{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:12:42Z","timestamp":1773940362674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["2R15DA046036-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15DA046036-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drugs - Real World Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T05:56:00Z","timestamp":1766555760000},"page":"51-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Opioid Utilization in Older Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis before and after Initiating Biological or Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yinan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Bazzazzadehgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omkar","family":"Ghodke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bruera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaustuv","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujith","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep K.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001122","volume":"159","author":"C Sommer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sommer C, Leinders M, \u00dc\u00e7eyler N. Inflammation in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2018;159:595\u2013602.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"537_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24596","volume":"73","author":"L Fraenkel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2021;73:924\u201339.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","volume":"82","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Bergstra SA, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82:3\u201318.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200422001-00002","volume":"22","author":"TK Kvien","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kvien TK. Epidemiology and burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg281","volume":"42","author":"P Minnock","year":"2003","unstructured":"Minnock P, FitzGerald O, Bresnihan B. Women with established rheumatoid arthritis perceive pain as the predominant impairment of health status. Rheumatology. 2003;42:995\u20131000.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"537_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10515","volume":"47","author":"T Heiberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heiberg T, Kvien TK. Preferences for improved health examined in 1,024 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: pain has highest priority. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;47:391\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"537_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40152","volume":"69","author":"JR Curtis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Curtis JR, Xie F, Smith C, et al. Changing trends in opioid use among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:1733\u201340.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab054","volume":"22","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Rege S, Chatterjee S, et al. Opioid prescribing among outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pain Med. 2021;22:2224\u201334.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"537_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25378","volume":"76","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Bruera S, Agarwal SK, et al. Opioid treatment for adults with and without systemic autoimmune\/inflammatory rheumatic diseases: analysis of 2006-2019 United States national data. Arthritis Care Res. 2024;76:1427\u201335.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"537_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40789","volume":"71","author":"YC Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee YC, Kremer J, Guan H, et al. Chronic opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and predictors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71:670\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3239-4","volume":"35","author":"JA Zamora-Legoff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zamora-Legoff JA, Achenbach SJ, Crowson CS, et al. Opioid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 2005\u20132014: a population-based comparative study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35:1137\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/15-028","volume":"20","author":"LJ Herrinton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herrinton LJ, Harrold L, Salman C, et al. Population variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment and outcomes, northern California, 1998\u20132009. The Permanente Journal. 2016;20:4\u201312.","journal-title":"The Permanente Journal"},{"key":"537_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027495","volume":"9","author":"SK Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen SK, Feldman CH, Brill G, et al. Use of prescription opioids among patients with rheumatic diseases compared to patients with hypertension in the USA: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e027495.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"537_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000602","volume":"31","author":"AL Day","year":"2019","unstructured":"Day AL, Curtis JR. Opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis: trends, efficacy, safety, and best practices. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019;31:264\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.193412","volume":"309","author":"SL Whittle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whittle SL, Richards BL, Buchbinder R. Opioid analgesics for rheumatoid arthritis pain. JAMA. 2013;309:485\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"537_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000868","volume":"34","author":"C Anastasiou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anastasiou C, Yazdany J. Review of publications evaluating opioid use in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2022;34:95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224339","volume":"82","author":"G Ozen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ozen G, Pedro S, Michaud K. Major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality with opioids versus NSAIDs initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82:1487\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"537_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39462","volume":"68","author":"AD Wiese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Stein CM, et al. Opioid analgesics and the risk of serious infections among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a self-controlled case series study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:323\u201331.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39422","volume":"68","author":"FA Acurcio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Acurcio FA, Moura CS, Bernatsky S, et al. Opioid use and risk of nonvertebral fractures in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study using administrative databases. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:83\u201391.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0596-6","volume":"34","author":"NA Accortt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Accortt NA, Schenfeld J, Chang E, et al. Changes in healthcare utilization after etanercept initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective claims analysis. Adv Ther. 2017;34:2093\u2013103.