{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:35:28Z","timestamp":1793241328019,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Top Curr Chem (Z)"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Research on heterocyclic compounds is an area of continuous focus, capturing the interest of both synthetic and natural product chemists. Indazoles are one of the rare heterocycles that are available in nature. Indazole and its derivatives are one of the most important classes of heterocycles in pharmacological molecules. The structurally different indazole motifs, with impressive bioactivity, have drawn increasing attention from medicinal chemists in recent years for the continuous development of novel drug moieties. Thus, knowledge of the biological activities and synthetic pathways of indazole scaffolds is essential to enhancing further developments in the number of indazole-based lead molecules. The goal of the present review is to highlight information on the biological properties of some existing indazole-based drugs and activities of novel bioactive indazole compounds in clinical trails, with specific attention to the most recent advances in various synthetic strategies towards indazole and its derivatives over the past 7\u00a0years (2017\u20132024). Moreover, we discuss the substrate tolerance and mechanistic insights for most of the summarized synthetic protocols.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T09:34:01Z","timestamp":1751362441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Recent Advances in Synthetic Strategies and Biological Properties of Indazole Scaffolds: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"383","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0703-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. N. Murthy","family":"Boddapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7540-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhuvaneswari","family":"Chalapaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham Emmanuel","family":"Kola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6501-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreekantha Babu","family":"Jonnalagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kerru N, Gummidi L, Maddila S, Gangu KK, Jonnalagadda SB (2020) A Review on recent advances in nitrogen containing molecules and their biological applications. Molecules https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25081909","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25081909"},{"key":"509_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo0524831","author":"DM Aaron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aaron DM, Musa ZN, Makhluf JH, Mark JK (2006) N,N-bond-forming heterocyclization: synthesis of 3-alkoxy-2H-indazoles. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jo0524831","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-011-9631-3","author":"A Thangadurai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thangadurai A, Minu M, Wakode S, Agarwal S, Narasimhan B (2012) Indazole: a medicinally important heterocyclic moiety. Med Chem Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00044-011-9631-3","journal-title":"Med Chem Res"},{"key":"509_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2012.04.001","author":"GE B\u00fcchel","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00fcchel GE, Stepanenko IN, Hejl M et al (2012) Osmium (IV) complexes with 1H-and 2H-indazoles: tautomer identity versus spectroscopic properties and antiproliferative activity. J Inorg Biochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2012.04.001","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"509_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2725(08)60162-2","author":"J Catalan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Catalan J, Elguero J (1987) Basicity and acidity of azoles. Adv Heterocyclic Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2725(08)60162-2","journal-title":"Adv Heterocyclic Chem"},{"key":"509_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neelakandan VL, Prakasam T, Noorulla KM, Paramasivan T (2010) Perumal. InCl3\u00a0mediated one-pot multicomponent synthesis, anti-microbial, antioxidant and anticancer evaluation of 3-pyranyl indole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.07.039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.07.039"},{"key":"509_CR7","unstructured":"Wiley RH (2009) Pyrazoles and reduced and condensed pyrazoles, vol. 22. The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, John wiley& sons: Newyork, NY, 2009."},{"key":"509_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cankarova N, Halavac J, Krchnak V (2010) Recent synthetic approaches to 1h- and 2h-indazoles. a review. Org Prep Proced Int https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00304948.2010.513898","DOI":"10.1080\/00304948.2010.513898"},{"key":"509_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt A (2003) Heterocyclic mesomeric betaines and analogs in natural product chemistry. betainic alkaloids and nucleobases. Adv Heterocyclic Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2725(03)85002-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2725(03)85002-X"},{"key":"509_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.07.067","author":"RM Claramunt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Claramunt RM, Lopez C, Perez-Medina C, Perez-Torralba M, Elguero J, Escames G, Acuna-Castroviejo D (2009) Fluorinated indazoles as novel selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS): synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.07.067","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"509_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balfour JA, Clissold SP (1990) Bendazac lysine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in the management of cataracts. Drugs. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-199039040-00007.","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199039040-00007"},{"key":"509_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006) Analogue-based Drug Discovery, John Wiley & Sons. p.\u00a0448.