{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:53:15Z","timestamp":1792129995280,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nano-Micro Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For traditional piezoelectric sensors based on poled ceramics, a low curie temperature (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is a fatal flaw due to the depolarization phenomenon. However, in this study, we find the low\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    would be a benefit for flexible piezoelectric sensors because small alterations of force trigger large changes in polarization. BaTi\n                    <jats:sub>0.88<\/jats:sub>\n                    Sn\n                    <jats:sub>0.12<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (BTS) with high piezoelectric coefficient and low\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    close to human body temperature is taken as an example for materials of this kind. Continuous piezoelectric BTS films were deposited on the flexible glass fiber fabrics (GFF), self-powered sensors based on the ultra-thin, superflexible, and polarization-free BTS-GFF\/PVDF composite piezoelectric films are used for human motion sensing. In the low force region (1\u20139\u00a0N), the sensors have the outstanding performance with voltage sensitivity of 1.23\u00a0V\u00a0N\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and current sensitivity of 41.0 nA N\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The BTS-GFF\/PVDF sensors can be used to detect the tiny forces of falling water drops, finger joint motion, tiny surface deformation, and fatigue driving with high sensitivity. This work provides a new paradigm for the preparation of superflexible, highly sensitive and wearable self-powered piezoelectric sensors, and this kind of sensors will have a broad application prospect in the fields of medical rehabilitation, human motion monitoring, and intelligent robot.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1620015878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Superflexible and Lead-Free Piezoelectric Nanogenerator as a Highly Sensitive Self-Powered Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiadong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Huangfu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800066","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800066","volume":"30","author":"T Bu","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. Bu, T. Xiao, Z. Yang, G. Liu, X. Fu et al., Stretchable triboelectric-photonic smart skin for tactile and gesture sensing. Adv. Mater. 30(16), 1800066 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201800066","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202006679","author":"C Ning","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Ning, K. Dong, R. Cheng, J. Yi, C. Ye et al., Flexible and stretchable fiber-shaped triboelectric nanogenerators for biomechanical monitoring and human-interactive sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202006679","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00580-5","volume":"13","author":"D Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"D. Wang, D. Zhang, P. Li, Z. Yang, Q. Mi et al., Electrospinning of flexible poly(vinyl alcohol)\/mxene nanofiber-based humidity sensor self-powered by monolayer molybdenum diselenide piezoelectric nanogenerator. Nano-Micro Lett. 13(1), 57 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-020-00580-5","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"24","key":"649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201500428","volume":"25","author":"F Yi","year":"2015","unstructured":"F. Yi, L. Lin, S. Niu, P.K. Yang, Z. Wang et al., Stretchable-rubber-based triboelectric nanogenerator and its application as self-powered body motion sensors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(24), 3688\u20133696 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201500428","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6042","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b01968","volume":"16","author":"Y Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y. Ma, Q. Zheng, Y. Liu, B. Shi, X. Xue et al., Self-powered, one-stop, and multifunctional implantable triboelectric active sensor for real-time biomedical monitoring. Nano Lett. 16(10), 6042\u20136051 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b01968","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6510","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b02693","volume":"10","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Q. Zheng, H. Zhang, B. Shi, X. Xue, Z. Liu et al., In vivo self-powered wireless cardiac monitoring via implantable triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS Nano 10(7), 6510\u20136518 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6b02693","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807560","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807560","volume":"29","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Z. Liu, Y. Ma, H. Ouyang, B. Shi, N. Li et al., Transcatheter self-powered ultrasensitive endocardial pressure sensor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(3), 1807560 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201807560","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12064","volume":"2","author":"L Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. Zhao, H. Li, J. Meng, Z. Li, The recent advances in self-powered medical information sensors. Infomat 2(1), 212\u2013234 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/inf2.12064","journal-title":"Infomat"},{"issue":"37","key":"649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201401267","volume":"24","author":"P Bai","year":"2014","unstructured":"P. Bai, G. Zhu, Q. Jing, J. Yang, J. Chen et al., Membrane-based self-powered triboelectric sensors for pressure change detection and its uses in security surveillance and healthcare monitoring. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(37), 5807\u20135813 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201401267","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"649_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8710686","DOI":"10.34133\/2020\/8710686","volume":"2020","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Z. Li, Q. Zheng, Z.L. Wang, Z. Li, Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for wearable and implantable electronics. Research 2020, 8710686 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/2020\/8710686","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"20","key":"649_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat2516","volume":"3","author":"H Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"H. Guo, X. Pu, J. Chen, Y. Meng, M.