{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1788898429923,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Delirium has been recognized as an atypical presenting feature of COVID-19 in older adults and is independently associated with mortality. We aimed to perform an updated systematic review of the literature and proportional meta-analysis to assess prevalence and incidence of delirium in older adults with COVID-19, addressing differences according to sex, frailty status, and settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We searched databases for English-language articles on prevalence and incidence of delirium in older adults with COVID-19, published between March 2020 and January 2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 1171 articles identified, 66 met selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 35,035 participants, age-range 66\u201390 years old, 46.6% females). We observed similar pooled prevalence (20.6% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 17.8\u201323.8%]) and incidence (21.3% [95% CI 14.7\u201330%]) of delirium. Pooled occurrence (both prevalence and incidence) of delirium was similar according to sex (females 21.3% [95% CI 16\u201327.5%] vs. males 23.8%% [95% CI 18.2\u201330.4%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value = 0.55) and study setting (nursing homes 22.5% [95% CI 14.2\u201333.6%] vs. hospital 20.3% [95% CI 17\u201324%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.68), but it was significantly higher in frail versus non-frail patients (37% [95% CI 26.6\u201348.8%] vs. 12.5% [95% CI 7.8\u201319.6%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &lt; 0.01). Delirium definitions and assessment tools largely varied across studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This review delineates delirium as a common feature of COVID-19, particularly in frail older adults, and supports its formal inclusion among COVID-19 symptoms. The considerable heterogeneity in delirium assessment highlights the need for an operational strategy to standardize definitions and tools utilization in the management of frail older adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00906-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T09:01:45Z","timestamp":1710752505000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A pandemic of delirium: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of occurrence of delirium in older adults with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Zazzara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Margherita","family":"Ornago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Serafini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziano","family":"Onder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"906_CR1","first-page":"486","volume":"61","author":"MB Zazzara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zazzara MB, Vetrano DL, Carf\u00ec A, Onder G (2019) Frailty and chronic disease. 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