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Given its retrospective design, informed consent from patients was waived. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (approval no. 2026-KY-KZ-269-01, no. 2025-KY-KZ-480-02). Patient case information was maintained with strict confidentiality. As this study involved a retrospective analysis of anonymized electronic medical records without any interventional procedures, it posed no risk to the subjects. Clinical trial registration number: Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study does not include any identifiable forms of personal data, nor does it use case reports or images that require specific consent for publication","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available owing to patient privacy protection. However, de-identified data may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, subject to institutional review board approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of Data And Materials","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82572052), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515013173).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Funding","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"G.Y. collected the data, wrote the manuscript and created the tables and figures. X.H. provided constructive advice and critically revised the manuscript. Y.H., Z.H., Z.H., S.Z., W.D., and C.Z. provided constructive advice and edited the manuscript. T.Li. took overall responsibility for data integrity and for the research performed in this study. All authors have read and approved the submitted version. All authors contributed to the article, checked the details of the work and approved the submitted version.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors gratefully acknowledge the patients for their invaluable contribution, and the clinical team for their dedicated efforts.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Acknowledgments","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":8,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code Availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}