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/3527608001","DOI":"10.1002\/3527608001"},{"key":"509_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2018.1472240","author":"I Denya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Denya I, Malan SF, Joubert J (2018) Indazole derivatives and their therapeutic applications: a patent review (2013\u20132017). Expert Opin Ther Pat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543776.2018.1472240","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"key":"509_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takeuchi A, Hori M, Sato S, Ban HS, Kuchimaru T, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Yamori T, Nakamura H (2012) Synthesis and biological activity of furanyl indazoles as inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcriptional activity. Med. Chem. Comm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C2MD20134H","DOI":"10.1039\/C2MD20134H"},{"key":"509_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0752-y","author":"LJ Scott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott LJ (2017) Niraparib: First global approval. Drugs. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-017-0752-y","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"509_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.712108","author":"A Zivi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zivi A, Cerbone L, Recine F, Sternberg CN (2012) Safety and tolerability of pazopanib in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14740338.2012.712108","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"509_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11591240-000000000-00000","author":"B Escudier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Escudier B, Gore M (2011) Axitinib for the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Drugs R D. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11591240-000000000-00000","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"509_CR18","unstructured":"Samumed, Llc (2016) Indazole inhibitors of the Wnt signal pathway and therapeutic uses thereof. AU2016203274B2. 2016."},{"key":"509_CR19","unstructured":"University of Utah Research Foundation. Substituted 1H-indazol-1-OL analogs as inhibitors of beta catenin\/Tcf protein-protein interactions, US 9,738,628. 2017."},{"key":"509_CR20","unstructured":"Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Antibacterial 1H-indazole and 1H-indole derivatives, US 9,624,206. 2017."},{"key":"509_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.52.454","author":"YM Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu YM, Yang JS, Liu QH (2004) A new alkaloid and its artificial derivative with an indazole ring from nigella glandulifera. Chem Pharm Bull. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/cpb.52.454","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"key":"509_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)94904-9","author":"S Atta-ur Rahman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Atta-ur Rahman S, Malik H, Cun-heng H, Clardy J (1985) Isolation and structure determination of nigellicine, a novel alkaloid from the seeds of nigella sativa. Tetrahedron Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)94904-9","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"509_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt A (2004) Biologically Active Mesomeric Betaines and Alkaloids, Derived from 3- Hydroxypyridine, Pyridin-N-oxide, Nicotinic Acid and Picolinic Acid: Three Types of Conjugation and Their Consequences. Curr. Org. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1385272043370663","DOI":"10.2174\/1385272043370663"},{"key":"509_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4039(95)00210-4","author":"A Rahman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rahman A, Malik S, Hasan SS, Choudhary MI, Ni CZ, Clardy J (1995) Nigellidine-A new indazole alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa. Tetrahedron Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0040-4039(95)00210-4","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"509_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-15-0758","author":"E Ardini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ardini E, Menichincheri M, Banfi P, Bosotti R, De Ponti C, Pulci R et al (2016) Entrectinib, a Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor with activity in multiple molecularly defined cancer indications. Mol Cancer Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-15-0758","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"509_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rolfo C, Ruiz R, Giovannetti E, Gil-Bazo I, Russo A, Passiglia F, et al. (2015) Entrectinib: a potent new TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor. Exp Opin Investig Drugs. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/13543784.2015.1096344","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1096344"},{"key":"509_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith KM, Fagan PC, Pomari E, Germano G, Frasson C, Walsh C, et al. (2018) Antitumor activity of entrectinib, a Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor, in ETV6-NTRK3-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0419","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0419"},{"key":"509_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.04.045","author":"Y Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Yu Y, Liu Q (2019) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of H3B\u20136545, a selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist, in dog plasma by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.04.045","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"509_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44851","author":"JD Joseph","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joseph JD, Darimont B, Zhou W, Arrazate A, Young A, Ingalla E et al (2019) Correction: The selective estrogen receptor downregulator GDC-0810 is efficacious in diverse models of ER+ breast cancer. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.44851","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"509_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai A, Kahraman M, Govek S, Nagasawa J, Bonnefous C, Julien J, et al. (2015) Identification of GDC-0810 (ARN-810), an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that demonstrates robust activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer xenografts. J Med Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00054.