{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:34:48Z","timestamp":1793946888038,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nano-Micro Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Soft electronics are an emerging class of mechanically compliant platforms that enable conformal, skin-interfaced sensing and actuation on curvilinear and dynamic surfaces. These systems combine deformation-tolerant electrical functionality with soft contact mechanics, but their in-use performance is strongly influenced by time-varying interfaces, motion-induced artifacts, and the system burden associated with dense multimodal integration. Advances in soft electronics are now converging with artificial intelligence, which supports reliable information extraction from high-dimensional signals and enables on-device inference that tolerates variability across users and day-to-day conditions. Here, progress in this convergence from materials to intelligent systems is summarized. Material and interface foundations are introduced first, focusing on deformation-tolerant conductors, low-impedance biointerfaces, and breathable substrate strategies that support extended wear. Manufacturing and integration approaches are then discussed, highlighting scalable fabrication, multilayer interconnects, and energy-autonomous wireless operation that enable higher channel counts and multifunctional architectures. Learning-based pipelines are subsequently reviewed with emphasis on artifact suppression, nonideality compensation, multimodal inference, and efficient edge deployment. Finally, emerging directions including neuromorphic computing and in-sensor computing are discussed, together with current challenges and future opportunities toward deployable intelligent soft systems that operate continuously and reliably in everyday settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:17:51Z","timestamp":1782793071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Convergence of Soft Electronics and Artificial Intelligence: From Materials to Intelligent Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Huijae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyuho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangjin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daeho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hwan","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2265_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606604","volume":"27","author":"H Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"H. Zhu, X. Wang, J. Liang, H. Lv, H. Tong et al., Versatile electronic skins for motion detection of joints enabled by aligned few-walled carbon nanotubes in flexible polymer composites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(21), 1606604 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201606604","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02014","volume":"19","author":"P Won","year":"2019","unstructured":"P. Won, J.J. Park, T. Lee, I. Ha, S. Han et al., Stretchable and transparent kirigami conductor of nanowire percolation network for electronic skin applications. Nano Lett. 19(9), 6087\u20136096 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02014","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"49","key":"2265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66330","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c15835","volume":"17","author":"J Noh","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Noh, E. Noh et al., Silver nanowire-based stretchable transparent electrodes for precise biosignal sensing from small skin areas. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 17(49), 66330\u201366338 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5c15835","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602076","volume":"3","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. Wang, C. Zhu, R. Pfattner, H. Yan, L. Jin et al., A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Sci. Adv. 3(3), e1602076 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1602076","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-025-00441-4","volume":"9","author":"J Qiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Qiu, Y. Lu, X. Qian, J. Yao, C. Han et al., Highly conductive polymer with vertical phase separation for enhanced bioelectronic interfaces. npj Flex. Electron. 9, 69 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-025-00441-4","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c04052","volume":"7","author":"G Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"G. Ren, J. Yang, X. Wang et al., Stretchable and self-adhesive PEDOT: PSS electrode for fully integrated and long-term electrocardiogram monitoring. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 7(9), 5407\u20135417 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsapm.4c04052","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"issue":"34","key":"2265_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39159","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c11921","volume":"14","author":"J Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"J. Cao, X. Yang, J. Rao, A. Mitriashkin, X. Fan et al., Stretchable and self-adhesive PEDOT: PSS blend with high sweat tolerance as conformal biopotential dry electrodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14(34), 39159\u201339171 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.2c11921","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2265_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149303","volume":"149303","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"N. Li, X. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Li, J. Li et al., Ultrastretchable, Self-Adhesive and conductive MXene nanocomposite hydrogel for body-surface temperature distinguishing and electrophysiological signal monitoring. Chem. Eng. J. 149303, 149303 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149303","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"17","key":"2265_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202661","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202202661","volume":"12","author":"S Roubert Martinez","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Roubert Martinez, P. Le Floch, J. Liu, R.D. Howe, Pure conducting polymer hydrogels increase signal-to-noise of cutaneous electrodes by lowering skin interface impedance. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12(17), 2202661 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202202661","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2265_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706299","volume":"30","author":"K-Y Chun","year":"2018","unstructured":"K.-Y. Chun, Y.J. Son, E.-S. Jeon, S. Lee, C.-S. Han, A self-powered sensor mimicking slow- and fast-adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Adv. Mater. 30(12), 1706299 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201706299","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700015","volume":"3","author":"X Pu","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Pu, M. Liu, X. Chen, J. Sun, C. Du et al., Ultrastretchable, transparent triboelectric nanogenerator as electronic skin for biomechanical energy harvesting and tactile sensing. Sci. Adv. 3(5), e1700015 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1700015","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"44","key":"2265_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303881","volume":"33","author":"Y Hao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y. Hao, Q. Yan, H. Liu, X. He, P. Zhang et al., A stretchable, breathable, and self-adhesive electronic skin with multimodal sensing capabilities for human-centered healthcare. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(44), 2303881 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202303881","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"46","key":"2265_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407978","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202407978","volume":"34","author":"GB Pradhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"G.B. Pradhan, S. Jeong, S. Sharma, S. Lim, K. Shrestha et al., A breathable and strain-insensitive multi-layered E-skin patch for digital healthcare wearables. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34(46), 2407978 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202407978","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6978","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b02505","volume":"12","author":"M Bariya","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Bariya, Z. Shahpar, H. Park, J. Sun, Y. Jung et al., Roll-to-roll gravure printed electrochemical sensors for wearable and medical devices. ACS Nano 12(7), 6978\u20136987 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.8b02505","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"11","key":"2265_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-020-06324-4","volume":"111","author":"E Jansson","year":"2020","unstructured":"E. Jansson, A. Korhonen, M. Hietala, T. Kololuoma, Development of a full roll-to-roll manufacturing process of through-substrate vias with stretchable substrates enabling double-sided wearable electronics. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 111(11), 3017\u20133027 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-020-06324-4","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"2265_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25641","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25641","volume":"6","author":"K Tybrandt","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Tybrandt, F. Stauffer, J. V\u00f6r\u00f6s, Multilayer patterning of high resolution intrinsically stretchable electronics. Sci. Rep. 6, 25641 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep25641","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"40","key":"2265_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay9842","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay9842","volume":"6","author":"Y Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Song, J. Min, Y. Yu, H. Wang, Y. Yang et al., Wireless battery-free wearable sweat sensor powered by human motion. Sci. Adv. 6(40), eaay9842 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aay9842","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"29","key":"2265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37401","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c02467","volume":"16","author":"M Sattar","year":"2024","unstructured":"M. Sattar, Y.J. Lee, H. Kim, M. Adams, M. Guess et al., Flexible thermoelectric wearable architecture for wireless continuous physiological monitoring. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16(29), 37401\u201337417 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.4c02467","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2025.105053","volume":"160","author":"H Ullah","year":"2025","unstructured":"H. Ullah, M.B. Bin Heyat, T. Biswas, N.I. Neha, M.M.S. Raihan et al., An end-to-end motion artifacts reduction method with 2D convolutional de-noising auto-encoders on ECG signals of wearable flexible biosensors. Digit. Signal Process. 160, 105053 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2025.105053","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"2265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00355-7","volume":"8","author":"HK Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"H.K. Lee, S.U. Park, S. Kong, H. Ryu, H. Bin Kim et al., Real-time deep learning-assisted mechano-acoustic system for respiratory diagnosis and multifunctional classification. npj Flex. Electron. 8, 69 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-024-00355-7","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300486","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300486","volume":"6","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"J. Wang, J. Shu, M.M. Alam, Z. Gao, Z. Li et al., Drift-aware feature learning based on autoencoder preprocessing for soft sensors. Adv. Intell. Syst. 6(3), 2300486 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202300486","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"2265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2019.00027","volume":"6","author":"B Oldfrey","year":"2019","unstructured":"B. Oldfrey, R. Jackson, P. Smitham, M. Miodownik, A deep learning approach to non-linearity in wearable stretch sensors. Front. Robot. AI 6, 27 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2019.00027","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"2265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8834","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35531-4","volume":"16","author":"GA Gracy","year":"2026","unstructured":"G.A. Gracy, S.C. Pravin, A lightweight residual dilated temporal transformer block for ECG classification on edge devices. Sci. Rep. 16, 8834 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35531-4","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2265_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43664-7","volume":"14","author":"H Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"H. Xu, W. Zheng, Y. Zhang, D. Zhao, L. Wang et al., A fully integrated, standalone stretchable device platform with in-sensor adaptive machine learning for rehabilitation. Nat. Commun. 