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IPS testing is considered a safe tool for diagnosis and evaluation of effect of antiseizure medication when applied correctly [Reference C]. All patients that have been or presently are referred to a tertiary care hospital in the Netherlands have to give written, informed consent from the patient or guardian prior to the diagnostic tests. We retrospectively mined de-identified patient data from 1990 to 2000 for analysis. These type of clinically gathered data were considered exempt from IRB review. This study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the World Medical Association\u2019s Declaration of Helsinki. A. Tatum WO, Rubboli G, Kaplan PW, Mirsatari SM, Radhakrishnan K, Gloss D, Caboclo LO, Drislane FW, Koutroumanidis M, Schomer DL, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9 D, Cook M, Beniczky S. Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults. Clin Neurophysiol 2018 May; 129(5):1056-1082. B. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9 D, Rubboli G, Hirsch E, Martins da Silva A, Seri S, Wilkins A, Parra J, Covanis A, Elia M, Capovilla G, Stephani U, Harding G. Methodology of photic stimulation revisited: updated European algorithm for visual stimulation in the EEG laboratory. Epilepsia 2012 Jan; 53(1):16-24. . C. Whitehead K, Sherratt M, Kandler R, Lawrence S, Pang C. Photic stimulation during electroencephalography: efficacy and safety in an unselected cohort of patients referred to UK neurophysiology departments. Seizure 2016 Jan; 34:29-34.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Also note: Large Language Models (LLMs; e.g., ChatGPT), were not utilized in the initial, subsequent drafts, or final version of our manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"Dorothee Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9 (D.K.N.T.)\u2014conceptualization, data curation, writing\u2014original draft, and writing\u2014review and editing; Ronald C. Reed (R.C.R.)\u2014conceptualization, data curation, data analysis, statistical analysis, writing\u2014original draft, and writing\u2014review and editing; Alessandro Ferretti (A.F.)\u2014data analysis, statistical analysis, visualization, writing\u2014original draft, and writing\u2014review and editing; Anteo di Napoli (A.D.N.)\u2014data analysis, statistical analysis, visualization, writing\u2014original draft, and writing\u2014review and editing; Pasquale Parisi (P.P.)\u2014supervision and writing\u2014review and editing.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}},{"value":"The authors declare that this study received no financial support from internal or external resources.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"All authors declare no financial, nor non-financial, conflicts of interest.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Upon justifiable request,\u00a0data that supports the findings of this study\u00a0may be obtained by contacting\u00a0either the corresponding author, Ronald C. Reed, or\u00a0the primary author,\u00a0Dorothee\u2019 G.A. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of\u00a0Data and Materials"}},{"value":"AEs adverse effects, ASMs antiseizure medicines, BCPs birth control pills, CNS central nervous system, CI confidence interval, EEG electroencephalogram or electroencephalographic, GABA gaba-amino-butyric acid, Hz hertz, IGE idiopathic generalized epilepsy, IPS intermittent photic stimulation, IQR interquartile range, JME juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, PD pharmacodynamics, PK pharmacokinetics, PPR photoparoxysmal response, PoP proof-of-principle, SPR standardized photosensitivity range, SEIN Health Center, NL Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland,\u00a0STD\u00a0standard deviation,\u00a0 VPA valproic acid","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Abbreviations Appearing in the Abstract, Key Points, Text, Tables, Figures and Figure Legends, Listed in Alphabetical Order"}}]}}