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00054"},{"key":"509_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rioux N, Smith S, Korpal M, O\u2019Shea M, Prajapati S, Zheng GZ et al. (2019) Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of H3B-6545, a novel selective ERalpha covalent antagonist (SERCA). Cancer Chemother Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00280-018-3716-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3716-3"},{"key":"509_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200012000-00015","author":"PM Hoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoff PM, Ellerton JA, Dakhil SR, Winn RJ, Abbruzzese JL, Pazdur R (2000) Phase II study of intravenous CI-958 in metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000421-200012000-00015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"509_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002800050878","author":"AF Shields","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shields AF, Philip PA, LoRusso PM, Ferris AM, Zalupski MM (1999) Phase II study of CI-958 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002800050878","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharm"},{"key":"509_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5573.1655","author":"LC Cantley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cantley LC (2002) The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.296.5573.1655","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"509_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanhaesebroeck B, Guillermet GJ, Graupera M, Bilanges B (2010) The emerging mechanisms of isoform-specific PI3K signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2882","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2882"},{"key":"509_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20110665","author":"WC Rowan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rowan WC, Smith JL, Affleck K, Amour A (2012) Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta for allergic asthma. Biochem Soc Trans. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BST20110665","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"509_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12039","author":"S Sriskantharajah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sriskantharajah S, Hamblin N, Worsley S, Calver AR, Hessel EM, Amour A (2013) Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.12039","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"509_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00767","author":"K Down","year":"2015","unstructured":"Down K, Amour A, Baldwin IR, Cooper AWJ, Deakin AM, Felton LM et al (2015) Optimization of novel indazoles as highly potent and selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta for the treatment of respiratory disease. J Med Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00767","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"509_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.8b00006","author":"D Edney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edney D, Hulcoop DG, Leahy JH, Vernon LE, Wipperman MD, Bream RN et al (2018) Development of flexible and scalable routes to two phosphatidinylinositol-3-kinase delta inhibitors via a common intermediate approach. Org Process Res Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.oprd.8b00006","journal-title":"Org Process Res Dev"},{"key":"509_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2010173","author":"R Gomez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gomez R, Jolly SJ, Williams T, Vacca JP, Torrent M, McGaughey G et al (2011) Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained inhibitors of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase. J Med Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm2010173","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"509_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Aac.00102-12","author":"MQ Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu MQ, Felock PJ, Munshi V, Hrin RC, Wang YJ, Yan YW et al (2012) Antiviral activity and in vitro mutation development pathways of MK-6186, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/Aac.00102-12","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"509_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.11.018","author":"AH Rezvani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rezvani AH, Kholdebarin E, Brucato FH, Callahan PM, Lowe DA, Levin ED (2009) Effect of R3487\/MEM3454, a novel nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist on sustained attention in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.11.018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"509_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.171892","author":"TL Wallace","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace TL, Callahan PM, Tehim A, Bertrand D, Tombaugh G, Wang S et al (2011) RG3487, a novel nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist, improves cognition and sensorimotor gating in rodents. J Pharm Exp Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.110.171892","journal-title":"J Pharm Exp Ther"},{"key":"509_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.06.034","author":"TL Wallace","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace TL, Porter RHP (2011) Targeting the nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor to enhance cognition in disease. Biochem Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.06.034","journal-title":"Biochem Pharm"},{"key":"509_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012","author":"R Hurst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hurst R, Rollema H, Bertrand D (2013) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from basic science to therapeutics. Pharm Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012","journal-title":"Pharm Ther"},{"key":"509_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guglielmotti A, D\u2019Onofrio E, Coletta I, Aquilini L, Milanese C, Pinza M (2002) Amelioration of rat adjuvant arthritis by therapeutic treatment with bindarit, an inhibitor of MCP-1 and TNF-alpha production. Inflamm Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00000301","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00000301"},{"key":"509_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ge