14, 7769 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-43664-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"37","key":"2265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadi6492","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi6492","volume":"9","author":"Y Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y. Song, R.Y. Tay, J. Li, C. Xu, J. Min et al., 3D-printed epifluidic electronic skin for machine learning\u2013powered multimodal health surveillance. Sci. Adv. 9(37), eadi6492 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adi6492","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c18243","volume":"17","author":"B De Chiara","year":"2025","unstructured":"B. De Chiara, F. Del Duca, M.Z. Hussain, T. Kratky, P. Banerjee et al., Laser-induced metal\u2013organic framework-derived flexible electrodes for electrochemical sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 17(2), 3772\u20133784 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.4c18243","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"21","key":"2265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19472","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b03261","volume":"11","author":"JC Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"J.C. Yang, J.-O. Kim, J. Oh, S.Y. Kwon, J.Y. Sim et al., Microstructured porous pyramid-based ultrahigh sensitive pressure sensor insensitive to strain and temperature. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(21), 19472\u201319480 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.9b03261","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"36","key":"2265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202104070","volume":"31","author":"N Rodeheaver","year":"2021","unstructured":"N. Rodeheaver, R. Herbert, Y.-S. Kim, M. Mahmood, H. Kim, Y.-S. Kim et al., Strain-isolating materials and interfacial physics for soft wearable bioelectronics and wireless, motion artifact-controlled health monitoring. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(36), 2104070 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202104070","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77214-y","volume":"14","author":"S Koziel","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Koziel, A. Pietrenko-Dabrowska, M. Wojcikowski, B. Pankiewicz, High-performance machine-learning-based calibration of low-cost nitrogen dioxide sensor using environmental parameter differentials and global data scaling. Sci. Rep. 14, 26120 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77214-y","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-01986-9","volume":"14","author":"J Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Zhou, W. Li, Y. Chen, H. Qian, Y.-H. Lin et al., Optoelectronic polymer memristors with dynamic control for power-efficient in-sensor edge computing. Light. Sci. Appl. 14, 309 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41377-025-01986-9","journal-title":"Light. Sci. Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"2265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-00950-y","volume":"6","author":"S Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Wang, X. Chen, C. Zhao, Y. Kong, B. Lin et al., An organic electrochemical transistor for multi-modal sensing, memory and processing. Nat. Electron. 6(4), 281\u2013291 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-023-00950-y","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00888-7","volume":"6","author":"KK Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"K.K. Kim, M. Kim, K. Pyun, J. Kim, J. Min et al., A substrate-less nanomesh receptor with meta-learning for rapid hand task recognition. Nat. Electron. 6(1), 64\u201375 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-022-00888-7","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"2265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63644-3","volume":"16","author":"SU Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"S.U. Park, H.K. Lee, H. Bin Kim, D. Kim, W. Kim et al., Wearable interactive full-body motion tracking and haptic feedback network systems with deep learning. Nat. Commun. 16, 8604 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-63644-3","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18677-1","volume":"11","author":"NM Angenent-Mari","year":"2020","unstructured":"N.M. Angenent-Mari, A.S. Garruss, L.R. Soenksen, G. Church, J.J. Collins, A deep learning approach to programmable RNA switches. Nat. Commun. 11, 5057 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18677-1","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00502","volume":"124","author":"S Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Gong, Y. Lu, J. Yin, A. Levin, W. Cheng, Materials-driven soft wearable bioelectronics for connected healthcare. Chem. Rev. 124(2), 455\u2013553 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00502","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2265_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122862","volume":"314","author":"S Hong","year":"2025","unstructured":"S. Hong, T. Yu, Z. Wang, C.H. Lee, Biomaterials for reliable wearable health monitoring: applications in skin and eye integration. Biomaterials 314, 122862 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122862","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"26","key":"2265_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba9624","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba9624","volume":"6","author":"X Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"X. Peng, K. Dong, C. Ye, Y. Jiang, S. Zhai et al., A breathable, biodegradable, antibacterial, and self-powered electronic skin based on all-nanofiber triboelectric nanogenerators. Sci. Adv. 6(26), eaba9624 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aba9624","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40763-3","volume":"14","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"J. Li, H. Jia, J. Zhou, X. Huang, L. Xu et al., Thin, soft, wearable system for continuous wireless monitoring of artery blood pressure. Nat. Commun. 14, 5009 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40763-3","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152462","volume":"493","author":"Q Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Q. Yu, J. Pan, Z. Jiang, Z. Guo, J. Jiang, Stretchable multimodal textile sensor based on core-sheath CB\/PDMS\/MXene sensing yarn for efficiently distinguishing mechanical stimulus. Chem. Eng. J. 493, 152462 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152462","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665x\/aa6849","volume":"26","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Wang, K.J. Loh, Wearable carbon nanotube-based fabric sensors for monitoring human physiological performance. Smart Mater. Struct. 26(5), 055018 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-665x\/aa6849","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"issue":"43","key":"2265_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37921","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b10820","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z. Zhan, R. Lin, V.-T. Tran, J. An, Y. Wei et al., Paper\/carbon nanotube-based wearable pressure sensor for physiological signal acquisition and soft robotic skin. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(43), 37921\u201337928 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.7b10820","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2265_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.130427","volume":"656","author":"M Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. Qu, Q. Liu, F. Shi, Y. Lv, H. Liu et al., Flexible conductive Ag-CNTs sponge with corrosion resistance for wet condition sensing and human motion detection. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 656, 130427 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.130427","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"2265_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Maity, K. Rajavel, R.T. Rajendra Kumar, MWCNT enabled smart textiles based flexible and wearable sensor for human motion and humidity monitoring. Cellulose. 28(4), 2505\u20132520 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10570-020-03617-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03617-5"},{"key":"2265_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.113098","volume":"332","author":"M Go","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Go, X. Qi, P. Matteini, B. Hwang, S. Lim, High resolution screen-printing of carbon black\/carbon nanotube composite for stretchable and wearable strain sensor with controllable sensitivity. Sens. Actuat. A Phys. 332, 113098 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2021.113098","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A Phys."},{"issue":"29","key":"2265_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201400379","volume":"24","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y. Wang, L. Wang, T. Yang, X. Li, X. Zang et al., Wearable and highly sensitive graphene strain sensors for human motion monitoring. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(29), 4666\u20134670 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201400379","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8790","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02826","volume":"11","author":"L-Q Tao","year":"2017","unstructured":"L.-Q. Tao, K.-N. Zhang, H. Tian, Y. Liu, D.-Y. Wang et al., Graphene-paper pressure sensor for detecting human motions. ACS Nano 11(9), 8790\u20138795 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b02826","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2265_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115529","volume":"375","author":"R Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"R. Zhang, Y. Yao, G. Lin, X. Zhang, A flexible sensor fabricated by laser-induced graphene on PI fabric with macroscopic crack array for GF modulation strategy. Sens. Actuat. A Phys. 375, 115529 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115529","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A Phys."},{"key":"2265_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.120852","volume":"246","author":"G Choi","year":"2026","unstructured":"G. Choi, S. Yoon, Y. Jung, H. Park, D. Kim et al., Robust freestanding laser-induced graphene electrodes for wearable energy devices. Carbon 246, 120852 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.120852","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"39","key":"2265_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701985","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201701985","volume":"29","author":"Y Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. Gao, H. Ota, E.W. Schaler, K. Chen, A. Zhao et al., Wearable microfluidic diaphragm pressure sensor for health and tactile touch monitoring. Adv. Mater. 29(39), 1701985 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201701985","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2265_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070132","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202070132","volume":"16","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"N. Tang, C. Zhou, D. Qu, Y. Fang, Y. Zheng et al., Strain sensors: a highly aligned nanowire-based strain sensor for ultrasensitive monitoring of subtle human motion (small 24\/2020). Small 16(24), 2070132 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202070132","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900721","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201900721","volume":"6","author":"C Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Xu, B. Ma, S. Yuan, C. Zhao, H. Liu, High-resolution patterning of liquid metal on hydrogel for flexible, stretchable, and self-healing electronics. Adv. Electron. Mater. 6(1), 1900721 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aelm.201900721","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c21550","volume":"18","author":"W Wu","year":"2026","unstructured":"W. Wu, X. Yang, M. Xie, H. He, R. Sun, Topological supramolecular network-enabled PEDOT: PSS hydrogel sensor for high-sensitivity strain monitoring and EMG\/ECG bioelectronic sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 18(2), 4325\u20134338 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5c21550","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"42","key":"2265_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabj8958","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj8958","volume":"7","author":"M Clevenger","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Clevenger, H. Kim, H.W. Song, K. No, S. Lee, Binder-free printed PEDOT wearable sensors on everyday fabrics using oxidative chemical vapor deposition. Sci. Adv. 7(42), eabj8958 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abj8958","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01902-1","volume":"18","author":"L Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"L. Lu, B. Sun, Z. Wang, J. Meng, T. Wang, Two-dimensional MXene-based advanced sensors for neuromorphic computing intelligent application. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 64 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01902-1","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01787-0","volume":"17","author":"K Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"K. Wang, S. Ren, Y. Jia, X. Yan, L. Wang et al., MXene-Ti3C2Tx-based neuromorphic computing: physical mechanisms, performance enhancement, and cutting-edge computing. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 273 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01787-0","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01635-7","volume":"17","author":"N Goel","year":"2025","unstructured":"N. Goel, R. Kumar, Physics of 2D materials for developing smart devices. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 197 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01635-7","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105187","volume":"78","author":"M Chao","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Chao, Y. Wang, D. Ma, X. Wu, W. Zhang et al., Wearable MXene nanocomposites-based strain sensor with tile-like stacked hierarchical microstructure for broad-range ultrasensitive sensing. Nano Energy 78, 105187 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105187","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"27","key":"2265_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32569","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c05870","volume":"15","author":"Z Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Z. Xu, D. Zhang, Z. Li, C. Du, Y. Yang et al., Waterproof flexible pressure sensors based on electrostatic self-assembled MXene\/NH2-CNTs for motion monitoring and electronic skin. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15(27), 32569\u201332579 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.3c05870","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01605-z","volume":"17","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Xiao, H. Li, T. Gu, X. Jia, S. Sun et al., Ti3C2Tx composite aerogels enable pressure sensors for dialect speech recognition assisted by deep learning. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 101 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01605-z","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"19","key":"2265_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010962","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010962","volume":"31","author":"Y Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y. Su, C. Chen, H. Pan, Y. Yang, G. Chen et al., Muscle fibers inspired high-performance piezoelectric textiles for wearable physiological monitoring. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(19), 2010962 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202010962","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02101-2","volume":"18","author":"W He","year":"2026","unstructured":"W. He, Y. Zhang, P. Zhang, Y. Liu, G. Wu et al., A fully biomimetic flexible sensor inspired by the natural layered structure of eggshells for multimodal human\u2013computer interaction. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 244 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02101-2","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16642-6","volume":"11","author":"K Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"K. Dong, X. Peng, J. An, A.C. Wang, J. Luo et al., Shape adaptable and highly resilient 3D braided triboelectric nanogenerators as e-textiles for power and sensing. Nat. Commun. 11, 2868 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16642-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-02003-9","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, S. Qiu, K. Du, S. Wu, T. Xiang et al., Artificial intelligence-enhanced wearable blood pressure monitoring in resource-limited settings: a co-design of sensors, model, and deployment. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 164 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-02003-9","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01753-w","volume":"17","author":"J Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Chang, J. Li, J. Ye, B. Zhang, J. Chen et al., AI-enabled piezoelectric wearable for joint torque monitoring. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 247 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01753-w","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01930-x","volume":"18","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"W. Wang, J. Zhu, H. Zhao, F. Yao, Y. Zhang et al., A reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array for versatile human\u2013machine\u2013environment interaction. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 76 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01930-x","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02103-0","volume":"18","author":"K Munirathinam","year":"2026","unstructured":"K. Munirathinam, L. Li, A. Shanmugasundaram, J. Park, D.-W. Lee, Air-breakdown triboelectric nanogenerator inspired by transistor architecture for low-force human\u2013machine interfaces. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 251 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02103-0","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143334","volume":"466","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"J. Wang, H. Yue, Z. Du, X. Cheng, H. Wang et al., Highly flexible phase-change film with solar thermal storage and sensitive motion detection for wearable thermal management. Chem. Eng. J. 466, 143334 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143334","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2265_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166828","volume":"521","author":"S Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"S. Wu, J. Lu, H. Gao, Y. Yang, N. He et al., A multifunctional wearable patch based on hydrogel for strain sensing and epidermal sweat-analyzing. Chem. Eng. J. 521, 166828 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166828","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2265_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102469","volume":"59","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Z. Li, H. Xu, Z. Deng, B. Guo, J. Zhang, Low modulus hydrogel-like elastomer sensors with ultra-fast self-healing, underwater self-adhesion, high durability\/stability and recyclability for bioelectronics. Nano Today 59, 102469 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102469","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"2265_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15921","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c19368","volume":"17","author":"H Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"H. Ye, T. Dong, S. Wu, G. Han, Q. Chen et al., Thermoresponsive and strain-sensitive hydrogels with inscribable transparency-based dynamic memory behaviors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 17(10), 15921\u201315937 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.4c19368","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"11","key":"2265_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay0418","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay0418","volume":"5","author":"S-H Byun","year":"2019","unstructured":"S.-H. Byun, J.Y. Sim, Z. Zhou, J. Lee, R. Qazi et al., Mechanically transformative electronics, sensors, and implantable devices. Sci. Adv. 5(11), eaay0418 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aay0418","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-018-0086-6","volume":"10","author":"A Choe","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Choe, J. Yeom, R. Shanker, M.P. Kim, S. Kang et al., Stretchable and wearable colorimetric patches based on thermoresponsive plasmonic microgels embedded in a hydrogel film. NPG Asia Mater. 10(9), 912\u2013922 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41427-018-0086-6","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110630","volume":"135","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Z. Li, Y. Lu, D. Xiao, Y. Sun, Y. Xu et al., Stretchable, self-healing, temperature-tolerant, multiple dynamic interaction-enabled conductive biomass eutectogels for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Nano Energy 135, 110630 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110630","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2265_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wees.2025.08.001","volume":"2","author":"K-X Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"K.-X. Hou, C.-H. Li, Self-healing materials for wearable electronics. Wearable Electron. 2, 270\u2013290 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wees.2025.08.001","journal-title":"Wearable Electron."},{"key":"2265_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.04.077","volume":"247","author":"Y He","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. He, W. Li, N. Han, J. Wang, X. Zhang, Facile flexible reversible thermochromic membranes based on micro\/nanoencapsulated phase change materials for wearable temperature sensor. Appl. Energy 247, 615\u2013629 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.04.077","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"24","key":"2265_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200463","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202200463","volume":"32","author":"D-H Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"D.-H. Kim, J. Bae, J. Lee, J. Ahn, W.-T. Hwang et al., Porous nanofiber membrane: rational platform for highly sensitive thermochromic sensor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(24), 2200463 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202200463","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.168746","volume":"523","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"W. Zhang, S. Luan, Y. Fang, L. Zhu, Y. Yang et al., Dynamic reversible thermochromic camouflage smart textiles for temperature visualized personal healthcare and thermal management. Chem. Eng. J. 523, 168746 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.168746","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00164D","volume":"23","author":"N Hou","year":"2023","unstructured":"N. Hou, H. Wang, A. Zhang, L. Li, X. Li et al., Flexible coaxial composite fiber based on carbon nanotube and thermochromic particles for multifunctional sensor and wearable electronics. Lab Chip 23(9), 2294\u20132303 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3LC00164D","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"26","key":"2265_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31129","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c06521","volume":"13","author":"D-P Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"D.-P. Wang, Z.-H. Zhao, C.-H. Li, Universal self-healing poly(dimethylsiloxane) polymer crosslinked predominantly by physical entanglements. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(26), 31129\u201331139 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.1c06521","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2265_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35810-y","volume":"14","author":"F Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"F. Sun, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Wang, Q. Qi et al., Vascular smooth muscle-inspired architecture enables soft yet tough self-healing materials for durable capacitive strain-sensor. Nat. Commun. 14, 130 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-35810-y","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00524-0","volume":"9","author":"H Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"H. Xue, D. Wang, M. Jin, H. Gao, X. Wang et al., Hydrogel electrodes with conductive and substrate-adhesive layers for noninvasive long-term EEG acquisition. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 9, 79 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-023-00524-0","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c00906","volume":"14","author":"W Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"W. Zhou, S. Yao, H. Wang, Q. Du, Y. Ma et al., Gas-permeable, ultrathin, stretchable epidermal electronics with porous electrodes. ACS Nano 14(5), 5798\u20135805 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.0c00906","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-022-00911-8","volume":"14","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Yang, T. Cui, D. Li, S. Ji, Z. Chen et al., Breathable electronic skins for daily physiological signal monitoring. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 161 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-022-00911-8","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"2265_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311633","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311633","volume":"36","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, J. Fu, Y. Ding, A.A. Babar, X. Song et al., Thermal and moisture managing E-textiles enabled by Janus hierarchical gradient honeycombs. Adv. Mater. 