{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:07:45Z","timestamp":1793336865142,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulm Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T09:04:23Z","timestamp":1549443863000},"page":"43-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["In Vitro Study of the Effect of Breathing Pattern on Aerosol Delivery During High-Flow Nasal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gavin","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"MacLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"86_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02903","volume":"59","author":"L Golshahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golshahi L, Longest PW, Azimi M, Syed A, Hindle M. Intermittent aerosol delivery to the lungs during high-flow nasal cannula therapy. Respir Care. 2014;59(10):1476\u201386.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"86_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.04.007","volume":"103","author":"K Dysart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dysart K, Miller TL, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Research in high-flow therapy: mechanisms of action. Respir Med. 2009;103(10):1400\u20135.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"86_CR3","first-page":"71","volume":"54","author":"S Nava","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nava S, Navalesi P, Gregoretti C. Interfaces and humidification for noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2009;54(1):71\u201384.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"86_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2014.08.003","volume":"78","author":"RL Walenga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walenga RL, Tian G, Hindle M, Yelverton J, Dodson K, Longest PW. Variability in nose-to-lung aerosol delivery. J Aerosol Sci. 2014;78:11\u201329.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"86_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2011.0929","volume":"25","author":"R Dhand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhand R. Aerosol therapy in patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2012;25(2):63\u201378.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"86_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.120","volume":"34","author":"BE de Jongh","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Jongh BE, Locke R, Mackley A, Emberger J, Bostick D, Stefano J, et al. Work of breathing indices in infants with respiratory insufficiency receiving high-flow nasal cannula and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Perinatol. 2014;34(1):27\u201332.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"86_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0957","volume":"121","author":"ZJ Kubicka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kubicka ZJ, Limauro J, Darnall RA. Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy: yet another way to deliver continuous positive airway pressure? Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):82\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066609340622","volume":"24","author":"T Spentzas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spentzas T, Minarik M, Patters AB, Vinson B, Stidham G. Children with respiratory distress treated with high-flow nasal cannula. J Intensive Care Med. 2009;24(5):323\u20138.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.039","volume":"156","author":"C McKiernan","year":"2010","unstructured":"McKiernan C, Chua LC, Visintainer PF, Allen H. High-flow nasal cannulae therapy in infants with bronchiolitis. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):634\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2007.08.001","volume":"20","author":"N Groves","year":"2007","unstructured":"Groves N, Tobin A. High-flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers. Aust Crit Care. 2007;20(4):126\u201331.","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"86_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03996","volume":"60","author":"SE Morgan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morgan SE, Mosakowski S, Solano P, Hall JB, Tung A. High-flow nasal cannula and aerosolized beta agonists for rescue therapy in children with bronchiolitis: a case series. Respir Care. 2015;60(9):e161\u20135.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"86_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2007.0662","volume":"21","author":"AR Bhashyam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhashyam AR, Wolf MT, Marcinkowski AL, Saville A, Thomas K, Carcillo JA, et al. Aerosol delivery through nasal cannulas: an in vitro study. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2008;21(2):181\u20138.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"8","key":"86_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21421","volume":"46","author":"A Ari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ari A, Harwood R, Sheard M, Dailey P, Fink JB. In vitro comparison of heliox and oxygen in aerosol delivery using pediatric high-flow nasal cannula. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011;46(8):795\u2013801.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"6","key":"86_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04042","volume":"60","author":"DR Hess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hess DR. Aerosol therapy during noninvasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula. Respir Care. 2015;60(6):880\u201393.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31828a7f79","volume":"14","author":"SA Perry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perry SA, Kesser KC, Geller DE, Selhorst DM, Rendle JK, Hertzog JH. Influences of cannula size and flow rate on aerosol drug delivery through the Vapotherm humidified high-flow nasal cannula system. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(5):e250\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2012.1006","volume":"26","author":"PW Longest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Longest PW, Walenga RL, Son Y-J, Hindle M. High-efficiency generation and delivery of aerosols through nasal cannula during noninvasive ventilation. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2013;26(5):266\u201379.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"11","key":"86_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23123","volume":"50","author":"FS Sunbul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sunbul FS, Fink JB, Harwood R, Sheard MM, Zimmerman RD, Ari A. Comparison of HFNC, bubble CPAP and SiPAP on aerosol delivery in neonates: an in vitro study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50(11):1099\u2013106.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"86_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-018-0054-x","volume":"4","author":"G Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bennett G, Joyce M, Sweeney L, MacLoughlin R. In vitro determination of the main effects in the design of high-flow nasal therapy systems with respect to aerosol performance. Pulm Ther. 2018;4(1):73\u201386.","journal-title":"Pulm Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"86_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1414OC","volume":"172","author":"OS Usmani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Usmani OS, Biddiscombe MF, Barnes PJ. Regional lung deposition and bronchodilator response as a function of beta2-agonist particle size. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(12):1497\u2013504.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(86)90035-2","volume":"17","author":"J Heyder","year":"1986","unstructured":"Heyder J, Gebhart J, Rudolf G, Schiller CF, Stahlhofen W. Deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract in the size range 0.005\u201315\u00a0\u03bcm. J Aerosol Sci. 1986;17(5):811\u201325.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"86_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1219","volume":"29","author":"F Reminiac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reminiac F, Vecellio L, Heuze-Vourc\u2019h N, Petitcollin A, Respaud R, Cabrera M, Le Pennec D, Diot P, Ehrmann S. Aerosol therapy in adults receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2015;29(2):134\u201341.