Drugs. 2006;20(7):567\u201390.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00129-3","volume":"43","author":"JC Beckham","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beckham JC, Crawford AL, Feldman ME, et al. Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain in Vietnam combat veterans. J Psychosom Res. 1997;43(4):379\u201389.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.06.0065","volume":"44","author":"JC Shipherd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shipherd JC, Keyes M, Jovanovic T, et al. Veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: what about comorbid chronic pain? J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(2):153\u201366.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07311","volume":"73","author":"NC Bernardy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bernardy NC, Lund BC, Alexander B, et al. Prescribing trends in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(3):297\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"298_CR18","unstructured":"International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. ISTSS PTSD guidelines: methodology and recommendations. Illinois, USA, 2018. www.istss.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR19","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Post-traumatic stress disorder: NICE guidelines NG116. 2018. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng116. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR20","unstructured":"Phoenix Australia. Australian guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. 2013. www.phoenixaustralia.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR21","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defence. VA\/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. Washington DC. 2017. https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/mh\/ptsd\/. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.01.001","volume":"28","author":"B Hovstadius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hovstadius B, Petersson G. Factors leading to excessive polypharmacy. Clin Geriatr Med. 2012;28(2):159\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200217","volume":"64","author":"TE Abrams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abrams TE, Lund BC, Bernardy NC, et al. Aligning clinical practice to PTSD treatment guidelines: medication prescribing by provider type. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(2):142\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"298_CR24","unstructured":"Van Hooff M, Lawrence-Wood E, Hodson S, et al. Mental health prevalence, mental health and wellbeing transition study. Department of Defence and Department of Veterans' Affairs. Canberra 2018. www.dva.gov.au\/mental-health-prevalence-report. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR25","first-page":"34","volume":"28","author":"R Theal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theal R, McLeay S, Gibson JM, et al. Psychotropic polypharmacy in Australian Vietnam War veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a descriptive cohort study. J Military Veterans Health. 2020;28(4):34\u201345.","journal-title":"J Military Veterans Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR26","first-page":"226","volume":"33","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: ATC\/DDD classification (temporary). WHO Drug Inf. 2019;33(2):226\u201332.","journal-title":"WHO Drug Inf."},{"issue":"7","key":"298_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022500","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022500","volume":"8","author":"CJ Byrne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Byrne CJ, Walsh C, Cahir C, et al. Anticholinergic and sedative drug burden in community-dwelling older people: a national database study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e022500.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"298_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.8.781","volume":"167","author":"SN Hilmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilmer SN, Mager DE, Simonsick EM, et al. A drug burden index to define the functional burden of medications in older people. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(8):781\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"298_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S66660","volume":"9","author":"L Kouladjian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kouladjian L, Gnjidic D, Chen TF, et al. Drug Burden Index in older adults: theoretical and practical issues. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1503\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1528145","volume":"11","author":"SN Hilmer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hilmer SN. Calculating and using the drug burden index score in research and practice. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11(11):1053\u20135.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083224","volume":"9","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Hartikainen S, et al. Impact of high risk drug use on hospitalization and mortality in older people with and without Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a national population cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e83224.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1","volume":"65","author":"D Dowell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain: United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(1):1\u201349.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x","volume":"89","author":"H Petursson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Petursson H. The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Addiction. 1994;89(11):1455\u20139.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000091","volume":"21","author":"J Guina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guina J, Rossetter SR, De Rhodes BJ, et al. Benzodiazepines for PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Pract. 2015;21(4):281\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"298_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2020.1725352","volume":"132","author":"JV Pergolizzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pergolizzi JV, LeQuang JA. Reappraising the use of benzodiazepines in chronic pain patients. Postgrad Med. 2020;132(sup3):10\u20132.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00870.x","volume":"11","author":"S Skurtveit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skurtveit S, Furu K, Bramness J, et al. Benzodiazepines predict use of opioids: a follow-up study of 17,074 men and women. Pain Med. 2010;11(6):805\u201314.