-H. Yeh et al., A highly sensitive, self-powered triboelectric auditory sensor for social robotics and hearing aids. Sci. Robot. 3(20), 2516 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aat2516","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.10.044","volume":"54","author":"X Pu","year":"2018","unstructured":"X. Pu, H. Guo, Q. Tang, J. Chen, L. Feng et al., Rotation sensing and gesture control of a robot joint via triboelectric quantization sensor. Nano Energy 54, 453\u2013460 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.10.044","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00575-2","volume":"13","author":"K Qin","year":"2021","unstructured":"K. Qin, C. Chen, X. Pu, Q. Tang, W. He et al., Magnetic array assisted triboelectric nanogenerator sensor for real-time gesture interaction. Nano-Micro Lett. 13(1), 51 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-020-00575-2","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0426-4","volume":"18","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Q. Zheng, Q. Tang, Z.L. Wang, Z. Li, Self-powered cardiovascular electronic devices and systems. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 18(1), 7\u201321 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-020-0426-4","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102958","volume":"24","author":"ZL Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Z.L. Wang, Self-powered nanosensors and nanosystems. Adv. Mater. 24(2), 280\u2013285 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201102958","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200904355","volume":"22","author":"Z Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Z. Li, G. Zhu, R. Yang, A.C. Wang, Z.L. Wang, Muscle-driven in vivo nanogenerator. Adv. Mater. 22(23), 2534\u20132537 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.200904355","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.07.001","volume":"64","author":"J Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Sun, A. Yang, C. Zhao, F. Liu, Z. Li, Recent progress of nanogenerators acting as biomedical sensors in vivo. Sci. Bull. 64(18), 1336\u20131347 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2019.07.001","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6436","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08268","volume":"14","author":"D Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Jiang, B. Shi, H. Ouyang, Y. Fan, Z.L. Wang et al., Emerging implantable energy harvesters and self-powered implantable medical electronics. ACS Nano 14(6), 6436\u20136448 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.9b08268","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"30","key":"649_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33989","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c08560","volume":"12","author":"J Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Jiang, S. Tu, R. Fu, J. Li, F. Hu et al., Flexible piezoelectric pressure tactile sensor based on electrospun BaTiO3\/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite membrane. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(30), 33989\u201333998 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.0c08560","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"649_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2019.111796","volume":"303","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Liu, B. Yang, L. Lu, X. Wang, X. Li et al., Flexible and lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerator as self-powered sensor based on electrospinning BZT-BCT\/p(VDF-TRFE) nanofibers. Sens. Actuator A-Phys. 303, 111796 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2019.111796","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"issue":"23","key":"649_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604245","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201604245","volume":"13","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Chen, X. Li, J. Shao, N. An, H. Tian et al., High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators with imprinted p(VDF-TRFE)\/BaTiO3 nanocomposite micropillars for self-powered flexible sensors. Small 13(23), 1604245 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201604245","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"9","key":"649_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8830","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02975","volume":"11","author":"Z Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z. Lin, J. Chen, X. Li, Z. Zhou, K. Meng et al., Triboelectric nanogenerator enabled body sensor network for self-powered human heart-rate monitoring. ACS Nano 11(9), 8830\u20138837 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b02975","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800360","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800360","volume":"4","author":"Z Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Z. Lin, Z. Wu, B. Zhang, Y.-C. Wang, H. Guo et al., A triboelectric nanogenerator-based smart insole for multifunctional gait monitoring. Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(2), 1800360 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.201800360","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125526","volume":"398","author":"X Pu","year":"2020","unstructured":"X. Pu, J.-W. Zha, C.-L. Zhao, S.-B. Gong, J.