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"537_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-019-00175-6","volume":"6","author":"S Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park S, Le TT, Slejko JF, et al. Changes in opioid utilization following tumor necrosis factor inhibitor initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Ther. 2019;6:611\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00344-6","volume":"8","author":"T Hunter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hunter T, Nguyen C, Birt J, et al. Pain medication and corticosteroid use in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis in the United States: a retrospective observational study. Rheumatol Ther. 2021;8:1371\u201382.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00309-9","volume":"8","author":"AM Fendrick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fendrick AM, Macaulay D, Goldschmidt D, et al. Higher medication adherence and lower opioid use among individuals with autoimmune disease enrolled in an adalimumab patient support program in the United States. Rheumatol Ther. 2021;8:889\u2013901.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"537_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001972","volume":"29","author":"A Sood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sood A, Kuo Y-F, Westra J, et al. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use and its effect on long-term opioid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2023;29:262\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2024.2352967","volume":"53","author":"O Palsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Palsson O, Love TJ, Wallman JK, et al. Prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for patients with inflammatory arthritis decreases with the initiation of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: results from the ICEBIO registry. Scand J Rheumatol. 2024;53:402\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR26","first-page":"184","volume":"52","author":"S Pieretti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pieretti S, Di Giannuario A, Di Giovannandrea R, et al. Gender differences in pain and its relief. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016;52:184\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.08.001","volume":"23","author":"EF Fullerton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fullerton EF, Doyle HH, Murphy AZ. Impact of sex on pain and opioid analgesia: a review. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;23:183\u201390.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"537_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000337","volume":"30","author":"M Serdarevic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serdarevic M, Striley CW, Cottler LB. Sex differences in prescription opioid use. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30:238\u201346.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"537_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011073","volume":"19","author":"M Kalweit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalweit M, Burden AM, Boedecker J, et al. Patient groups in rheumatoid arthritis identified by deep learning respond differently to biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs. PLoS Comput Biol. 2023;19:e1011073.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"537_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03165-w","volume":"25","author":"J-Y Jung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jung J-Y, Lee E, Kim J-W, et al. Unveiling difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: long-term impact of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs from the KOBIO registry. Arthritis Res Ther. 2023;25:174.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"537_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez188","volume":"58","author":"PDH Hamann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamann PDH, Pauling JD, McHugh N, et al. Predictors, demographics and frequency of sustained remission and low disease activity in anti-tumour necrosis factor-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology. 2019;58:2162\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"537_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030499","volume":"12","author":"B Maranini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maranini B, Bortoluzzi A, Silvagni E, et al. Focus on sex and gender: what we need to know in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. J Pers Med. 2022;12:499.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"537_CR33","unstructured":"Medicare Sample Group Indicator | ResDAC, https:\/\/resdac.org\/cms-data\/variables\/medicare-sample-group-indicator. Accessed 12 Oct 202."},{"key":"537_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","volume":"335","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335:806\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"537_CR35","first-page":"31","volume":"24","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Salkar M, Bentley JP, et al. Patterns of long-term prescription opioid use among older adults in the United States: a study of Medicare administrative claims data. Pain Physician. 2021;24:31\u201340.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"537_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06792-8","volume":"37","author":"M Salkar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salkar M, Ramachandran S, Bentley JP, et al. Do formulation and dose of long-term opioid therapy contribute to risk of adverse events among older adults? J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37:367\u201374.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"537_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.08.019","volume":"63","author":"S Maharjan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maharjan S, Kertesz SG, Bhattacharya K, et al. Coprescribing of opioids and psychotropic medications among Medicare-enrolled older adults on long-term opioid therapy. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2023;63:1753-1760.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2023.08.019.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"537_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5698","volume":"33","author":"S Maharjan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maharjan S, Ramachandran S, Bhattacharya K, et al. Opioid tapering and mental health crisis in older adults. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2024;33:e5698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.5698.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"537_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09492-9","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y, Prajapati P, Ramachandran S, et al. Opioid tapering and opioid overdose, opioid use disorder, and mortality among older adults: a nested case\u2013control study. J Gen Intern Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09492-9.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"537_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-025-01237-x","author":"K Bhattacharya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhattacharya K, Bazzazzadehgan S, Leong NWI, et al. Prescription opioid use in older adults: trends and changes in new and long-term use in the United States, 2013-2020. Drugs Aging. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-025-01237-x.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"537_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf028","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Maharjan S, Lin L-Y, et al. Incidence of opioid dose tapering among older adults enrolled in Medicare. Innov Aging. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igaf028.