{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T09:19:53Z","timestamp":1792833593871,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australasian Delirium Association","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k9rsq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T05:02:43Z","timestamp":1576904563000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["The financial and social costs of delirium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon A.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Teodorczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared","family":"Streatfeild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meera R.","family":"Agar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"257_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2011.012","volume":"34","author":"G Caplan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Caplan G (2011) Managing delirium in older patients. Aust Prescr 34(1):16\u201318","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"4","key":"257_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013","volume":"304","author":"J Witlox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Witlox J, Eurelings LSM, de Jonghe JFM et al (2010) Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 304(4):443\u2013451","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"257_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.071","volume":"102","author":"E Crocker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crocker E, Beggs T, Hassan A et al (2016) Long-term effects of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac operation: a systematic review. Ann Thorac Surg 102:1391\u20131399","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"257_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2606","volume":"150","author":"LJ Gleason","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gleason LJ, Schmitt EM, Kosar CM et al (2015) Effect of delirium and other major complications on outcomes after elective surgery in older adults. JAMA Surg 150(12):1134\u20131140","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"257_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1071\/AH970043a","volume":"20","author":"GA Caplan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caplan GA, Brown A (1997) Post acute care: can hospitals do better with less? Aust Hlth Rev 20:43\u201354","journal-title":"Aust Hlth Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"257_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066614553925","volume":"31","author":"AW Collinsworth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collinsworth AW, Priest EL, Campbell CR et al (2016) A review of multifaceted care approaches for the prevention and mitigation of delirium in intensive care units. J Intensive Care Med 31(2):127\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066614553925","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"257_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400901","volume":"340","author":"SK Inouye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Charpentier PA et al (1999) A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Engl J Med 340(9):669\u2013676","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"257_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00744.x","volume":"54","author":"FH Rubin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rubin FH, Williams JT, Lecisin DA et al (2006) Replicating the hospital elder life program in a community hospital and demonstrating effectiveness using quality improvement methodology. J Amer Geriatr Soc 54:969\u2013974","journal-title":"J Amer Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"257_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2007.01265.x","volume":"37","author":"GA Caplan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caplan GA, Harper E (2007) Recruitment of volunteers to improve vitality in the elderly (The REVIVE Study). Int Med J 37:95\u2013100","journal-title":"Int Med J"},{"key":"257_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03243.x","volume":"59","author":"FH Rubin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rubin FH, Neal K, Fenlon K, Hassan S, Inouye SK (2011) Sustainability and scalability of the hospital elder life program at a community hospital. J Amer Geriatr Soc 59:359\u2013365","journal-title":"J Amer Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"257_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q284","volume":"46","author":"D-K Awissi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Awissi D-K, Begin C, Moisan J, Lachaine J, Skrobik Y (2012) I-SAVE study: impact of sedation, analgesia, and delirium protocols evaluated in the intensive care unit: an economic evaluation. Ann Pharmacother 46:21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1Q284","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"257_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2013.01.010","volume":"54","author":"TS Zaubler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaubler TS, Murphy K, Rizzuto L et al (2013) Quality improvement and cost savings with multicomponent delirium interventions: replication of the hospital elder life program in a community hospital. Psychosomatics 54(3):219\u2013226","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"257_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140662","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140662","volume":"10","author":"L Tanajewski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanajewski L, Franklin M, Gkountouras G et al (2015) Economic evaluation of a general hospital unit for older people with delirium and dementia (TEAM randomised controlled trial). PLoS One 10(12):e0140662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140662","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"257_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.6.748","volume":"60A","author":"DM Fick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fick DM, Kolanowski AM, Walker JL, Inouye SK (2005) Delirium superimposed on dementia in a community-dwelling managed care population: a 3-year retrospective study of occurrence, costs, and utilization. J Gerontol: Med Sci 60A(6):748\u2013753","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Med Sci"},{"key":"257_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31828545c1","volume":"258","author":"SR Markar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Markar SR, Smith IA, Karthikesalingam A, Low DE (2013) The clinical and economic costs of delirium after surgical resection for esophageal malignancy. Ann Surg 258:77\u201381","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"257_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00724","volume":"97","author":"MG Zywiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zywiel MG, Hurley RT, Perruccio AV et al (2015) Health economic implications of perioperative