{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:08:45Z","timestamp":1789117725876,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulm Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:25:40Z","timestamp":1784197540000},"page":"805-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Review of Analgesic and Anaesthetic Approaches in Local Anaesthetic (Medical) Thoracoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9040-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasandra","family":"Sutanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duneesha","family":"DeFonseka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Duysinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Aujayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"373_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s43","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219371","volume":"78","author":"R Asciak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asciak R, Bedawi EO, Bhatnagar R, Clive AO, Hassan M, Lloyd H, et\u00a0al. British Thoracic Society clinical statement on pleural procedures. Thorax. 2023;78(Suppl 3):s43-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-219371.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"373_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784","volume":"78","author":"ME Roberts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Rahman NM, Maskell NA, Bibby AC, Blyth KG, Corcoran JP, et\u00a0al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease. Thorax. 2023;78(Suppl 3):s1-42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"166","key":"373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0053-2022","volume":"31","author":"G Martinez-Zayas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinez-Zayas G, Molina S, Ost DE. Sensitivity and complications of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166):220053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0053-2022.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0174-2023","volume":"20","author":"A Aujayeb","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aujayeb A, Astoul P. Use of medical thoracoscopy in managing pleural malignancy. Breathe (Sheff). 2024;20(2):230174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0174-2023.","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"373_CR5","unstructured":"Sparke A. Teach me anatomy [Internet]. 2025. The pleurae. https:\/\/teachmeanatomy.info\/thorax\/organs\/pleurae\/. Accessed 7 Feb 2026."},{"key":"373_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1824-9_19","volume-title":"Treatment of chronic pain by interventional approaches","author":"KE Vorenkamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vorenkamp KE, Kohan LR. Intrapleural catheters. In: Deer TR, Leong MS, Buvanendran A, Kim PS, Panchal SJ, editors. Treatment of Chronic Pain by Interventional Approaches. New York: Springer New York; 2015. p. 185\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-1824-9_19."},{"key":"373_CR7","unstructured":"Intrapleural catheters [Internet]. 2016. https:\/\/radiologykey.com\/intrapleural-catheters\/. Accessed 6 Feb 2026."},{"key":"373_CR8","first-page":"1153","volume-title":"Gray\u2019s anatomy for students","author":"RL Drake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM, Tibbitts R, Richardson P, Horn A, et\u00a0al. Gray\u2019s Anatomy for Students. Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 1153.","edition":"Fourth edition"},{"issue":"5","key":"373_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02738","volume":"59","author":"S Dhooria","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhooria S, Singh N, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Agarwal R. A randomized trial comparing the diagnostic yield of rigid and semirigid thoracoscopy in undiagnosed pleural effusions. Respir Care. 2014;59(5):756\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.02738.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"373_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107119","volume":"207","author":"A Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du A, Hannan L, Muruganandan S. A narrative review on pain control interventions for non-surgical pleural procedures. Respir Med. 2023;207:107119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107119.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"373_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addala D, Sundaralingam A, Bedawi E, Iqbal B, Denniston P, Kanellakis N, et\u00a0al. P126 Patient experiences of malignant pleural effusion management: a qualitative study. In: \u2018Sliding doors\u2019\u2014beyond the drain: new insights in pleural disease [Internet]. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society; 2022 [cited 2026 Feb 6]. p. A148.2\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-BTSabstracts.261. https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-BTSabstracts.261.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-BTSabstracts.261"},{"issue":"5","key":"373_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.019","volume":"163","author":"A Sundaralingam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sundaralingam A, Aujayeb A, Akca B, Tiedeman C, George V, Carling M, et\u00a0al. Achieving molecular profiling in pleural biopsies. Chest. 2023;163(5):1328\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.019.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2016-000171","volume":"4","author":"I Psallidas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Psallidas I, Yousuf A, Talwar A, Hallifax RJ, Mishra EK, Corcoran JP, et\u00a0al. Assessment of patient-reported outcome measures in pleural interventions. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2017;4(1):e000171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2016-000171.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"373_CR14","unstructured":"Horn R, Hendrix JM, Kramer J. Postoperative pain control. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2026 Feb 6]. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK544298\/ (PubMed PMID: 31335018)."