-F. Gao et al., Flexible PVDF\/nylon-11 electrospun fibrous membranes with aligned ZnO nanowires as potential triboelectric nanogenerators. Chem. Eng. J. 398, 125526 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125526","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1021\/nn402491y","volume":"7","author":"P Bai","year":"2013","unstructured":"P. Bai, G. Zhu, Y. Liu, J. Chen, Q. Jing et al., Cylindrical rotating triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS Nano 7(7), 6361\u20136366 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nn402491y","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13942","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13942","volume":"5","author":"T Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. Huang, M. Lu, H. Yu, Q. Zhang, H. Wang et al., Enhanced power output of a triboelectric nanogenerator composed of electrospun nanofiber mats doped with graphene oxide. Sci. Rep. 5, 13942 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep13942","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105599","volume":"80","author":"L Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"L. Shi, H. Jin, S. Dong, S. Huang, H. Kuang et al., High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on electrospun PVDF-graphene nanosheet composite nanofibers for energy harvesting. Nano Energy 80, 105599 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105599","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"19","key":"649_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ta01524k","volume":"5","author":"X Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Yang, W.A. Daoud, Synergetic effects in composite-based flexible hybrid mechanical energy harvesting generator. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(19), 9113\u20139121 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7ta01524k","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601255","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201601255","volume":"7","author":"SW Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S.W. Chen, X. Cao, N. Wang, L. Ma, H.R. Zhu et al., An ultrathin flexible single-electrode triboelectric-nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting and instantaneous force sensing. Adv. Energy Mater. 7(1), 1601255 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aenm.201601255","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"649_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.08.125","volume":"307","author":"J Bae","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. Bae, I. Baek, H. Choi, Efficacy of piezoelectric electrospun nanofiber membrane for water treatment. Chem. Eng. J. 307, 670\u2013678 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2016.08.125","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1021\/nl9040719","volume":"10","author":"C Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"C. Chang, V.H. Tran, J. Wang, Y.-K. Fuh, L. Lin, Direct-write piezoelectric polymeric nanogenerator with high energy conversion efficiency. Nano Lett. 10(2), 726\u2013731 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nl9040719","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"37","key":"649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24773","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b07833","volume":"8","author":"S-H Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"S.-H. Park, H.B. Lee, S.M. Yeon, J. Park, N.K. Lee, Flexible and stretchable piezoelectric sensor with thickness-tunable configuration of electrospun nanofiber mat and elastomeric substrates. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(37), 24773\u201324781 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b07833","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105661","volume":"81","author":"Z Hanani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Z. Hanani, I. Izanzar, M. Amjoud, D. Mezzane, M. Lahcini et al., Lead-free nanocomposite piezoelectric nanogenerator film for biomechanical energy harvesting. Nano Energy 81, 105661 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105661","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"39","key":"649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26190","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04497","volume":"8","author":"X Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"X. Ren, H. Fan, Y. Zhao, Z. Liu, Flexible lead-free BiFeO3\/PDMS-based nanogenerator as piezoelectric energy harvester. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(39), 26190\u201326197 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b04497","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"7","key":"649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"074102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4976803","volume":"5","author":"CK Jeong","year":"2017","unstructured":"C.K. Jeong, J.H. Han, H. Palneedi, H. Park, G.-T. Hwang et al., Comprehensive biocompatibility of nontoxic and high-output flexible energy harvester using lead-free piezoceramic thin film. Apl. Mater. 5(7), 074102 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4976803","journal-title":"Apl. Mater."},{"issue":"13","key":"649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10576","DOI":"10.1021\/am502234q","volume":"6","author":"HB Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"H.B. Kang, J. Chang, K. Koh, L. Lin, Y.S. Cho, High quality Mn-doped (Na, K)NbO3 nanofibers for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(13), 10576\u201310582 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am502234q","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"649_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.05.012","volume":"50","author":"Y Huan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Huan, X. Zhang, J. Song, Y. Zhao, T. Wei et al., High-performance piezoelectric composite nanogenerator based on Ag\/(K, Na)NbO3 heterostructure. Nano Energy 50, 62\u201369 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.05.012","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104944","volume":"76","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Wang, Z. Fan, G. Rao, G. Wang, Y. Liu et al., Ultrahigh piezoelectricity in lead-free piezoceramics by synergistic design. Nano Energy 76, 104944 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104944","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"649_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101095","volume":"23","author":"TPP Thi","year":"2020","unstructured":"T.P.P. Thi, Z. Yan, G. Nick, K. Hamideh, H.D.N. Phuc et al., Demonstration of enhanced piezo-catalysis for hydrogen generation and water treatment at the ferroelectric curie temperature. Iscience 23(5), 101095 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101095","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"649_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900744","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900744","volume":"4","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. Liu, L. Zhao, L. Wang, H. Zheng, D. Li et al., Skin-integrated graphene-embedded lead zirconate titanate rubber for energy harvesting and mechanical sensing. Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(12), 1900744 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.201900744","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"649_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.04.030","volume":"15","author":"S Siddiqui","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Siddiqui, D.-I. Kim, D. Lee Thai, N. Minh Triet, S. Muhammad et al., High-performance flexible lead-free nanocomposite piezoelectric nanogenerator for biomechanical energy harvesting and storage. Nano Energy 15, 177\u2013185 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.04.030","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1021\/nn406481k","volume":"8","author":"S-H Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"S.-H. Shin, Y.-H. Kim, M.H. Lee, J.-Y. Jung, J. Nah, Hemispherically aggregated BaTiO3 nanoparticle composite thin film for high-performance flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator. ACS Nano 8(3), 2766\u20132773 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nn406481k","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"649_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62433","DOI":"10.5772\/62433","volume":"6","author":"JS Yun","year":"2016","unstructured":"J.S. Yun, C.K. Park, Y.H. Jeong, J.H. Cho, J.-H. Paik et al., The fabrication and characterization of piezoelectric PZT\/PVDF electrospun nanofiber composites. Nanomater. Nanotechnol. 6, 62433 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/62433","journal-title":"Nanomater. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"649_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2016.06.011","volume":"247","author":"SH Ji","year":"2016","unstructured":"S.H. Ji, J.H. Cho, Y.H. Jeong, J.-H. Paik, J.D. Yun et al., Flexible lead-free piezoelectric nanofiber composites based on BNT-ST and PVDF for frequency sensor applications. Sens. Actuator A-Phys. 247, 316\u2013322 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2016.06.011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"key":"649_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.03.025","volume":"59","author":"S He","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. He, W. Dong, Y. Guo, L. Guan, H. Xiao et al., Piezoelectric thin film on glass fiber fabric with structural hierarchy: an approach to high-performance, superflexible, cost-effective, and large-scale nanogenerators. Nano Energy 59, 745\u2013753 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.03.025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"649_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.11.037","volume":"43","author":"D Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"D. Wang, G. Yuan, G. Hao, Y. Wang, All-inorganic flexible piezoelectric energy harvester enabled by two-dimensional mica. Nano Energy 43, 351\u2013358 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.11.037","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.006","volume":"39","author":"P Martins","year":"2014","unstructured":"P. Martins, A.C. Lopes, S. Lanceros-Mendez, Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride): determination, processing and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 39(4), 683\u2013706 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.006","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"649_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11122033","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11122033","volume":"11","author":"Z Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Z. Yin, B. Tian, Q. Zhu, C. Duan, Characterization and application of PVDF and its copolymer films prepared by spin-coating and langmuir-blodgett method. Polymers 11(12), 11122033 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym11122033","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"649_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.P. Mahale, D. Bodas, S.A. Gangal, Development of pvdf based pressure sensor for low pressure application. In: 2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano\/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems 658\u2013661 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/NEMS.2011.6017441"},{"issue":"20","key":"649_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-9883-5","volume":"29","author":"J Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Liu, B. Yang, J. Liu, Development of environmental-friendly BZT-BCT\/p(VDF-TrFE) composite film for piezoelectric generator. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29(20), 17764\u201317770 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-018-9883-5","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"649_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104437","volume":"69","author":"J Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Yu, X. Hou, J. He, M. Cui, C. Wang et al., Ultra-flexible and high-sensitive triboelectric nanogenerator as electronic skin for self-powered human physiological signal monitoring. Nano Energy 69, 104437 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104437","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"649_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104870","volume":"74","author":"S Mondal","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Mondal, T. Paul, S. Maiti, B.K. Das, K.K. Chattopadhyay, Human motion interactive mechanical energy harvester based on all inorganic perovskite-PVDF. Nano Energy 74, 104870 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104870","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"7","key":"649_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00483","volume":"1","author":"A Gaur","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Gaur, C. Kumar, S. Tiwari, P. Maiti, Efficient energy harvesting using processed poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanogenerator. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1(7), 3019\u20133024 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsaem.8b00483","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"649_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.02.003","volume":"6","author":"SH Wankhade","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.H. Wankhade, S. Tiwari, A. Gaur, P. Maiti, PVDF\u2013PZT nanohybrid based nanogenerator for energy harvesting applications. Energy Rep. 6, 358\u2013364 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.02.003","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"issue":"18","key":"649_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-018-2540-9","volume":"53","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Guo, D. Li, B. Cui et al., Hybrid nanogenerator of BaTiO3 nanowires and CNTs for harvesting energy. J. Mater. Sci. 53(18), 13081\u201313089 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10853-018-2540-9","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"649_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.009","volume":"230","author":"B Dudem","year":"2018","unstructured":"B. Dudem, D.H. Kim, L.K. Bharat, J.S. Yu, Highly-flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators with silver nanowires and barium titanate embedded composite films for mechanical energy harvesting. Appl. Energy 230, 865\u2013874 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.009","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"9","key":"649_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302879t","volume":"12","author":"X Xue","year":"2012","unstructured":"X. Xue, S. Wang, W. Guo, Y. Zhang, Z.L. Wang, Hybridizing energy conversion and storage in a mechanical-to-electrochemical process for self-charging power cell. Nano Lett. 12(9), 5048\u20135054 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nl302879t","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"20","key":"649_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4807794","volume":"113","author":"J Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Chen, Y. Luo, X. Ou, G. Yuan, Y. Wang et al., Upward ferroelectric self-polarization induced by compressive epitaxial strain in (001) BaTiO3 films. J. Appl. Phys. 113(20), 204105 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4807794","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/00150190590926201","volume":"314","author":"MD Glinchuk","year":"2005","unstructured":"M.D. Glinchuk, A.N. Morozovska, E.A. Eliseev, Ferroelectric thin film properties: peculiarities related to mismatch-induced polarization. Ferroelectrics 314(1), 85\u201395 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00150190590926201","journal-title":"Ferroelectrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"649_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.107602","volume":"101","author":"HW Jang","year":"2008","unstructured":"H.W. Jang, S.H. Baek, D. Ortiz, C.M. Folkman, R.R. Das et al., Strain-induced polarization rotation in epitaxial (001) BiFeO3 thin films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(10), 107602 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.107602","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"19","key":"649_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1570517","volume":"82","author":"W Ma","year":"2003","unstructured":"W. Ma, L.E. Cross, Strain-gradient-induced electric polarization in lead zirconate titanate ceramics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(19), 3293\u20133295 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1570517","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"649_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09851-1","volume":"10","author":"H Ouyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Ouyang, Z. Liu, N. Li, B. Shi, Y. Zou et al., Symbiotic cardiac pacemaker. Nat. Commun. 10, 1821 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09851-1","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"649_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105359","volume":"78","author":"X Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"X. Lu, L. Zheng, H. Zhang, W. Wang, Z.L. Wang et al., Stretchable, transparent triboelectric nanogenerator as a highly sensitive self-powered sensor for driver fatigue and distraction monitoring. Nano Energy 78, 105359 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105359","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"649_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.08.036","volume":"53","author":"SK Ghosh","year":"2018","unstructured":"S.K. Ghosh, D. Mandal, Synergistically enhanced piezoelectric output in highly aligned 1d polymer nanofibers integrated all-fiber nanogenerator for wearable nano-tactile sensor. Nano Energy 53, 245\u2013257 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.08.036","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"27","key":"649_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11536","DOI":"10.1039\/c5nr01746g","volume":"7","author":"X Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"X. Chen, H. Tian, X. Li, J. Shao, Y. Ding et al., A high performance p(VDF-TrFe) nanogenerator with self-connected and vertically integrated fibers by patterned ehd pulling. Nanoscale 7(27), 11536\u201311544 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5nr01746g","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"45","key":"649_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11806","DOI":"10.1039\/c5tc02173a","volume":"3","author":"X Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"X. Chen, J. Shao, N. An, X. Li, H. Tian et al., Self-powered flexible pressure sensors with vertically well-aligned piezoelectric nanowire arrays for monitoring vital signs. J. Mater. Chem. C 3(45), 11806\u201311814 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5tc02173a","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"issue":"20","key":"649_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-9883-5","volume":"29","author":"J Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Liu, B. Yang, J. Liu, Development of environmental-friendly BZT\u2013BCT\/p(VDF\u2013TrFe) composite film for piezoelectric generator. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29(20), 17764\u201317770 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-018-9883-5","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."}],"container-title":["Nano-Micro Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T08:07:56Z","timestamp":1661933276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-021-00649-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-6706","2150-5551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2311-6706","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-5551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"117"}}