36(13), 2311633 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202311633","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"37","key":"2265_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905565","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905565","volume":"29","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"J.-H. Lee, J. Kim, D. Liu, F. Guo, X. Shen et al., Highly aligned, anisotropic carbon nanofiber films for multidirectional strain sensors with exceptional selectivity. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(37), 1905565 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201905565","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf0575","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf0575","volume":"9","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y. Xu, Y. Su, X. Xu, B. Arends, G. Zhao et al., Porous liquid metal\u2013elastomer composites with high leakage resistance and antimicrobial property for skin-interfaced bioelectronics. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf0575 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adf0575","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108201","volume":"108","author":"M Chao","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. Chao, P. Di, Y. Yuan, Y. Xu, L. Zhang et al., Flexible breathable photothermal-therapy epidermic sensor with MXene for ultrasensitive wearable human-machine interaction. Nano Energy 108, 108201 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108201","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2265_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107022","volume":"95","author":"X Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"X. Cui, J. Chen, W. Wu, Y. Liu, H. Li et al., Flexible and breathable all-nanofiber iontronic pressure sensors with ultraviolet shielding and antibacterial performances for wearable electronics. Nano Energy 95, 107022 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c05331","volume":"6","author":"L Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"L. Fan, X. Yang, H. Sun, Pressure sensors combining porous electrodes and electrospun nanofiber-based ionic membranes. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 6(5), 3560\u20133571 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsanm.2c05331","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01780-7","volume":"17","author":"K Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"K. Zheng, C. Zheng, L. Zhu, B. Yang, X. Jin et al., Machine learning enabled reusable adhesion, entangled network-based hydrogel for long-term, high-fidelity EEG recording and attention assessment. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 281 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01780-7","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"2265_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103174","volume":"24","author":"B Ying","year":"2021","unstructured":"B. Ying, X. Liu, Skin-like hydrogel devices for wearable sensing, soft robotics and beyond. iScience 24(11), 103174 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103174","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"10","key":"2265_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8151","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.3c01368","volume":"5","author":"X Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"X. Ge, Y. Guo, C. Gong, R. Han, J. Feng et al., High-conductivity, low-impedance, and high-biological-adaptability ionic conductive hydrogels for ear-EEG acquisition. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 5(10), 8151\u20138158 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsapm.3c01368","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2265_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14425","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b23400","volume":"12","author":"H Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Min, S. Jang, D.W. Kim, J. Kim, S. Baik et al., Highly air\/water-permeable hierarchical mesh architectures for stretchable underwater electronic skin patches. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(12), 14425\u201314432 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.9b23400","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2265_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142350","volume":"463","author":"B Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"B. Chen, Z. Qian, G. Song, Z. Zhuang, X. Sun et al., Gas-permeable and stretchable on-skin electronics based on a gradient porous elastomer and self-assembled silver nanowires. Chem. Eng. J. 463, 142350 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142350","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.12854","volume":"8","author":"M Dulal","year":"2025","unstructured":"M. Dulal, H.R.M. Modha, J. Liu, M.R. Islam, C. Carr et al., Sustainable, wearable, and eco-friendly electronic textiles. Energy Environ. Mater. 8(3), e12854 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eem2.12854","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01627-7","volume":"17","author":"Y Jung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Jung, K.R. Pyun, S. Yu, J. Ahn, J. Kim et al., Laser-induced nanowire percolation interlocking for ultrarobust soft electronics. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 127 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01627-7","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00299-y","volume":"8","author":"D Jung","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Jung, H. Ju, S. Cho, T. Lee, C. Hong et al., Multilayer stretchable electronics with designs enabling a compact lateral form. npj Flex. Electron. 8, 13 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-024-00299-y","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"51","key":"2265_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906551","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201906551","volume":"29","author":"EP Yalcintas","year":"2019","unstructured":"E.P. Yalcintas, K.B. Ozutemiz, T. Cetinkaya, L. Dalloro, C. Majidi et al., Soft electronics manufacturing using microcontact printing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(51), 1906551 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201906551","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35289","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35289","volume":"6","author":"T Vuorinen","year":"2016","unstructured":"T. Vuorinen, J. Niittynen, T. Kankkunen, T.M. Kraft, M. M\u00e4ntysalo, Inkjet-printed graphene\/PEDOT: PSS temperature sensors on a skin-conformable polyurethane substrate. Sci. Rep. 6, 35289 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep35289","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2265_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45287-y","volume":"15","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"P. Wang, X. Ma, Z. Lin, F. Chen, Z. Chen et al., Well-defined in-textile photolithography towards permeable textile electronics. Nat. Commun. 15, 887 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45287-y","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14814-y","volume":"11","author":"M-G Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"M.-G. Kim, D.K. Brown, O. Brand, Nanofabrication for all-soft and high-density electronic devices based on liquid metal. Nat. Commun. 11, 1002 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-14814-y","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"49","key":"2265_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68016","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c17939","volume":"16","author":"Y Kwon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Kwon, J. Kim, H. Kim, T.W. Kang, J. Lee et al., Printed nanomaterials for all-in-one integrated flexible wearables and bioelectronics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16(49), 68016\u201368026 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.4c17939","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"29","key":"2265_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801852","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801852","volume":"30","author":"M Tavakoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Tavakoli, M.H. Malakooti, H. Paisana, Y. Ohm, D. Green Marques et al., EGaIn-assisted room-temperature sintering of silver nanoparticles for stretchable, inkjet-printed, thin-film electronics. Adv. Mater. 30(29), 1801852 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201801852","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-020-00195-1","volume":"80","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Liu, B. Pang, R. Xue, R. Li, J. Song et al., Sacrificial layer-assisted nanoscale transfer printing. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 80, 80 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-020-00195-1","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"issue":"19","key":"2265_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414834","volume":"12","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"W. Wang, J. Liu, H. Li, Y. Zhao, R. Wan, Q. Wang et al., Photopatternable PEDOT: PSS hydrogels for high-resolution photolithography. Adv. Sci. 12(19), 2414834 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202414834","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c05140","volume":"17","author":"Y Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y. Luo, M.R. Abidian, J.-H. Ahn, D. Akinwande, A.M. Andrews et al., Technology roadmap for flexible sensors. ACS Nano 17(6), 5211\u20135295 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsanm.2c05140","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"17","key":"2265_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202400487","volume":"9","author":"H Kawakami","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Kawakami, K. Nagatake, S. Ni, F. Nakamura, T. Takano et al., R2R-based continuous production of patterned and multilayered elastic substrates with liquid metal wiring for stretchable electronics. Adv. Mater. Technol. 9(17), 2400487 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.202400487","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"2265_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00625-w","volume":"149","author":"R Jiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"R. Jiao, R. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.K. Cheung, X. Chen, X. Wang et al., Vertical serpentine interconnect-enabled stretchable and curved electronics. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 149, 149 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-023-00625-w","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"2265_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52046-6","volume":"7802","author":"S-B Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"S.-B. Kim, D. Lee, J. Kim, T. Kim, J.H. Sim et al., 3D height-alternant island arrays for stretchable OLEDs with high active area ratio and maximum strain. Nat. Commun. 7802, 7802 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-52046-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"15","key":"2265_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadk9460","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk9460","volume":"10","author":"L Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"L. Sun, J. Wang, H. Matsui, S. Lee, W. Wang et al., All-solution-processed ultraflexible wearable sensor enabled with universal trilayer structure for organic optoelectronic devices. Sci. Adv. 10(15), eadk9460 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adk9460","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.201900178","volume":"2","author":"D Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Kim, J. Kwon, B. Jeon, Y.-L. Park, Adaptive calibration of soft sensors using optimal transportation transfer learning for mass production and long-term usage. Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(6), 1900178 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.201900178","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"20","key":"2265_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202415272","volume":"12","author":"W Babatain","year":"2025","unstructured":"W. Babatain, C. Park, H. Ishii, N. Gershenfeld, Laser-enabled fabrication of flexible printed electronics with integrated functional devices. Adv. Sci. 12(20), 2415272 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202415272","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"36","key":"2265_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402221","volume":"36","author":"D Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Guo, T. Pan, F. Li, W. Wang, X. Jia et al., Scalable fabrication of large-scale, 3D, and stretchable circuits. Adv. Mater. 36(36), 2402221 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202402221","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00344-w","volume":"8","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Huang, G. Li, T. Bai, Y. Shin, X. Wang et al., Flexible electronic-photonic 3D integration from ultrathin polymer chiplets. npj Flex. Electron. 