},{"issue":"10","key":"373_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1159\/000546341","volume":"104","author":"R Westley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Westley R, Aujayeb A, Bhatnagar R, De Fonseka D. Local anaesthetic thoracoscopy practice in the UK in 2024: a snapshot survey. Respiration. 2025;104(10):730\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000546341.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"373_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.05.017","volume":"133","author":"S Tsim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsim S, Paterson S, Cartwright D, Fong CJ, Alexander L, Kelly C, et\u00a0al. Baseline predictors of negative and incomplete pleural cytology in patients with suspected pleural malignancy\u2014data supporting \u2018direct to LAT\u2019 in selected groups. Lung Cancer. 2019;133:123\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.05.017.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"373_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addala D. A randomised study to assess the feasibility of pleural biopsy and indwelling pleural catheter insertion as a first procedure versus pleural aspiration in suspected malignant pleural effusion [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 6]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN12371566. https:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN12371566.","DOI":"10.1186\/ISRCTN12371566"},{"issue":"3","key":"373_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fhj.2024.100158","volume":"11","author":"S Kiran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiran S, Mavilakandy A, Rahim S, Naeem M, Rawson S, Reed D, et\u00a0al. The role of day-case thoracoscopy at a district general hospital: a real world observational study. Future Healthc J. 2024;11(3):100158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fhj.2024.100158.","journal-title":"Future Healthc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci11010023","volume":"11","author":"M Turner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turner M, Craighead F, MacKenzie JD, Aujayeb A. Day case local anaesthetic thoracoscopy: experience from 2 district general hospitals in the United Kingdom. Med Sci. 2023;11(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci11010023.","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000683","volume":"35","author":"J Hinkelbein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J, Santos J, Costa J, De Robertis E, et\u00a0al. European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(1):6\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000683.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"373_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.585","volume":"127","author":"PN Chhajed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chhajed PN, Kaegi B, Rajasekaran R, Tamm M. Detection of hypoventilation during thoracoscopy. Chest. 2005;127(2):585\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.127.2.585.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"373_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000365663","volume":"88","author":"P Astoul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Astoul P, Maldonado F. Anesthetic drugs managed by pulmonologists during medical thoracoscopy: one size does not fit all! Respiration. 2014;88(4):265\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365663.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"Suppl 58","key":"373_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P493","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003\/erj.44.Suppl_58.P493","volume":"44","author":"A Cottee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cottee A, Saghaie T, Corke P, Peters M. Methoxyflurane as an anaesthetic agent in aversive pleural procedures. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(Suppl 58):P493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003\/erj.44.Suppl_58.P493.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"373_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1159\/000509761","volume":"99","author":"A Koulelidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koulelidis A, Anevlavis S, Nikitidis N, Pappas P, Ntolios P, Karkabounas A, et\u00a0al. Local anesthesia thoracoscopy with versus without midazolam: a randomized controlled trial. Respiration. 2020;99(9):789\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000509761.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"2","key":"373_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000518734","volume":"101","author":"A Kostroglou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kostroglou A, Kapetanakis EI, Rougeris L, Froudarakis ME, Sidiropoulou T. Review of the physiology and anesthetic considerations for pleuroscopy\/medical thoracoscopy. Respiration. 2022;101(2):195\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518734.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000480153","volume":"95","author":"E Vakil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vakil E, Sarkiss M, Ost D, Vial MR, Casal RF, Eapen GA, et\u00a0al. Safety of monitored anesthesia care using propofol-based sedation for pleuroscopy. Respiration. 2018;95(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000480153.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"2","key":"373_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000362797","volume":"88","author":"P Grendelmeier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grendelmeier P, Tamm M, Jahn K, Pflimlin E, Stolz D. Propofol versus midazolam in medical thoracoscopy: a randomized, noninferiority trial. Respiration. 2014;88(2):126\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000362797.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"373_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vorster M, Frank W, Bernasconi M, Koegelenberg C. The use of propofol for sedation in medical thoracoscopy. In: 1.4 Interventional pulmonology [Internet]. European Respiratory Society; 2015 [cited 2026 Feb 6]. p. PA2488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.PA2488. https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.PA2488.