delirium in older patients after surgery for a fragility hip fracture. J Bone Jt Surg 97(10):829\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.N.00724","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"257_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.12.074","volume":"101","author":"CH Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown CH, Laflam A, Max L et al (2016) The impact of delirium after cardiac surgery on postoperative resource utilization. Ann Thorac Surg 101(5):1663\u20131669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.12.074","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"257_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-015-0871-6","volume":"49","author":"W Weinrebe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weinrebe W, Johannsdottir E, Karaman M, F\u00fcsgen I (2016) What does delirium cost? An economic evaluation of hyperactive delirium. Z Gerontol Geriat 49:52\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-015-0871-6","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriat"},{"issue":"12","key":"257_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1175","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002004","volume":"44","author":"C Traube","year":"2016","unstructured":"Traube C, Mauer EA, Gerber LM et al (2016) Cost associated with pediatric delirium in the ICU. CCM 44(12):e1175\u2013e1179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002004","journal-title":"CCM"},{"key":"257_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4491","volume":"32","author":"J Tropea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tropea J, LoGiudice D, Liew D, Gorelik A, Brand C (2017) Poorer outcomes and greater healthcare costs for hospitalised older people with dementia and delirium: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 32:539\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4491","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"257_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341e.15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.04.012","volume":"36","author":"A Ha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ha A, Krasnow RE, Mossanen M et al (2018) A contemporary population-based analysis of the incidence, cost, and outcomes of postoperative delirium following major urologic cancer surgeries. Urol Oncol 36:341e.15\u2013341e.22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.04.012","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"257_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000975","volume":"56","author":"EE Vasilevskis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vasilevskis EE, Chandrashekhar R, Holtze CH et al (2018) The cost of ICU delirium and coma in the intensive care unit patient. Med Care 56:890\u2013897","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"257_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200107000-00010","volume":"39","author":"JA Rizzo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rizzo JA, Bogardus ST, Leo-Summers L et al (2001) Multicomponent targeted intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients: what is the economic value? Med Care 39(7):740\u2013752","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"257_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53156.x","volume":"53","author":"DL Leslie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leslie DL, Zhang Y, Bogardus ST et al (2005) Consequences of preventing delirium in hospitalized older adults on nursing home costs. J Am Geriatri Soc 53:405\u2013409","journal-title":"J Am Geriatri Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"257_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.4","volume":"168","author":"DL Leslie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leslie DL, Marcantonio ER, Zhang Y, Leo-Summers L, Inouye SK (2008) One-year health care costs associated with delirium in the elderly population. Arch Int Med 168(1):27\u201332","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"257_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.06.007","volume":"26","author":"TT Hsieh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsieh TT, Yang T, Gartaganis SL, Yue J, Inouye SK (2018) Hospital elder life program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(10):1015\u20131033","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"257_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e027514","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027514","volume":"9","author":"L Pezzullo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pezzullo L, Streatfeild J, Hickson J, Teodorczuk A, Agar MR, Caplan GA (2019) The economic impact of delirium in Australia: a cost of illness study. BMJ Open 9:e027514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027514","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"257_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51315.x","volume":"51","author":"M Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m M, Edlund A, Bucht G et al (2003) Dementia after delirium in patients with femoral neck fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:1002\u20131006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"257_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws190","volume":"135","author":"DHJ Davis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davis DHJ, Muniz Terrera G, Keage H et al (2012) Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: a population-based cohort study. Brain 135:2809\u20132816","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"257_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.6.551","volume":"28","author":"K Rockwood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rockwood K et al (1999) The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing 28:551\u2013556","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"10","key":"257_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.06.007","volume":"26","author":"TT Hsieh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsieh TT, Yang T, Gartaganis SL, Yue J, Inouye SK (2018) Hospital elder life program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness. Am J Ger Psychiatry 26(10):1015\u20131033","journal-title":"Am J Ger Psychiatry"},{"key":"257_CR32","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ato.gov.au\/Tax-professionals\/TP\/Financial-year-ending-30-June-2017\/. Accessed 11 Jun 2019"},{"key":"257_CR33","unstructured":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS. Accessed 11 Jun 2019"},{"key":"257_CR34","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/health-systems\/International-Comparisons-of-Health-Prices-and-Volumes-New-Findings.pdf. Accessed 27 Jul 2019"}],"container-title":["European Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T19:42:21Z","timestamp":1608406941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00257-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}