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"537_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112899","volume":"276","author":"P Prajapati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prajapati P, Bazzazzadehgan S, Yang Y, et al. The association of opioid prescribing continuity and the risk of opioid use disorder among older adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025;276:112899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112899.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"537_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr218","volume":"41","author":"MJ Knol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knol MJ, VanderWeele TJ. Recommendations for presenting analyses of effect modification and interaction. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:514\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"537_CR44","unstructured":"He M, Lee YC, Jin Y, et al. Impact of initiating biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on pain medication use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In: ACR Meeting 2022, https:\/\/acrabstracts.org\/abstract\/impact-of-initiating-biologic-and-targeted-synthetic-disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs-on-pain-medication-use-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis\/. Accessed 14 Mar 2025."},{"key":"537_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2022.2130243","volume":"22","author":"A Alciati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alciati A, Di Carlo M, Siragusano C, et al. Effect of biological DMARDs and JAK inhibitors in pain of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2022;22:1311\u201322.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"537_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.10.008","volume":"51","author":"LS Simon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simon LS, Taylor PC, Choy EH, et al. The Jak\/STAT pathway: a focus on pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51:278\u201384.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"537_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03350-4","volume":"18","author":"L De Stefano","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Stefano L, Bozzalla Cassione E, Bottazzi F, et al. Janus kinase inhibitors effectively improve pain across different disease activity states in rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Emerg Med. 2023;18:1733\u201340.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"537_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001131","volume":"6","author":"B Fautrel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fautrel B, Zhu B, Taylor PC, et al. Comparative effectiveness of improvement in pain and physical function for baricitinib versus adalimumab, tocilizumab and tofacitinib monotherapies in rheumatoid arthritis patients who are na\u00efve to treatment with biologic or conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a matching-adjusted indirect comparison. RMD Open. 2020;6:e001131.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"537_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2023-1148","volume":"51","author":"S Tarannum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarannum S, Widdifield J, Wu CF, et al. Sex-related differences in dispensation of rheumatic medications in older patients with inflammatory arthritis: a population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2024;51:703\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"537_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.012","volume":"151","author":"M Niesters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niesters M, Dahan A, Kest B, et al. Do sex differences exist in opioid analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of human experimental and clinical studies. Pain. 2010;151:61\u20138.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"537_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2023.89317","volume":"29","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Salkar M, Bhattacharya K, et al. Continuity of opioid prescribing among older adults on long-term opioids. Am J Manag Care. 2023;29:88\u201394.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"537_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43014","volume":"77","author":"A Eberhard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eberhard A, Di Giuseppe D, Askling J, et al. Effectiveness of JAK inhibitors compared with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on pain reduction in rheumatoid arthritis: results from a nationwide swedish cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2025;77:253\u201362.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Drugs - Real World Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:02:39Z","timestamp":1773936159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40801-025-00537-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-1154","2198-9788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-1154","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-9788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Bentley received grants or contracts from the NIH \u2013 National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Mississippi State Department of Health, and consulting fees from the Pharmacy Quality Alliance (all outside the submitted work). Dr. Yang received grants from the NIH \u2013 National Institute on Drug Abuse outside the submitted work. Dr. Bhattacharya received grants or contracts from the NIH \u2013 National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Mississippi State Department of Health outside the submitted work. Dr. Ramachandran received grants or contracts from the NIH \u2013 National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Mississippi State Department of Health, and consulting fees from the Pharmacy Quality Alliance (all outside the submitted work). The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"No informed consent was needed because this study used existing, fully de-identified Medicare administrative claims data. The study protocol has been approved by the University of Mississippi (UM) Institutional Review Board (IRB) (protocol no. 24x-107). Data used in this study were provided under a Data Use Agreement (DUA) with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) (DUA no. RSCH-2023-59140).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The data for this study were made available under a data use agreement (DUA) with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) (DUA no. RSCH-2023-59140) and cannot be shared publicly. However, data can be accessed, subject to approval and a DUA, from the CMS (\n                      \n                      ).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability Statement"}},{"value":"Statistical programming codes were developed by the author team using SAS software and will be made available from the first author (YH) upon reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"Huang had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Huang, Bazzazzadehgan, Lin, Ghodke, and Bruera. Acquisition of data: Yang, Bentley, Ramachandran, and Bhattacharya. Analysis and interpretation of data: Huang, Bazzazzadehgan, Lin, and Bentley. Drafting of the manuscript: Huang. Statistical analysis: Bazzazzadehgan, Huang, and Lin. Administrative, technical, or material support: Yang and Bentley. Supervision: Yang and Bentley. All authors were involved in revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and all authors read and approved the final version to be published.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}},{"value":"Part of the work has been presented as a poster presentation at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) Annual Conference in May 2024.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Prior Presentations"}}]}}