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The global incidence of MCI varies, but it is often underdiagnosed and untreated. There is a distinct lack of approved pharmacologic options to treat MCI. There is, however, evidence to support the efficacy of nutritional interventions, such as ketogenic supplements\/diets, which offer ketones as an alternative energy source to brain cells. This article explores the effect of ketones on metabolic activity in the brain and the mechanisms by which ketogenic medium-chain triglycerides (kMCTs) induce ketosis in patients with MCI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key takeaways<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This article reviews the effect of ketogenic supplements\/diets on brain metabolism, including evidence supporting the efficacy of ketones as an efficient fuel for the brain. It discusses the use of oral nutritional ketogenic supplements, with particular reference to the 6-month randomized controlled BENEFIC trial, which showed that consumption of a kMCT drink, BrainXpert Energy Complex, improved cognitive performance in individuals with MCI compared with placebo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While there is a need for more long-term studies, results from the BENEFIC trial revealed the benefits of a brain-specific ketogenic supplement, as a nutritional intervention, on cognitive performance in individuals with MCI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00534-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T18:02:45Z","timestamp":1625508165000},"page":"1285-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mild cognitive impairment: when nutrition helps brain energy rescue\u2014a report from the EuGMS 2020 Congress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Cunnane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornel C.","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell H.","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Cruz-Jentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","volume":"56","author":"RC Petersen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E (1999) Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. 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In addition, Cornel C. Sieber, MD, PhD, has either received speaker fees or was involved in consulting or research projects for\u00a0Abbott, Braun, Danone, Fresenius, Nestl\u00e9, Novartis, Nutricia, Pfizer, and Roche. Russell H. Swerdlow, MD, is supported by the National Institute on Aging P30AG035982. Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, MD, PhD, has received speaker fees from Abbott Nutrition, Fresenius, Nestl\u00e9, and Nutricia. He has been member of advisory boards for Abbott Nutrition, Nestl\u00e9, and Pfizer, and has worked on research projects with Abbott Nutrition and Nutricia. Stephen C. Cunnane, PhD, declares that in the past 3\u00a0years, he has consulted for and has received honoraria, test products, and\/or research funding from Bulletproof and Nestl\u00e9 Health Science. He is the founder of Senotec and co-inventor of a patented medium-chain triglyceride formulation. His research is also supported by the Canadian government organizations, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), MITACS, the Qu\u00e9bec government (Fonds de la Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9), and several nonprofit organizations (Alzheimer Society of Canada, Alzheimer\u2019s Association USA, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke). Medical writing was also funded by Nestl\u00e9 Health Science.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors approved the manuscript and provided their consent for publication submission.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}