SJ, Shrestha B, Paul D, Keating C, Cone R, Guglielmotti A et al (2012) The CCL2 synthesis inhibitor bindarit targets cells of the neurovascular unit, and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-2094-9-171.","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-171"},{"key":"509_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steiner JL, Davis JM, McClellan JL, Guglielmotti A, Murphy EA (2014) Effects of the MCP-1 synthesis inhibitor bindarit on tumorigenesis and inflammatory markers in the C3(1)\/SV40Tag mouse model of breast cancer. Cytokine, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.12.011"},{"key":"509_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00804.x","author":"C Zoja","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zoja C, Corna D, Benedetti G, Morigi M, Donadelli R, Guglielmotti A et al (1998) Bindarit retards renal disease and prolongs survival in murine lupus autoimmune disease. Kidney Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00804.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"509_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-2-33","author":"J Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou J, Goh BC, Albert DH, Chen CS (2009) ABT-869, a promising multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor: from bench to bedside. J Hematol Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-8722-2-33","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"509_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330685","author":"A Ble","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ble A, Mosca M, Di Loreto G, Guglielmotti A, Biondi G, Bombardieri S et al (2011) Antiproteinuric effect of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 inhibition in subjects with acute proliferative lupus nephritis. Am J Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000330685","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"509_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suvadeep M, Udita M, Monalisa M, Abhishek M, Pal, D Sudhir KP (2022) A review on synthetic strategy, molecular pharmacology of indazole derivatives, and their future perspective. Drug Development Research, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21979","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21979"},{"key":"509_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026620999201124154231","author":"C Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang C, Hou Y, Meng T, Shi M, Cui G (2021) The anticancer activity of indazole compounds: a mini review. Curr Top Med Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026620999201124154231","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"509_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103756","author":"T Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng T, Shou-Jun Y, Zhao DH, Li J, Yin LQ (2022) Antihypertensive activity of indole and indazole analogues: a review. Arab J Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103756","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"509_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135327","author":"P Sachin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sachin P, Siddhi S, Kapil J (2023) A comprehensive review on the indazole based derivatives as targeted anticancer agents. J Mol Struct. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135327","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"key":"509_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154942","author":"P Shiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shiri P, Roosta A, Dehaen W, Amani AM (2022) Recent strategies in transition-metal-catalyzed sequential C\u2013H activation\/annulation for one-step construction of functionalizedindazolederivatives. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27154942","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"509_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yadav M,\u00a0Kapoor, A (2024) Advances in Synthesis of Indazole Variants: A Comprehensive Review of Transition Metal, Acid\/Base and Green Chemistry-based Catalytic Approaches. Current Organocatalysis, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0122133372264656231004032920.","DOI":"10.2174\/0122133372264656231004032920"},{"key":"509_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2317-6730","author":"A Sagar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sagar A, Park JK (2024) Synthesis and Utilization of 1H-Indazole N-Oxides in the Production of C3-Functionalized 1H-Indazoles. Synthesis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2317-6730","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"509_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2OB01463G","author":"Y Zixian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zixian Y, Yu JT, Pan C (2022) Recent advances in C\u2013H functionalization of 2H-indazoles. Org Biomol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2OB01463G","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"509_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.202000423","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Mondal S, Hajra A (2020) Direct catalytic functionalization of indazole derivatives. Adv Synth Catal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adsc.202000423","journal-title":"Adv Synth Catal"},{"key":"509_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.4587","author":"HB Bollikolla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bollikolla HB, Murthy SNB, Swetha T, Mutchu BR, Alam MM, Hussien M, Jonnalagadda SB (2023) Advances in synthesis and biological activities of benzotriazole analogues: a micro review. J Heterocyclic Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhet.4587","journal-title":"J Heterocyclic Chem"},{"key":"509_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105190","author":"SNB Murthy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murthy SNB, Bollikolla HB, Bhavani KG, Saini HS, Ramesh N, Jonnalagadda SB (2023) Advances in synthesis and biological activities of quinazoline scaffold analogues: a review. Arab J Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105190","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"509_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.18852270307","author":"E Fischer","year":"1885","unstructured":"Fischer E, Tafel JI (1885) Ueber die hydrazine der zimmts\u00e4ure. