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However, water also promotes the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, limiting CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR performance. Here we establish interfacial water as a decisive but overlooked design parameter for selective CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -to-ethanol electrolysis. A hetero-solvent microenvironment confining diglyme (DiG) near the Cu catalyst substantially suppresses HER under both neutral and alkaline conditions, where protons are supplied\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    water dissociation.\n                    <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    infrared absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculation results reveal that DiG strengthens the hydrogen-bonding network of interfacial water, reducing free-water population prone to dissociation. Concurrently, the modulated water network effectively hinders solvent-mediated hydrogenation that favors ethylene formation, thereby promoting ethanol formation. Because this strategy modulates the microenvironment rather than the catalyst, it readily extends to Cu\u2013Ag bimetallic catalyst. Moreover, confining hetero-solvent within microenvironment rather than in the bulk electrolyte enables high-current operation at low cell voltages, achieving an ethanol partial current density of 184.2\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 3.6\u00a0V under neutral condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02282-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:28:58Z","timestamp":1783067338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hetero-Solvent Microenvironment for Selective CO2 to Ethanol Electrolysis via Interfacial Water Control"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dohun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seeun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaemin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsic","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoin","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Hyuck","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"47","key":"2282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302382","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202302382","volume":"13","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"C. 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