8, 61 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-024-00344-w","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"11","key":"2265_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2879","volume":"9","author":"R-H Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"R.-H. Kim, D.-H. Kim, J. Xiao, B.H. Kim, S.-I. Park et al., Waterproof AlInGaP optoelectronics on stretchable substrates with applications in biomedicine and robotics. Nat. Mater. 9(11), 929\u2013937 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat2879","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"2265_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabd3716","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd3716","volume":"7","author":"C Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"C. Lim, Y.J. Hong, J. Jung, Y. Shin, S.-H. Sunwoo et al., Tissue-like skin-device interface for wearable bioelectronics by using ultrasoft, mass-permeable, and low-impedance hydrogels. Sci. Adv. 7(19), eabd3716 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd3716","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"8","key":"2265_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads6892","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads6892","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Wang, Y. Zhao, L. Yu, J. Lin, C. Dai et al., Deformation-tolerant, wireless-charging microbatteries for seamlessly integrated omnidirectional stretchable electronics. Sci. Adv. 11(8), eads6892 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.ads6892","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6593","key":"2265_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj9912","volume":"376","author":"B Park","year":"6593","unstructured":"B. Park, J.H. Shin, J. Ok, S. Park, W. Jung et al., Cuticular pad\u2013inspired selective frequency damper for nearly dynamic noise\u2013free bioelectronics. Science 376(6593), 624\u2013629 (6593). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abj9912","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2265_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111615","volume":"111615","author":"S Wu","year":"2026","unstructured":"S. Wu, Y. Han, M. Kang, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Self-powered heart real-time monitoring system based on triboelectric and piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator and artificial intelligence technology. Nano Energy 111615, 111615 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111615","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2265_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14054-9","volume":"209","author":"N Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"N. Bai, L. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Deng, Y. Wang et al., Graded intrafillable architecture-based iontronic pressure sensor with ultra-broad-range high sensitivity. Nat. Commun. 209, 209 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-14054-9","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49864-z","volume":"5596","author":"W Xiong","year":"2024","unstructured":"W. Xiong, F. Zhang, S. Qu, L. Yin, K. Li et al., Marangoni-driven deterministic formation of softer, hollow microstructures for sensitivity-enhanced tactile system. Nat. Commun. 5596, 5596 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-49864-z","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.112173","volume":"112173","author":"Q Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Q. Zou, S. Li, T. Xue, Z. Ma, Z. Lei et al., Highly sensitive ionic pressure sensor with broad sensing range based on interlaced ridge-like microstructure. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 112173, 112173 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2020.112173","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"issue":"43","key":"2265_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408082","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"X. Chen, Y. Luo, Y. Chen, S. Li, S. Deng et al., Biomimetic contact behavior inspired tactile sensing array with programmable microdomes pattern by scalable and consistent fabrication. Adv. Sci. 11(43), 2408082 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202408082","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07613","volume":"12","author":"Y Pang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Pang, K. Zhang, Z. Yang, S. Jiang, Z. Ju et al., Epidermis microstructure inspired graphene pressure sensor with random distributed spinosum for high sensitivity and large linearity. ACS Nano 12(3), 2346\u20132354 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b07613","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c01095","volume":"3","author":"Z Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Z. Yue, Y. Zhu, J. Xia, Y. Wang, X. Ye et al., Sponge graphene aerogel pressure sensors with an extremely wide operation range for human recognition and motion detection. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(3), 1301\u20131310 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsaelm.0c01095","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304871","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304871","volume":"11","author":"M Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"M. Xia, J. Liu, B.J. Kim, Y. Gao, Y. Zhou et al., Kirigami-structured, low-impedance, and skin-conformal electronics for long-term biopotential monitoring and human\u2013machine interfaces. Adv. Sci. 11(1), 2304871 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202304871","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2265_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29859-4","volume":"13","author":"R Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"R. Lin, H.-J. Kim, S. Achavananthadith, Z. Xiong, J.K.W. Lee et al., Digitally-embroidered liquid metal electronic textiles for wearable wireless systems. Nat. Commun. 13, 2190 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29859-4","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108461","volume":"112","author":"Z He","year":"2023","unstructured":"Z. He, Y. Wang, H. Xiao, Y. Wu, X. Xia et al., Highly stretchable, deformation-stable wireless powering antenna for wearable electronics. Nano Energy 112, 108461 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108461","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2265_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21701-7","volume":"12","author":"L Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"L. Yin, K.N. Kim, J. Lv, F. Tehrani, M. Lin et al., A self-sustainable wearable multi-modular E-textile bioenergy microgrid system. Nat. Commun. 12, 1542 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21701-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00441-1","volume":"12","author":"W Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"W. Zhang, H. Guan, T. Zhong, T. Zhao, L. Xing et al., Wearable battery-free perspiration analyzing sites based on sweat flowing on ZnO nanoarrays. Nano-Micro Lett. 12(1), 105 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-020-00441-1","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19367-8","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, Z. Huo, X. Wang, X. Han, W. Wu et al., High precision epidermal radio frequency antenna via nanofiber network for wireless stretchable multifunction electronics. Nat. Commun. 11, 5629 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19367-8","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"17","key":"2265_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309050","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309050","volume":"11","author":"Z Kou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Z. Kou, C. Zhang, B. Yu, H. Chen, Z. Liu et al., Wearable all-fabric hybrid energy harvester to simultaneously harvest radiofrequency and triboelectric energy. Adv. Sci. 11(17), 2309050 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202309050","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"44","key":"2265_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61463","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c14998","volume":"17","author":"C Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"C. Zhao, Y. Pang, Y. Li, T. Zhou, Y. Wang et al., A multifunctional all-nanofiber membrane-based triboelectric nanogenerator for biomechanical energy harvesting and motion sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 17(44), 61463\u201361476 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5c14998","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-023-01235-x","volume":"16","author":"T Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"T. Sun, B. Feng, J. Huo, Y. Xiao, W. Wang et al., Artificial intelligence meets flexible sensors: emerging smart flexible sensing systems driven by machine learning and artificial synapses. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 14 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-023-01235-x","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29083-0","volume":"1401","author":"Y Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Lu, H. Tian, J. Cheng, F. Zhu, B. Liu et al., Decoding lip language using triboelectric sensors with deep learning. Nat. Commun. 1401, 1401 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29083-0","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9759601","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9759601","volume":"2021","author":"M Zhuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Zhuang, L. Yin, Y. Wang, Y. Bai, J. Zhan et al., Highly robust and wearable facial expression recognition via deep-learning-assisted, soft epidermal electronics. Research 2021, 9759601 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/2021\/9759601","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"26","key":"2265_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav1488","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aav1488","volume":"4","author":"TG Thuruthel","year":"2019","unstructured":"T.G. Thuruthel, B. Shih, C. Laschi, M.T. Tolley, Soft robot perception using embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks. Sci. Robot. 4(26), eaav1488 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aav1488","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2021.0012","volume":"9","author":"P Gardner","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Gardner, F. Iida, Closing the control loop with time-variant embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks. Soft Rob. 9(6), 1167\u20131176 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/soro.2021.0012","journal-title":"Soft Rob."},{"issue":"23","key":"2265_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2501220122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2501220122","volume":"122","author":"Y Du","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Du, J. Gu, S. Duan et al., A skin-interfaced wireless wearable device and data analytics approach for sleep-stage and disorder detection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 122(23), e2501220122 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2501220122","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2265_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-023-00246-3","volume":"20","author":"H Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"H. Lee, S. Lee, J. Kim, H. Jung, K.J. Yoon et al., Stretchable array electromyography sensor with graph neural network for static and dynamic gestures recognition system. npj Flex. Electron. 20, 20 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-023-00246-3","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"2265_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68858-7","volume":"2108","author":"A Ortone","year":"2026","unstructured":"A. Ortone, M. Filosa, G. Indiveri, G. Desoli, A. Mazzoni et al., Bioinspired spiking architecture enables energy constrained touch encoding. Nat. Commun. 2108, 2108 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-68858-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Kim, Y.-L. Park, Contact localization and force estimation of soft tactile sensors using artificial intelligence. 2018 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), IEEE, 7480\u20137485. 2019 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2018.8593440","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2018.8593440"},{"key":"2265_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03612-1","volume":"319","author":"B Ibrahim","year":"2022","unstructured":"B. Ibrahim, R. Jafari, Cuffless blood pressure monitoring from a wristband with calibration-free algorithms for sensing location based on bio-impedance sensor array and autoencoder. Sci. Rep. 319, 319 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03612-1","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-00510-8","volume":"4","author":"A Moin","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Moin, A. Zhou, A. Rahimi, A. Menon, S. Benatti et al., A wearable biosensing system with in-sensor adaptive machine learning for hand gesture recognition. Nat. Electron. 