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlac.18852270307","journal-title":"Justus Liebigs Ann Chem"},{"key":"509_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00631","author":"Z Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long Z, Wang Z, Zhou D, Wan D, You J (2017) Rh(III)-Catalyzed regio and chemoselective [4 + 1]- Annulation of azoxy compounds with diazoesters for the synthesis of 2H-indazoles: roles of the azoxy oxygen atom. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00631","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00982","author":"Z Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long Z, Yang Y, You J (2017) Rh(III)-catalyzed [4 + 1]-annulation of azoxy compounds with alkynes: a regioselective approach to 2H-indazoles. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00982","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2017.01.035","author":"X Yi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yi X, Xi C (2017) Iodine-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of o-alkylazoarenes to 2H-indazoles. Tetrahedron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tet.2017.01.035","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"509_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei W, Li X, Gu M, Yao H, Lin A (2017) Cu\/Pd cooperatively catalyzed tandem C\u2013N and C\u2013P bond formation: access to phosphorated 2H-indazoles.Org. Biomol. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7OB02323E.","DOI":"10.1039\/C7OB02323E"},{"key":"509_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00091a026","author":"M Akazome","year":"1994","unstructured":"Akazome M, Kondo T, Watanabe Y (1994) Palladium complex-catalyzed reductive N-heterocyclization of nitroarenes: novel synthesis of indole and 2H-indazole derivatives. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jo00091a026","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6OB01544A","author":"HB Abed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abed HB, Schoene J, Christmann M, Nazare M (2016) Organophosphorus-mediated N-N bond formation: facile access to 3-amino-2H-indazoles. Org Biomol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6OB01544A","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"509_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.6b00048","author":"S Vidyacharan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vidyacharan S, Murugan A, Sharada DS (2016) C(sp2)\u2013H functionalization of 2H-indazoles at C3- position via palladium(II)-catalyzed isocyanide insertion strategy leading to diverse heterocycles. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.6b00048","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00512","author":"P Ruiz-Castillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruiz-Castillo P, Buchwald SL (2016) Applications of palladium-catalyzed C\u2013N cross coupling reactions. Chem Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00512","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"509_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol990409x","author":"JJ Song","year":"2000","unstructured":"Song JJ, Yee NK (2000) A novel synthesis of 2-Aryl-2H-indazoles via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination reaction. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ol990409x","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol901585k","author":"B Haag","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haag B, Peng Z, Knochel P (2009) Preparation of polyfunctional indazoles and heteroarylazo compounds using highly functionalized zinc reagents org. Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ol901585k","journal-title":"Lett"},{"key":"509_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol100534s","author":"C Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu C, Fang Y, Larock RC, Shi F, Facile A (2010) One-pot synthesis of \u03b2-substituted (Z)-acrylonitriles utilizing an \u03b1-diaminoboryl carbanion. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ol100534s","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2005.05.149","author":"KY Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee KY, Gowrisankar S, Kim JN (2005) Facile synthesis of 2H-indazole derivatives starting from the Baylis-Hillman adducts of 2-cyclohexen-1-one. Tetrahedron Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tetlet.2005.05.149","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"509_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youn SW, Ko TY (2018) Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Indoles.\u00a0Asian J. Org. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajoc.201800290","DOI":"10.1002\/ajoc.201800290"},{"key":"509_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2014.11.114","author":"T Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo T, Huang F, Yu L, Yu Z (2015) Indole synthesis through transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation. Tetrahedron Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tetlet.2014.11.114","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"509_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2011.06.040","author":"DF Taber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taber DF, Tirunahari PK (2011) Indole synthesis: a review and proposed classification. Tetrahedron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tet.2011.06.040","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"509_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ob01458g","author":"C Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin C, Zhong T, Zheng X, Li L, Zhou J, Yu C (2021) Direct synthesis of indazole derivatives via Rh(iii)-catalyzed C\u2013H activation of phthalazinones and allenes. Org Biomol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d1ob01458g","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"509_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0OB00723D","author":"XF Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui XF, Huang GS (2020) Rhodium-catalyzed tandemacylmethylation\/annulation of nnitrosoanilineswith sulfoxonium ylides for the synthesis of substituted indazole N-oxides. Org Biomol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0OB00723D","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"509_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.1c01866","author":"MS Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park MS, Moon K, Oh H, Lee JY, Ghosh P, Kang JY, Park JS, Mishra NK, Kim IS (2021) Synthesis of (2H)-indazoles and dihydrocinnolinones through annulation of azobenzenes with vinylene carbonate under Rh(III) catalysis. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.1c01866","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.2c04003","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Shen M, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X (2023) Solvent-dependent selective synthesis of CF3-tethered indazolenderivatives based on multiple bond activations. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.2c04003","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.8b00501","author":"H Oh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oh H, Han S, Pandey AK, Han SH, Mishra NK, Kim S, Chun R, Kim HS, Park J, Kim IS (2018) Synthesis of (2H)-indazoles through Rh(III)-catalyzed annulation reaction of azobenzenes with sulfoxonium ylides. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.8b00501","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10113792","author":"JMR Saketi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saketi JMR, Boddapati SNM, Mutchu BR, Adil SF, Shaik MR, Alduhaish O, Siddiqui MRH, Bollikolla HB (2020) Pd(PPh3)4 catalyzed synthesis of indazole derivatives as potent anticancer drug. Appl Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10113792","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"509_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c00025","author":"A Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park A, Jeong KS, Lee H, Kim H (2021) Synthesis of 1H-indazoles via silver(I)-mediated intramolecular oxidative C\u2013H bond. ACS Omega. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c00025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"509_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ00843K","author":"N Sudhapriya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sudhapriya N, Balachandran C, Awale S, Perumal PT (2017) Sn(II)-Mediated facile approach for the synthesis of 2-aryl-2H-indazole-3-phosphonates and their anticancer activities. New J Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7NJ00843K","journal-title":"New J Chem"},{"key":"509_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00410","author":"OS Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim OS, Jang JH, Kim HY, Han SJ, Tsui GC, Joo JM (2017) Synthesis of fluorescent indazoles by palladium-catalyzed benzannulation of pyrazoles with alkynes. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00410","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rekowski SP, Kroener BK, Kathuria D, Wani AA, Chourasiya SS, Conrad J, Prasad V. Bharatam PV, Frey W, Beifuss U (2021) A novel copper-catalyzed, hydrazine-free synthesis of N-1 unsubstituted 1H-indazoles using stable guanylhydrazone salts as substrates. Tetrahedron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tet.2021.132192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2021.132192"},{"key":"509_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laxman G, Kumar EJ, Siddoju K (2021) Two step synthesis of indazole derivatives and their anti-cancer evaluation. Rasayan J. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31788\/RJC.2021.1446362.","DOI":"10.31788\/RJC.2021.1446362"},{"key":"509_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202004387","author":"D Khalili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalili D, Evazi R, Neshat R, Aboonajmi J (2021) Copper(I) complex of dihydro Bis(2-mercapto benzimidazolyl) borate as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2H-indazoles and 5- substituted 1H-tetrazoles. Chemistry Select. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/slct.202004387","journal-title":"Chemistry Select"},{"key":"509_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.4800","author":"D Upala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Upala D, Chanda K, Maiti B (2024) Ionic liquid-supported copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2H-indazoles under microwave irradiation. J Heterocyclic Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhet.4800","journal-title":"J Heterocyclic Chem"},{"key":"509_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.18.110","author":"YCM Barbosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barbosa YCM, Paveglio GC, Pereira de Pereira CM, Moura S, Cristiane Storck Schwalm CS, Casagrande GA, Pizzuti L (2022) Synthesis of N-phenyl- and N-thiazolyl-1H-indazoles by copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation of ortho-chlorinated arylhydrazones. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3762\/bjoc.18.110","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.2c02771","author":"JI Day","year":"2023","unstructured":"Day JI, Katherine N, Moyer A, Cole KP (2023) Process development for a 1H-indazole synthesis using anintramolecular ullmann-type reaction. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.2c02771","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201900947","author":"G Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang G, Fan Q, Zhao Y, Ding C (2019) Copper-promoted oxidative intramolecular C-H amination of hydrazones to synthesize 1H-indazoles and 1H-pyrazoles using a cleavable directing group. Eur J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejoc.201900947","journal-title":"Eur J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04056A","author":"VV Solomin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Solomin VV, Seins A, Jirgensons A (2021) Synthesis of indazoles from 2-formylphenylboronic acids. RSC Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1RA04056A","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"509_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo051387x","author":"T Uemura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Uemura T, Chatani N (2005) Copper salt catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to azodicarboxylates. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jo051387x","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.202300291","author":"LR Odell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Odell LR, Skillinghaug B, Matt C, Wu P, Koolmeister T, Desroses M, Minguez SL, Olov W, Helleday T, Scobie M (2023) Synthesis of substituted indazole acetic acids by N- NBond forming reactions. Eur J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejoc.202300291","journal-title":"Eur J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ob00121k","author":"K Gugulothu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gugulothu K, Ramanna J, Peramalla E, Anusha V, Raghavender M, Shiva Kumar K (2023) Synthesis of fused bis-indazoles\/indazoles via a one-pot sequential strategy. Org Biomol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3ob00121k","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"509_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manohar D. Suryawanshi, Ganesh D. Suryawanshi, Shamrao P. Lawande. Heteropoly Acids an Efficient Catalyst for Ultrasound Promoted Synthesis of Substituted Indazole. Polycyclic aromatic compounds, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10406638.2022.2083197","DOI":"10.1080\/10406638.2022.2083197"},{"key":"509_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082145","author":"K Rodr\u00edguez-Villar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Villar K, Y\u00e9pez-Mulia L, Cort\u00e9s-Gines M, Aguilera-Perdomo JD, Quintana-Salazar EA, Olascoaga Del Angel KS, Cort\u00e9s-Ben\u00edtez F, Palacios-Espinosa JF, Olivia SA, P\u00e9rez-Villanueva J (2021) Synthesis, antiprotozoal activity, and cheminformatics analysis of 2-Phenyl-2H-indazole derivatives. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26082145","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"509_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soltani Rad MN (2017) Ultrasound promoted mild and facile one-pot, three component synthesis of 2H-indazoles by consecutive condensation, C\u2013N and N\u2013N bond formations catalysed by copper-doped silica cuprous sulphate (CDSCS) as an efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2016.07.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2016.07.026"},{"key":"509_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.3c01091","author":"G Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang G, Zhang Y, Li P, Zhou C, Wang M, Wang L (2023) Metal-free synthesis of 2H-indazole skeletons by photochemistry orthermochemistry. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.3c01091","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.7b02857","author":"G Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen G, Hu M, Peng Y (2018) Switchable synthesis of 3-substituted 1H-indazoles 3,3-disubstituted 3H-indazole-3-phosphonates tuned by phosphoryl groups. J Org Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.7b02857","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"key":"509_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.0c01232","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Ye X, Wei C, Shan C, Wojtas L, Wang Q, Shi X (2020) Diazo activation with diazonium salts: synthesis of indazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Org Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.0c01232","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"509_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cadogan JIG, Cameron-Wood M, Mackie RK, Searle RJG (1965) The reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Part XIX. Reduction of nitro-compounds by triethyl phosphite: a convenient new route to carbazoles, indoles, indazoles, triazoles, and related compounds. J. Chem. Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/JR965000483","DOI":"10.1039\/JR965000483"},{"key":"509_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b03260","author":"TV Nykaza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nykaza TV, Harrison TS, Ghosh A, Putnik RA, Radosevich AT (2017) A biphilic phosphetane catalyzes N\u2013N bond-forming cadogan heterocyclization via PIII\/PV\u2550O redox cycling. J Am Chem Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.7b03260","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"509_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC05862A","author":"GQ Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin GQ, Gao WX, Zhou YB, Liu MC, Wu HY (2020) Efficient synthesis of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles by base-catalyzed benzyl C\u2013H deprotonation and cyclization. Chem Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0CC05862A","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"509_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.09.003","author":"F Shaikh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaikh F, Arif M, Khushtar M, Nematullah Md, Azizur Rahman Md (2024) Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of novel 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives. Intelligent Pharmacy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.09.003","journal-title":"Intelligent Pharmacy"},{"key":"509_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.09.009","author":"V Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar V, Sirbaiya AK, Nematullah Md, Haider MF, Rahman MA (2024) Synthesis of 1,3-substituted 1H-indazole derivatives and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in Sprague Dawley rats. Intelligent Pharmacy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.09.009","journal-title":"Intelligent Pharmacy"},{"key":"509_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics.2024.101178","author":"BR Susmita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Susmita BR, Sujatha K, Prakash DN, Praveen SKK, Rajappa SK (2024) Development of novel, green, efficient approach for the synthesis of indazole and its derivatives; insights into their pharmacological and molecular docking studies. J Indian Chem Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jics.2024.101178","journal-title":"J Indian Chem Soc"}],"container-title":["Topics in Current Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T02:59:46Z","timestamp":1757473186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41061-025-00509-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-8961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-8961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"26"}}