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2019.0128","volume":"23","author":"S Musich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Musich S, Wang SS, Slindee LB, et al. Concurrent use of opioids with other central nervous system-active medications among older adults. Popul Health Manag. 2020;23(4):286\u201396.","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","volume":"163","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(11):1905\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"298_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-012-0029-7","volume":"27","author":"M Kato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kato M, Chang CM. Augmentation treatments with second-generation antipsychotics to antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression. CNS Drugs. 2013;27:S11\u20139.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701213294","volume":"41","author":"EE Roughead","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roughead EE, McDermott B, Gilbert AL. Antidepressants: prevalence of duplicate therapy and avoidable drug interactions in Australian veterans. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007;41(4):366\u201370.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.258","volume":"91","author":"D Gnjidic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Blyth FM, et al. High-risk prescribing and incidence of frailty among older community-dwelling men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012;91(3):521\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14804","volume":"51","author":"L Shafiee Hanjani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafiee Hanjani L, Hubbard RE, Freeman CR, et al. Medication use and cognitive impairment among residents of aged care facilities. Intern Med J. 2021;51(4):520\u201332.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"298_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3624","volume":"23","author":"PS Nishtala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishtala PS, Narayan SW, Wang T, et al. Associations of drug burden index with falls, general practitioner visits, and mortality in older people. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23(7):753\u20138.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"298_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.018","volume":"252","author":"TG Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee TG, Rosenheck RA. Psychotropic polypharmacy reconsidered: between-class polypharmacy in the context of multimorbidity in the treatment of depressive disorders. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:450\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"298_CR45","unstructured":"Phoenix Australia - Centre for Post-Traumatic Mental Health. Australian guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Melbourne. 2020. www.phoenixaustralia.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR46","unstructured":"Phoenix Australia\u2014Centre for Post-Traumatic Mental Health and the Canadian Centre of Excellence \u2014PTSD. The conceptual framework to guide the implementation of best and next practice in services and supports for veterans and their families. 2020. phoenixaustralia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/TecDoc_VeteranServices.pdf. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR47","unstructured":"Department of Health. National real time prescription monitoring (RTPM): Australian Government; 2022. https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/initiatives-and-programs\/national-real-time-prescription-monitoring-rtpm#. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR48","unstructured":"Pharmacy Programs Administrator. Home medicines review: Australian Healthcare Associates; 2018. https:\/\/www.ppaonline.com.au\/programs\/medication-management-programs\/home-medicines-review. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"key":"298_CR49","unstructured":"Pharmacy Programs Administrator. Program rules: residential medication management review. Australian Government Department of Health; 2021. https:\/\/www.ppaonline.com.au\/programs\/medicationmanagement-programs\/residential-medication-management-review-and-quality-use-of-medicines. Accessed 29 Mar 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09767-w","volume":"91","author":"MR Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig MR, Meraj A, Tapia RN. Development of a practice tool for primary care providers: medication management of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Psychiatr Q. 2020;91(4):1465\u201378.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767","volume":"67","author":"The American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel","year":"2019","unstructured":"The American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):674\u201394.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Drugs - Real World Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T16:11:50Z","timestamp":1661011910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40801-022-00298-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-1154","2198-9788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-1154","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-9788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project was funded by a grant received from the Ramsay Hospital Research Foundation, 16 April, 2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest were declared by the authors RM, AK, ES, ER, MT, LSH, CF and DC. ER was supported for her contribution to the paper by the Ramsay Hospital Research Foundation grant.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/competing interests"}},{"value":"Approval for this study was received from the Departments\u00a0of Defence and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Human Research Ethics Committee (DDVA HREC\/OUT\/2020\/BN18528191). A\u00a0waiver of participant consent under National Statement paragraph 2.3.10 was also approved by this committee, as\u00a0all data was de-identified.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"A waiver of participant consent under National Statement\u00a0paragraph 2.3.10 was approved by the Departments of Defence and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Human Research Ethics\u00a0Committee (DDVA HREC\/OUT\/2020\/BN18528191), as all data was de-identified.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not\u00a0applicable for this study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and\/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"RM coordinated the project, interpreted the data and drafted the final manuscript; ESD and ER extracted, organised and interpreted the data; MWT, LSH and CF analysed and interpreted the data; and AK, CF and DC provided clinical interpretation and perspective. All authors reviewed and contributed to the final manuscript.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}