4(1), 54\u201363 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-020-00510-8","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00622-8","volume":"5","author":"D Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"D. Hu, F. Giorgio-Serchi, S. Zhang, Y. Yang, Stretchable e-skin and transformer enable high-resolution morphological reconstruction for soft robots. Nat. Mach. Intell. 5(3), 261\u2013272 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-023-00622-8","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"34","key":"2265_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22734","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05851","volume":"18","author":"X Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"X. Xiao, J. Yin, J. Xu, T. Tat, J. Chen, Advances in machine learning for wearable sensors. ACS Nano 18(34), 22734\u201322751 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.4c05851","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"9","key":"2265_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14097","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c04043","volume":"16","author":"M Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Zhu, Z. Sun, C. Lee, Soft modular glove with multimodal sensing and augmented haptic feedback enabled by materials\u2019 multifunctionalities. ACS Nano 16(9), 14097\u201314110 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c04043","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00780-9","volume":"6","author":"A Tashakori","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. Tashakori, Z. Jiang, A. Servati, S. Soltanian, H. Narayana et al., Capturing complex hand movements and object interactions using machine learning-powered stretchable smart textile gloves. Nat. Mach. Intell. 6(1), 106\u2013118 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-023-00780-9","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2265_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110110","volume":"110110","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Liu, D. Li, H. Chu, Y. Ding, Z. Fu et al., Ultra-stretchable triboelectric touch pad with sandpaper micro-surfaces for Transformer-assisted gesture recognition. Nano Energy 110110, 110110 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110110","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2265_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53654-y","volume":"9513","author":"C Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"C. Jiang, W. Xu, Y. Li, Z. Yu, L. Wang et al., Capturing forceful interaction with deformable objects using a deep learning-powered stretchable tactile array. Nat. Commun. 9513, 9513 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53654-y","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78764-x","volume":"27543","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"L. Chen, Y. Zhu, M. Li, Tactile-GAT: tactile graph attention networks for robot tactile perception classification. Sci. Rep. 27543, 27543 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-78764-x","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400913","volume":"7","author":"S Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"S. Zhou, D. Kong, M. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Lu et al., Unlocking dynamic subtle stimuli tactile perception: a deep learning-enhanced super-resolution tactile sensor array with rapid response. Adv. Intell. Syst. 7(5), 2400913 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202400913","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200050","volume":"4","author":"D Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"D. Kong, G. Yang, G. Pang, Z. Ye, H. Lv et al., Bioinspired co-design of tactile sensor and deep learning algorithm for human\u2013robot interaction. Adv. Intell. Syst. 4(6), 2200050 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202200050","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"6696","key":"2265_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf3708","volume":"384","author":"L Chen","year":"6696","unstructured":"L. Chen, S. Karilanova, S. Chaki, C. Wen, L. Wang et al., Spike timing-based coding in neuromimetic tactile system enables dynamic object classification. Science 384(6696), 660\u2013665 (6696). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adf3708","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"32","key":"2265_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aax2198","volume":"4","author":"WW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"W.W. Lee, Y.J. Tan, H. Yao, S. Li, H.H. See et al., A neuro-inspired artificial peripheral nervous system for scalable electronic skins. Sci. Robot. 4(32), eaax2198 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aax2198","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"2265_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102211","volume":"102211","author":"MS Hajar","year":"2021","unstructured":"M.S. Hajar, M.O. Al-Kadri, H.K. Kalutarage, A survey on wireless body area networks: architecture, security challenges and research opportunities. Comput. Secur. 102211, 102211 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102211","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0186-1","volume":"2","author":"GA Kaissis","year":"2020","unstructured":"G.A. Kaissis, M.R. Makowski, D. R\u00fcckert, R.F. Braren, Secure, privacy-preserving and federated machine learning in medical imaging. Nat. Mach. Intell. 2(6), 305\u2013311 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-020-0186-1","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2265_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-00323-1","volume":"119","author":"N Rieke","year":"2020","unstructured":"N. Rieke, J. Hancox, W. Li, F. Milletar\u00ec, H.R. Roth et al., The future of digital health with federated learning. npj Digit. Med. 119, 119 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-020-00323-1","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"2265_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00489-2","volume":"132","author":"A Sadilek","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Sadilek, L. Liu, D. Nguyen, M. Kamruzzaman, S. Serghiou et al., Privacy-first health research with federated learning. npj Digit. Med. 132, 132 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-021-00489-2","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"2265_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106848","volume":"106848","author":"N Khalid","year":"2023","unstructured":"N. Khalid, A. Qayyum, M. Bilal, A. Al-Fuqaha, J. Qadir, Privacy-preserving artificial intelligence in healthcare: techniques and applications. Comput. Biol. Med. 106848, 106848 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106848","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"28","key":"2265_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba1178","volume":"6","author":"S Ham","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Ham, M. Kang, S. Jang, J. Jang, S. Choi et al., One-dimensional organic artificial multi-synapses enabling electronic textile neural network for wearable neuromorphic applications. Sci. Adv. 6(28), eaba1178 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aba1178","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b04023","volume":"19","author":"BC Jang","year":"2019","unstructured":"B.C. Jang, S. Kim, S.Y. Yang, J. Park, J.-H. Cha et al., Polymer analog memristive synapse with atomic-scale conductive filament for flexible neuromorphic computing system. Nano Lett. 19(2), 839\u2013849 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b04023","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17870-6","volume":"4030","author":"RA John","year":"2020","unstructured":"R.A. John, N. Tiwari, M.I.B. Patdillah, M.R. Kulkarni, N. Tiwari et al., Self healable neuromorphic memtransistor elements for decentralized sensory signal processing in robotics. Nat. Commun. 4030, 4030 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17870-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2265_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8283","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02089","volume":"16","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Wang, D. Liu, Y. Zhang, L. Fan, Q. Ren et al., Stretchable temperature-responsive multimodal neuromorphic electronic skin with spontaneous synaptic plasticity recovery. ACS Nano 16(5), 8283\u20138293 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c02089","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01940-9","volume":"18","author":"A Gui","year":"2026","unstructured":"A. Gui, H. Mu, R. Yang, G. Zhang, S. Lin, Multisensory neuromorphic devices: from physics to integration. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 113 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01940-9","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"2265_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01250-9","volume":"7","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Liu, X. Tian, J. Bai, S. Wang, S. Dai et al., A wearable in-sensor computing platform based on stretchable organic electrochemical transistors. Nat. Electron. 7(12), 1176\u20131185 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-024-01250-9","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"2265_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-025-00472-x","volume":"90","author":"X Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"X. Tian, J. Bai, D. Liu, G. Lu, S. Zhang, A fully-integrated flexible in-sensor computing circuit based on gel-gated organic electrochemical transistors. npj Flex. Electron. 90, 90 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-025-00472-x","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"2265_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37402-2","volume":"14","author":"X Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"X. Ji, X. Lin, J. Rivnay, Organic electrochemical transistors as on-site signal amplifiers for electrochemical aptamer-based sensing. Nat. Commun. 14, 1665 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37402-2","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2265_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3054","volume":"10","author":"T Ohno","year":"2011","unstructured":"T. Ohno, T. Hasegawa, T. Tsuruoka, K. Terabe, J.K. Gimzewski et al., Short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation mimicked in single inorganic synapses. Nat. Mater. 10(8), 591\u2013595 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat3054","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"50","key":"2265_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabl5068","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl5068","volume":"7","author":"I Krauhausen","year":"2021","unstructured":"I. Krauhausen, D.A. Koutsouras, A. Melianas, S.T. Keene, K. Lieberth et al., Organic neuromorphic electronics for sensorimotor integration and learning in robotics. Sci. Adv. 7(50), eabl5068 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abl5068","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48881-2","volume":"15","author":"I Krauhausen","year":"2024","unstructured":"I. Krauhausen, S. Griggs, I. McCulloch, J.M.J. den Toonder, P. Gkoupidenis et al., Bio-inspired multimodal learning with organic neuromorphic electronics for behavioral conditioning in robotics. Nat. Commun. 15, 4765 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48881-2","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01825-x","volume":"18","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Z. Zhu, J. Shui, T. Wang, J. Meng, Mechanical properties analysis of flexible memristors for neuromorphic computing. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 2 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01825-x","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36205-9","volume":"14","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"X. Wu, S. Wang, W. Huang, Y. Dong, Z. Wang et al., Wearable in-sensor reservoir computing using optoelectronic polymers with through-space charge-transport characteristics for multi-task learning. Nat. Commun. 14, 468 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-36205-9","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"19","key":"2265_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300659","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300659","volume":"10","author":"H Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"H. Kim, M. Kim, A. Lee, H.-L. Park, J. Jang et al., Organic memristor-based flexible neural networks with bio-realistic synaptic plasticity for complex combinatorial optimization. Adv. Sci. 10(19), 2300659 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202300659","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2265_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28483-6","volume":"13","author":"PC Harikesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"P.C. Harikesh, C.-Y. Yang, D. Tu, J.Y. Gerasimov, A.M. Dar et al., Organic electrochemical neurons and synapses with ion mediated spiking. Nat. Commun. 13, 901 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28483-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60703-7","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Chen, J. Cao, J. Qiu, D. Yang, M. Liu et al., Capacitive in-sensor tactile computing. Nat. Commun. 