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"9","key":"86_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05127","volume":"62","author":"PA Dailey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dailey PA, Harwood R, Walsh K, Fink JB, Thayer T, Gagnon G, et al. Aerosol delivery through adult high-flow nasal cannula with heliox and oxygen. Respir Care. 2017;62(9):1186\u201392.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR23","first-page":"427","volume":"18","author":"AP Bosco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bosco AP, Rhem RG, Dolovich MB. In vitro estimations of in vivo jet nebulizer efficiency using actual and simulated tidal breathing patterns. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2005;18(4):427\u201338.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"3","key":"86_CR24","first-page":"325","volume":"16","author":"AP Roth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roth AP, Lange CF, Finlay WH. The effect of breathing pattern on nebulizer drug delivery. J Aerosl Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2003;16(3):325\u201339.","journal-title":"J Aerosl Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"86_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics6010026","volume":"6","author":"J Xi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xi J, Si X, Longest W. Electrostatic charge effects on pharmaceutical aerosol deposition in human nasal-laryngeal airways. Pharmaceutics. 2014;6(1):26\u201335.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"86_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2014.1158","volume":"28","author":"PW Longest","year":"2015","unstructured":"Longest PW, Golshahi L, Behara SR, Tian G, Farkas DR, Hindle M. Efficient nose-to-lung (N2L) aerosol delivery with a dry powder inhaler. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2015;28(3):189\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1252","volume":"29","author":"A Rygg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rygg A, Longest PW. Absorption and clearance of pharmaceutical aerosols in the human nose: development of a CFD model. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2016;29(5):416\u201331.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"86_CR28","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.rddonline.com\/resources\/tools\/pediatric_upper_airway_models.php. Accessed 8 Nov 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"86_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23509","volume":"52","author":"F Reminiac","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reminiac F, Vecellio L, Loughlin RM, Le Pennec D, Cabrera M, Vourc\u2019h NH, et al. Nasal high-flow nebulization in infants and toddlers: an in vitro and in vivo scintigraphic study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(3):337\u201344.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR30","first-page":"433","volume":"14","author":"HM Janssens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Janssens HM, de Jongste JC, Fokkens WJ, Robben SG, Wouters K, Tiddens HA. The Sophia Anatomical Infant Nose\u2013Throat (Saint) model: a valuable tool to study aerosol deposition in infants. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2001;14(4):433\u201341.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0717","volume":"22","author":"R MacLoughlin","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacLoughlin R, Higgins B, Laffey J, O\u2019Brien T. Optimized aerosol delivery to a mechanically ventilated rodent. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2009;22(4):323\u201332.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"86_CR32","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment\u2014Nebulizing systems and components. 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR33","first-page":"293","volume":"48","author":"E Fadda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fadda E, Galimberti E, Cammino S, Bellodi L. Smoking, physical activity and respiratory irregularities in patients with panic disorder. Rivista di psichiatria. 2013;48(4):293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Rivista di psichiatria"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R196-R","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12890","volume":"17","author":"J-M Arnal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arnal J-M, Garnero A, Novonti D, Demory D, Ducros L, Berric A, et al. Feasibility study on full closed-loop control ventilation (IntelliVent-ASV(\u2122)) in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure: a prospective observational comparative study. Crit Care. 2013;17(5):R196-R.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"86_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1753-4","volume":"36","author":"E Kondili","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kondili E, Alexopoulou C, Xirouchaki N, Vaporidi K, Georgopoulos D. Estimation of inspiratory muscle pressure in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(4):648\u201355.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"86_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.5.1982","volume":"85","author":"TM Officer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Officer TM, Pellegrino R, Brusasco V, Rodarte JR. Measurement of pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance with airway obstruction. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85(5):1982\u20138.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"86_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01529","volume":"57","author":"TA Volsko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volsko TA, Hoffman J, Conger A, Chatburn RL. The effect of targeting scheme on tidal volume delivery during volume control mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2012;57(8):1297\u2013304.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"86_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2255-z","volume":"30","author":"E Kondili","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kondili E, Alexopoulou C, Prinianakis G, Xirouchaki N, Georgopoulos D. Pattern of lung emptying and expiratory resistance in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(7):1311\u20138.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"86_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","volume":"372","author":"JP Frat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2185\u201396.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"86_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03606","volume":"60","author":"KK El Taoum","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Taoum KK, Xi J, Kim J, Berlinski A. In vitro evaluation of aerosols delivered via the nasal route. Respir Care. 2015;60(7):1015\u201325.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"86_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1250","volume":"29","author":"RJ Macloughlin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macloughlin RJ, Van Amerongen G, Fink JB, Janssens HM, Duprex PW, De Swart RL. Optimization and dose estimation of aerosol delivery to non-human primates. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2016;29(3):281\u20137.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"11","key":"86_CR42","first-page":"1488","volume":"54","author":"A Bauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauer A, McGlynn P, Bovet LL, Mims PL, Curry LA, Hanrahan JP. The influence of breathing pattern during nebulization on the delivery of arformoterol using a breath simulator. Respir Care. 2009;54(11):1488\u201392.","journal-title":"Respir Care"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T23:41:55Z","timestamp":1724456515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["86"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41030-019-0086-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-1754","2364-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-1754","type":"print"},{"value":"2364-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}