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.PA2488"},{"issue":"5","key":"373_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1159\/000329438","volume":"82","author":"JM Tschopp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tschopp JM, Purek L, Frey JG, Schnyder JM, Diaper J, Cartier V, et\u00a0al. Titrated sedation with propofol for medical thoracoscopy: a feasibility and safety study. Respiration. 2011;82(5):451\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000329438.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"373_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000818","volume":"29","author":"P Sirohiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sirohiya P, Kumar V, Mittal S, Gupta N, Garg R, Bharati SJ, et\u00a0al. Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for sedation during medical thoracoscopy: a pilot randomized-controlled trial (RCT). J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol. 2022;29(4):248\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000818.","journal-title":"J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"373_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_431_17","volume":"35","author":"V Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar V, Sirohiya P, Gupta N, Madan K. Use of fentanyl-dexmedetomidine in conscious sedation for thoracoscopy. Lung India Off Organ Indian Chest Soc. 2018;35(3):277\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_431_17. (PubMed PMID: 29697095; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5946571).","journal-title":"Lung India Off Organ Indian Chest Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000516","volume":"26","author":"T Sidiropoulou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sidiropoulou T, Kapetanakis EI, Kostroglou A, Tomos PI. Pleuroscopy using dexmedetomidine in a high-risk patient. J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol. 2019;26(1):e2-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000516.","journal-title":"J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2024.11.001","volume":"42","author":"V Guiraud-Chaumeil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guiraud-Chaumeil V, Goussault H, Boudjemaa A, Vi\u00f1as F, Bonnefoy V, Gibiot Q, et\u00a0al. \u00c9valuation de l\u2019anesth\u00e9sie locale \u00e0 la xyloca\u00efne tamponn\u00e9e pour les abords pleuraux\u202f: \u00e9tude DOULAPLUX. Rev Mal Respir. 2025;42(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmr.2024.11.001.","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"issue":"3","key":"373_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.04.010","volume":"168","author":"CA Mounsey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mounsey CA, Mechie IR, Addala DN, Suribhatla R, Small ZO, Smith EM, et\u00a0al. Local anesthetic use in pleural procedures. Chest. 2025;168(3):839\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2025.04.010.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"373_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feray S, Lubach J, Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Van De Velde M, the PROSPECT Working Group *of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy. PROSPECT guidelines for video\u2010assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure\u2010specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2022;77(3):311\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15609.","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15609"},{"key":"373_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107225","volume":"213","author":"RR Sikachi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sikachi RR, Chaddha U, Agrawal A. Anesthetic considerations for medical pleuroscopy. Respir Med. 2023;213:107225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107225.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"373_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.07.002","volume":"59","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Qiao Q, Chen R, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Tian Y. The effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block, single-injection erector spinae plane block and multiple-injection paravertebral block on postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. J Clin Anesth. 2020;59:106\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.07.002.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"373_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.01.006","volume":"20","author":"S Nair","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nair S, Gallagher H, Conlon N. Paravertebral blocks and novel alternatives. BJA Educ. 2020;20(5):158\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.01.006.","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"373_CR39","unstructured":"Karmakar MK, Ho AMH. Thoracic & lumbar paravertebral block [Internet]. New York: NYSORA; 2024. https:\/\/www.nysora.com\/topics\/abdomen\/thoracic-lumbar-paravertebral-block\/. Accessed 6 Feb 2026."},{"issue":"5","key":"373_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451","volume":"41","author":"M Forero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forero M, Adhikary SD, Lopez H, Tsui C, Chin KJ. The erector spinae plane block: a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(5):621\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"373_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9507","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003135","volume":"111","author":"YC Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang YC, Sun Y, Li SH, Ma SJ, Wu XY, Gao JY, et\u00a0al. Clinical effects, mechanisms and spread of erector spinae plane block and paravertebral block in thoracic and breast surgery: a narrative review. Int J Surg. 2025;111(12):9507\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003135.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"373_CR42","unstructured":"Dua A, Fitzgerald BM. Intercostal nerve block. In: StatPearls [Internet] [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2025. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482273\/ (PubMed PMID: 29489198)."},{"issue":"6","key":"373_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer143","volume":"106","author":"V Agnoletti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agnoletti V, Gurioli C, Piraccini E, Maitan S, Massimo Corso R, Matteo B, et\u00a0al. Efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral block for medical thoracoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(6):916\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aer143.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"373_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_292_17","volume":"11","author":"MA Abo-Zeid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abo-Zeid MA, Elgamal MM, Hewidy AA, Moawad AA, Adel Elmaddawy AE. Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral block versus local anesthesia for medical thoracoscopy. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(4):442\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.SJA_292_17.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"373_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/pp-2022-0115","volume":"7","author":"J McPherson","year":"2022","unstructured":"McPherson J, Halvey E, Aujayeb A. Erector spinae plane blocks for day-case medical thoracoscopy: a pilot clinical study. Pleura Peritoneum. 2022;7(4):187\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pp-2022-0115.","journal-title":"Pleura Peritoneum"},{"key":"373_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wijayaratne T, Yousuf A, Samarasinghe R, Mavilakandy A, Yusuff H, Hanna-Jumma S, et\u00a0al. S22 The role of Erector spinae plane blocks in medical thoracoscopy: a safe and effective way of providing analgesia. In: \u2018This is going to hurt\u2019\u2014pleural interventions [Internet]. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society; 2024 [cited 2026 Feb 6]. p. A22.2\u2013A23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-BTSabstracts.28. https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-BTSabstracts.28.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-BTSabstracts.28"},{"issue":"2","key":"373_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000937","volume":"31","author":"S Ajmal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ajmal S, Johnstone S, Tufail M, Panchal RK. The role of multilevel intercostal nerve block in local anesthetic thoracoscopy. J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol. 2024;31(2):183\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000937.","journal-title":"J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"373_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000551642","volume":"24","author":"BD Salguero","year":"2026","unstructured":"Salguero BD, Choi S, Smith C, Joy GM, Sawant P, Echeverria G, et\u00a0al. Placebo versus erector spinae plane block for medical thoracoscopy study (PAINLESS). Respiration. 2026;24:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000551642.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"373_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reda M, Gomaa A, Hassan M, Shaheen M, Sorour S. Intrapleural anaesthesia for medical thoracoscopy\u2014a pilot study. In: Pleural and mediastinal malignancies [Internet]. European Respiratory Society; 2018 [cited 2026 Feb 6]. p. OA497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.congress-2018.OA497. https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.congress-2018.OA497.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2018.OA497"},{"issue":"8","key":"373_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2023.05.001","volume":"23","author":"S Mehta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehta S, Jen TTH, Hamilton DL. Regional analgesia for acute pain relief after open thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. BJA Educ. 2023;23(8):295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjae.2023.05.001.","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000249046.02025.ef","volume":"104","author":"P Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee P, Colt HG. A spray catheter technique for pleural anesthesia: a novel method for pain control before talc poudrage. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(1):198\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ane.0000249046.02025.ef.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"373_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43168-021-00091-w","volume":"15","author":"AM Abdelhady","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelhady AM, Gadallah M, Shaheen M, Mourad S, Hassan M. Intracavitary anaesthesia for medical thoracoscopy procedural pain: the CAMP randomised trial. Egypt J Bronchol. 2021;15(1):43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43168-021-00091-w.","journal-title":"Egypt J Bronchol"},{"issue":"3","key":"373_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000333274.63501.ff","volume":"107","author":"GP Joshi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Shah R, Wilkinson RC, Camu F, Fischer B, et\u00a0al. A systematic review of randomized trials evaluating regional techniques for postthoracotomy analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(3):1026\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ane.0000333274.63501.ff.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:44:20Z","timestamp":1789116260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41030-026-00373-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-1754","2364-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-1754","type":"print"},{"value":"2364-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Avinash Aujayeb is an Editorial Board member of\n                      Pulmonary Therapy\n                      . Avinash Aujayeb was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. All other authors (Elizabeth Turnbull, Jasandra Sutanto, Valentina Pinelli, Duneesha DeFonseka and Bernard Duysinx) have no conflict of interest and nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}