16, 5691 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-60703-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7923","key":"2265_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04992-8","volume":"608","author":"W Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"W. Wan, R. Kubendran, C. Schaefer, S.B. Eryilmaz, W. Zhang et al., A compute-in-memory chip based on resistive random-access memory. Nature 608(7923), 504\u2013512 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04992-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2265_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40770-4","volume":"14","author":"MJ Rasch","year":"2023","unstructured":"M.J. Rasch, C. Mackin, M. Le Gallo, A. Chen, A. Fasoli et al., Hardware-aware training for large-scale and diverse deep learning inference workloads using in-memory computing-based accelerators. Nat. Commun. 14, 5282 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40770-4","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51609-x","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Z. Li, Z. Li, W. Tang, J. Yao, Z. Dou et al., Crossmodal sensory neurons based on high-performance flexible memristors for human-machine in-sensor computing system. Nat. Commun. 15, 7275 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-51609-x","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"2265_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705400","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705400","volume":"30","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Chen, Z. Lou, D. Chen, G. Shen, An artificial flexible visual memory system based on an UV-motivated memristor. Adv. Mater. 30(7), 1705400 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201705400","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16606-w","volume":"11","author":"YR Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y.R. Lee, T.Q. Trung, B.-U. Hwang, N.-E. Lee, A flexible artificial intrinsic-synaptic tactile sensory organ. Nat. Commun. 11(1), 2753 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16606-w","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"2265_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01704-z","volume":"22","author":"J-H Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"J.-H. Kang, H. Shin, K.S. Kim, M.-K. Song, D. Lee et al., Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions. Nat. Mater. 22(12), 1470\u20131477 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-023-01704-z","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43944-2","volume":"14","author":"G Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"G. Zhou, J. Li, Q. Song, L. Wang, Z. Ren et al., Full hardware implementation of neuromorphic visual system based on multimodal optoelectronic resistive memory arrays for versatile image processing. Nat. Commun. 14, 8489 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-43944-2","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01456-8","volume":"16","author":"D Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Kumar, H. Li, D.D. Kumbhar, M.K. Rajbhar, U.K. Das et al., Highly efficient back-end-of-line compatible flexible Si-based optical memristive crossbar array for edge neuromorphic physiological signal processing and bionic machine vision. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 238 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01456-8","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01559-2","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Zhu, T. Nyberg, L. Nyholm, D. Primetzhofer, X. Shi et al., Wafer-scale Ag2S-based memristive crossbar arrays with ultra-low switching-energies reaching biological synapses. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 69 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01559-2","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01335-2","volume":"16","author":"H Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Zhou, S. Li, K.-W. Ang, Y.-W. Zhang, Recent advances in in-memory computing: exploring memristor and memtransistor arrays with 2D materials. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 121 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01335-2","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04484-2","volume":"9","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Li, D. Belkin, Y. Li, P. Yan, M. Hu et al., Efficient and self-adaptive in-situ learning in multilayer memristor neural networks. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 2385 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04484-2","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01368-7","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, L. Chu, W. Li, A fully-integrated memristor chip for edge learning. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 166 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01368-7","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01850-w","volume":"18","author":"Y Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Cao, Y. Chen, X. Fan, H. Fu, B. Xu, Advanced design for high-performance and AI chips. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 13 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01850-w","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00869-w","volume":"6","author":"S-I Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"S.-I. Yi, J.D. Kendall, R.S. Williams, S. Kumar, Activity-difference training of deep neural networks using memristor crossbars. Nat. Electron. 6(1), 45\u201351 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-022-00869-w","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"6685","key":"2265_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi9405","volume":"383","author":"W Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"W. Song, M. Rao, Y. Li, C. Li, Y. Zhuo et al., Programming memristor arrays with arbitrarily high precision for analog computing. Science 383(6685), 903\u2013910 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adi9405","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2265_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66240-7","volume":"16","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Liu, J. Lu, S. Tang, R. Zhou, H. Ma et al., Error-aware probabilistic training for memristive neural networks. Nat. Commun. 16, 11494 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-66240-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48682-7","volume":"15","author":"R Kaveh","year":"2024","unstructured":"R. Kaveh, C. Schwendeman, L. Pu, A.C. Arias, R. Muller, Wireless ear EEG to monitor drowsiness. Nat. Commun. 15, 6520 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48682-7","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02095-x","volume":"18","author":"H Sun","year":"2026","unstructured":"H. Sun, L. Chen, T. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Shi et al., Modularly-assembled smart microneedle platform for machine learning-driven personalized health monitoring. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 248 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02095-x","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s44385-025-00038-6","volume":"2","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"H. Li, H.-Y. Yang, F. Lu, W.S. Hee, N. Asefifeyzabadi et al., Towards adaptive bioelectronic wound therapy with integrated real-time diagnostics and machine learning\u2013driven closed-loop control. npj Biomed. Innov. 2, 31 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44385-025-00038-6","journal-title":"npj Biomed. Innov."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01912-z","volume":"18","author":"K Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"K. Sharma, K. Bhunia, S. Chatterjee, M. Perumalsamy, A.A. Saj et al., Deep learning-assisted organogel pressure sensor for alphabet recognition and bio-mechanical motion monitoring. Nano-Micro Lett. 18(1), 63 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-025-01912-z","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63881-6","volume":"8818","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Li, Z. Xu, N. Li, K. Zhang, G. Xiong et al., AI-embodied multi-modal flexible electronic robots with programmable sensing, actuating and self-learning. Nat. Commun. 8818, 8818 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-63881-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01423-3","volume":"16","author":"Y Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Cao, B. Xu, B. Li, H. Fu, Advanced design of soft robots with artificial intelligence. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 214 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01423-3","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01481-7","volume":"16","author":"J Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"J. Hu, H. Qian, S. Han, P. Zhang, Y. Lu, Light-activated virtual sensor array with machine learning for non-invasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 274 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01481-7","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2265_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39472-8","volume":"3741","author":"J Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"J. Lai, H. Tan, J. Wang, L. Ji, J. Guo et al., Practical intelligent diagnostic algorithm for wearable 12-lead ECG via self-supervised learning on large-scale dataset. Nat. Commun. 3741, 3741 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39472-8","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01116-6","volume":"7","author":"C Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"C. Xu, Y. Song, J.R. Sempionatto, S.A. Solomon, Y. Yu et al., A physicochemical-sensing electronic skin for stress response monitoring. Nat. Electron. 7(2), 168\u2013179 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-023-01116-6","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"11","key":"2265_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202200249","volume":"7","author":"LB Baker","year":"2022","unstructured":"L.B. Baker, M.S. Seib, K.A. Barnes, S.D. Brown, M.A. King et al., Skin-interfaced microfluidic system with machine learning-enabled image processing of sweat biomarkers in remote settings. Adv. Mater. Technol. 7(11), 2200249 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.202200249","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2265_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1039\/d3lc01094e","volume":"24","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Z. Chen, W. Wang, H. Tian, W. Yu, Y. Niu et al., Wearable intelligent sweat platform for SERS-AI diagnosis of gout. Lab Chip 24(7), 1996\u20132004 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3lc01094e","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"29","key":"2265_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadw2182","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw2182","volume":"11","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"S. Chen, Z. Guo, B. Lu, M. Sun, S. Wang et al., A wearable device for continuous immunoassay-based monitoring of C-peptide in interstitial fluid. Sci. Adv. 11(29), eadw2182 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adw2182","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"2265_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01213-5","volume":"40","author":"HC Metsky","year":"2022","unstructured":"H.C. Metsky, N.L. Welch, P.P. Pillai, N.J. Haradhvala, L. Rumker et al., Designing sensitive viral diagnostics with machine learning. Nat. Biotechnol. 40(7), 1123\u20131131 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-022-01213-5","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8060612","volume":"8","author":"J Beri\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Beri\u00e1n, I. Bravo, A. Gardel, J.L. L\u00e1zaro, S. Hern\u00e1ndez, A wearable closed-loop insulin delivery system based on low-power SoCs. Electronics 8(6), 612 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics8060612","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"32","key":"2265_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadx6438","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx6438","volume":"11","author":"Y Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y. Zou, Z. Chen, B. Jin, L. Lyu, Y. Xie et al., A closed-loop bioelectronic patch for intelligent blood pressure management. Sci. Adv. 11(32), eadx6438 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adx6438","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"17","key":"2265_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304763","volume":"11","author":"S Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Xu, C. Li, C. Wei, X. Kang, S. Shu et al., Closed-loop wearable device network of intrinsically-controlled, bilateral coordinated functional electrical stimulation for stroke. Adv. Sci. 11(17), 2304763 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202304763","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2265_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62538-8","volume":"7091","author":"J Arnold","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Arnold, P. Pathak, Y. Jin, D. Pont-Esteban, C.M. McCann et al., Personalized ML-based wearable robot control improves impaired arm function. Nat. Commun. 7091, 7091 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-62538-8","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01545-8","volume":"17","author":"Y Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Guo, K. Li, W. Yue, N.-Y. Kim, Y. Li et al., A rapid adaptation approach for dynamic air-writing recognition using wearable wristbands with self-supervised contrastive learning. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 41 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01545-8","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"2265_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202313504","volume":"34","author":"H Yoon","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Yoon, J. Choi, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Min, J.K. Min, D. Kim et al., Adaptive epidermal bioelectronics by highly breathable and stretchable metal nanowire bioelectrodes on electrospun nanofiber membrane. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34(22), 2313504 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202313504","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33457-9","volume":"13","author":"T Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"T. Kim, Y. Shin, K. Kang, K. Kim, G. Kim et al., Ultrathin crystalline-silicon-based strain gauges with deep learning algorithms for silent speech interfaces. Nat. Commun. 13, 5815 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-33457-9","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00315-1","volume":"8","author":"C Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"C. Tang, M. Xu, W. Yi, Z. Zhang, E. Occhipinti et al., Ultrasensitive textile strain sensors redefine wearable silent speech interfaces with high machine learning efficiency. npj Flex. Electron. 8, 27 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-024-00315-1","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408689","volume":"12","author":"B Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"B. Yang, J. Cheng, X. Qu, Y. Song, L. Yang et al., Triboelectric-inertial sensing glove enhanced by charge-retained strategy for human-machine interaction. Adv. Sci. 12(3), 2408689 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202408689","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2265_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaz8693","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz8693","volume":"6","author":"M Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Zhu, Z. Sun, Z. Zhang, Q. Shi, T. He et al., Haptic-feedback smart glove as a creative human-machine interface (HMI) for virtual\/augmented reality applications. Sci. Adv. 6(19), eaaz8693 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz8693","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-021-00119-7","volume":"5","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y. Wang, T. Tang, Y. Xu, Y. Bai, L. Yin et al., All-weather, natural silent speech recognition via machine-learning-assisted tattoo-like electronics. npj Flex. Electron. 5, 20 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41528-021-00119-7","journal-title":"npj Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"48","key":"2265_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54157","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c14918","volume":"14","author":"H Yoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"H. Yoo, E. Kim, J.W. Chung, H. Cho, S. Jeong, H. Kim et al., Silent speech recognition with strain sensors and deep learning analysis of directional facial muscle movement. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14(48), 54157\u201354169 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.2c14918","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"26","key":"2265_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eado9576","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado9576","volume":"10","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Liu, T. Fawden, R. Zhu, G.G. Malliaras, M. Bance, A data-efficient and easy-to-use lip language interface based on wearable motion capture and speech movement reconstruction. Sci. Adv. 10(26), eado9576 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.ado9576","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"2265_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305871","volume":"11","author":"H Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Kim, H.-S. Cha, M. Kim, Y.J. Lee, H. Yi, H.-S. Cha, S.H. Lee et al., AR-enabled persistent human\u2013machine interfaces via a scalable soft electrode array. Adv. Sci. 11(7), 2305871 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202305871","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2265_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01548-5","volume":"17","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Q. Zhou, Q. Ding, Z. Geng, C. Hu, L. Yang et al., A flexible smart healthcare platform conjugated with artificial epidermis assembled by three-dimensionally conductive MOF network for gas and pressure sensing. Nano-Micro Lett. 17(1), 50 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-024-01548-5","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2265_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00558-0","volume":"4","author":"Y Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y. Luo, Y. Li, P. Sharma, W. Shou, K. Wu et al., Learning human\u2013environment interactions using conformal tactile textiles. Nat. Electron. 4(3), 193\u2013201 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-021-00558-0","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"18","key":"2265_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211385","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211385","volume":"35","author":"S Shu","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Shu, Z. Wang, P. Chen, J. Zhong, W. Tang et al., Machine-learning assisted electronic skins capable of proprioception and exteroception in soft robotics. Adv. Mater. 35(18), 2211385 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202211385","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2265_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42722-4","volume":"7121","author":"N Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"N. Bai, Y. Xue, S. Chen, L. Shi, J. Shi et al., A robotic sensory system with high spatiotemporal resolution for texture recognition. Nat. Commun. 7121, 7121 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-42722-4","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51403-9","volume":"7056","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Chen, Z. Zhou, K. Hou, X. Wu, Q. He et al., Artificial organic afferent nerves enable closed-loop tactile feedback for intelligent robot. Nat. Commun. 7056, 7056 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-51403-9","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"51","key":"2265_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202304642","volume":"33","author":"H Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"H. Ju, B. Cha, D. Rus, J. Lee, Closed-loop soft robot control frameworks with coordinated policies based on reinforcement learning and proprioceptive self-sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(51), 2304642 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202304642","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"7758","key":"2265_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1234-z","volume":"569","author":"S Sundaram","year":"7758","unstructured":"S. Sundaram, P. Kellnhofer, Y. Li, J.-Y. Zhu, A. Torralba et al., Learning the signatures of the human grasp using a scalable tactile glove. Nature 569(7758), 698\u2013702 (7758). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1234-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"31","key":"2265_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq2521","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq2521","volume":"8","author":"X Qu","year":"2022","unstructured":"X. Qu, Z. Liu, P. Tan, C. Wang, Y. Liu et al., Artificial tactile perception smart finger for material identification based on triboelectric sensing. Sci. Adv. 8(31), eabq2521 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abq2521","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01053-3","volume":"7","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Z. Zhao, W. Li, Y. Li, T. Liu, B. Li et al., Embedding high-resolution touch across robotic hands enables adaptive human-like grasping. Nat. Mach. Intell. 7(6), 889\u2013900 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-025-01053-3","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2265_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s44182-026-00078-z","volume":"4","author":"L Micklem","year":"2026","unstructured":"L. Micklem, H. Dong, F. Giorgio-Serchi, Y. Yang, B. Thornton et al., Harnessing proprioception in aquatic soft wings enables hybrid passive-active disturbance rejection. npj Robot. 4, 16 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44182-026-00078-z","journal-title":"npj Robot."},{"issue":"30","key":"2265_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadp0348","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp0348","volume":"10","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Qiu, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, K. Shi, Y. Song et al., Quantitative softness and texture bimodal haptic sensors for robotic clinical feature identification and intelligent picking. Sci. Adv. 10(30), eadp0348 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp0348","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2265_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51261-5","volume":"6871","author":"Q Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Q. Mao, Z. Liao, J. Yuan, R. Zhu, Multimodal tactile sensing fused with vision for dexterous robotic housekeeping. Nat. Commun. 6871, 6871 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-51261-5","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2265_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52331-4","volume":"8003","author":"C Son","year":"2024","unstructured":"C. Son, J. Kim, D. Kang, S. Park, C. Ryu et al., Behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor for instantaneous decoupling of dynamic touch signals in real time. Nat. Commun. 8003, 8003 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-52331-4","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2265_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.70004","volume":"7","author":"G Heo","year":"2025","unstructured":"G. Heo, J. Yoon, J. Jeong, Y.W. Kwon, S.W. Hong, Deep learning\u2013powered robust tactile perception: bridging graphene electronic skin and dynamic decoding. Adv. Intell. Syst. 7(6), 70004 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.70004","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"2265_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68753-1","volume":"2101","author":"Z Chen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Z. Chen, N. Ou, X. Zhang, Z. Wu, Y. Zhao et al., Training tactile sensors to learn force sensing from each other. Nat. Commun. 2101, 2101 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-68753-1","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2265_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200339","volume":"5","author":"J Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"J. Yao, Q. Cao, Y. Ju, Y. Sun, R. Liu et al., Adaptive actuation of magnetic soft robots using deep reinforcement learning. Adv. Intell. Syst. 5(2), 2200339 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202200339","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"30","key":"2265_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202308881","volume":"11","author":"SO Demir","year":"2024","unstructured":"S.O. Demir, M.E. Tiryaki, A.C. Karacakol, M. Sitti, Learning soft millirobot multimodal locomotion with sim-to-real transfer. Adv. Sci. 11(30), 2308881 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202308881","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2265_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54327-6","volume":"9978","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"P. Wang, Z. Xie, W. Xin, Z. Tang, X. Yang et al., Sensing expectation enables simultaneous proprioception and contact detection in an intelligent soft continuum robot. Nat. Commun. 9978, 9978 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-54327-6","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Nano-Micro Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:19:18Z","timestamp":1787566758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":237,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-026-02265-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-6706","2150-5551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2311-6706","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-5551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. They have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"419"}}