{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T07:26:04Z","timestamp":1766820364996,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004770","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Delirium risk assessment in the acute-care setting generally does not account for frailty. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify factors associated with delirium, considering the interdependency of clinical variables with frailty syndrome in complex older patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The clinical records of 587 participants (248 M, median age 84) were reviewed, collecting clinical, anamnestic and pharmacological data. Frailty syndrome was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Delirium was the main study endpoint. The correlations of the considered anamnestic and clinical variables with delirium and its subtypes were investigated selecting only those variables not showing a high overlap with frailty. Correlations associated with a 25% excess of frequency of delirium in comparison with the average of the population were considered as statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Delirium was detected in 117 (20%) participants. The presence of one among age\u2009&gt;\u200985 years old, CFS\u2009&gt;\u20094 and invasive devices explained 95% of delirium cases. The main factors maximizing delirium incidence at the individual level were dementia, other psychiatric illness, chronic antipsychotic treatment, and invasive devices. The coexistence of three of these parameters was associated with a peak frequency of delirium, ranging from 57 to 61%, mostly hypoactive forms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In acute-care wards, frailty exhibited a strong association with delirium during hospitalization, while at the individual level, dementia and the use of antipsychotics remained important risk factors. Modern clinical prediction tools for delirium should account for frailty syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1707390174000},"page":"411-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with delirium in a real-world acute-care setting: analysis considering the interdependence of clinical variables with the frailty syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ticinesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Parise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5367-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Delmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Coppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Cerundolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Nouvenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Meschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"934_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Westendorp RGJ, Saczynski JS (2014) Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 383:911\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"934_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0649-8","volume":"14","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Morandi A, Di Santo SG, Mazzone A, Cherubini A, Mossello E et al (2016) \u201cDelirium day\u201d: a nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool. BMC Med 14:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-016-0649-8","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"934_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu022","volume":"43","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Leurent B, Sampson EL (2014) Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 43:326\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afu022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"934_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.08.049","volume":"96","author":"SR Pagali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pagali SR, Miller D, Fischer K, Schroeder D, Egger N, Manning DM et al (2021) Predicting delirium risk using an automated Mayo Delirium Prediction Tool: development and validation of a risk-stratification model. Mayo Clin Proc 96(5):1229\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.08.049","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"934_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14423","volume":"29","author":"LOJE Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva LOJE, Stanich JA, Jeffery MM, Mullan AF, Bower SM, Campbell RL et al (2022) REcognizing DElirium in geriatric Emergency Medicine: the REDEEM risk stratification score. Acad Emerg Med 29:476\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.14423","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"934_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00188","volume":"4","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Moresco R, Panina-Bordignon P, Arosio B, Gelfi C, Morandi A et al (2017) Is delirium the cognitive harbinger of frailty in older adults? A review about the existing evidence. Front Med 4:188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2017.00188","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"934_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","volume":"381","author":"A Clegg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K (2013) Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 381:752\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"934_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.007","volume":"31","author":"E Dent","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dent E, Kowal P, Hoogendijk EO (2016) Frailty measurement in research and clinical practice: a review. Eur J Intern Med 31:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.007","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"934_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","volume":"8","author":"SD Searle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA, Gill TM, Rockwood K (2008) A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatr 8:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"934_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0667-9","volume":"19","author":"M Ritt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritt M, Schwarz C, Kronawitter V et al (2015) Analysis of Rockwood et al\u2019s clinical frailty scale and Fried et al\u2019s frailty phenotype as predictors of mortality and other clinical outcomes in older patients who were admitted to a geriatric ward. J Nutr Health Aging 19(10):1043\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-015-0667-9","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"934_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.01.016","volume":"60","author":"J Blodgett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blodgett J, Theou O, Kirkland S, Andreou P, Rockwood K (2015) Frailty in NHANES: comparing the frailty index and phenotype. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 60:464\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2015.01.016","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"934_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15503","volume":"66","author":"I Persico","year":"2018","unstructured":"Persico I, Cesari M, Morandi A, Haas J, Mazzola P, Zambon A et al (2018) Frailty and delirium in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2022\u20132030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15503","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"934_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.01.065","volume":"22","author":"XM Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang XM, Jiao J, Xie XH, Wu XJ (2021) The association between frailty and delirium among hospitalized patients: an updated meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 22:527\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.01.065","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"934_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab042","volume":"50","author":"P Mazzola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazzola P, Tassistro E, Di Santo S, Rossi E, Andreano A, Valsecchi MG et al (2021) The relationship between frailty and delirium: insights from the 2017 Delirium Day study. Age Ageing 50:1593\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afab042","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"934_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101047","volume":"60","author":"A Pilotto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pilotto A, Custodero C, Maggi S, Polidori MC, Veronese N, Ferrucci L (2020) A multidimensional approach to frailty in older people. Ageing Res Rev 60:101047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101047","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"934_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S249284","volume":"15","author":"AY Sillner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sillner AY, McConeghy RO, Madrigal C, Culley DJ, Arora RC, Rudolph JL (2020) The association of a frailty index and incident delirium in older hospitalized patients: an observational cohort study. Clin Interv Aging 15:2053\u20132061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S249284","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"934_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.929555","volume":"9","author":"HW Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung HW, Baek JY, Kwon YH, Jang IY, Kim DY, Kwon HS et al (2022) At-point clinical frailty scale as a universal risk tool for older inpatients in acute hospital: a cohort study. Front Med 9:929555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.929555","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"934_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1390-1","volume":"11","author":"T Meschi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meschi T, Ticinesi A, Prati B, Montali A, Ventura A, Nouvenne A et al (2016) A novel organizational model to face the challenge of multimorbid elderly patients in an internal medicine setting: a case study from Parma Hospital, Italy. Intern Emerg Med 11:667\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-016-1390-1","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"934_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01935.x","volume":"56","author":"F Salvi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salvi F, Miller MD, Grilli A, Giorgi R, Towers AL, Morichi V et al (2008) A manual of guidelines to score the modified cumulative illness rating scale and its validation in acute hospitalized elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:1926\u20131931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01935.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"934_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","volume":"173","author":"K Rockwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I et al (2005) A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ 173:489\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.050051","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"934_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01801-7","volume":"20","author":"S Church","year":"2020","unstructured":"Church S, Rogers E, Rockwood K, Theou O (2020) A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale. BMC Geriatr 20:393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01801-7","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"934_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-12-941","volume":"113","author":"SK Inouye","year":"1990","unstructured":"Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI (1990) Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 113(12):941\u2013948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-113-12-941","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"934_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111823","volume":"9","author":"E Kuhn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuhn E, Du X, McGrath K et al (2014) Validation of a consensus method for identifying delirium from hospital records. PLoS ONE 9(11):e111823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111823","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"934_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042440","volume":"11","author":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative (2021) Retrospective delirium ascertainment from case notes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 11(5):e042440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042440","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"934_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22m14471","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.22m14471","volume":"84","author":"A Matsuoka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsuoka A, Tobita S, Sogawa R et al (2023) Evaluation of suvorexant and lemborexant for the prevention of delirium in adult critically ill patients at an advanced critical care center: a single-center, retrospective, observational study. J Clin Psychiatry 84(1):22m14471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.22m14471","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"934_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2023.111113","author":"S Zarour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zarour S, Weiss Y, Kiselevich Y et al (2023) The association between midazolam premedication and postoperative delirium\u2014a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Anesthes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2023.111113.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthes"},{"issue":"10","key":"934_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01699-6","volume":"32","author":"A Ticinesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ticinesi A, Cerundolo N, Parise A et al (2020) Delirium in COVID-19: epidemiology and clinical correlations in a large group of patients admitted to an academic hospital. Aging Clin Exp Res 32(10):2159\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01699-6","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"934_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-022-02328-0","volume":"35","author":"I Parrotta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parrotta I, Bencivenga L, Okoye C et al (2023) Frailty and hyperactive delirium in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19: an insight from GeroCovid registry. Aging Clin Exp Res 35:433\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-022-02328-0","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"934_CR29","unstructured":"Mathworks Inc., https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/ (Accessed 21 Feb 2023)."},{"key":"934_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063","volume":"93","author":"P Bramley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bramley P, McArthur K, Blayney A, McCullagh I (2021) Risk factors for postoperative delirium: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Int J Surg 93:106063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"934_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163211065278","volume":"36","author":"I Featherstone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Featherstone I, Sheldon T, Johnson M, Woodhouse R, Boland JW, Hosie A et al (2022) Risk factors for delirium in adult patients receiving specialist palliative care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliat Med 36(2):254\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02692163211065278","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"934_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.03.005","volume":"78","author":"LOJE Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva LOJE, Berning MJ, Stanich JA, Gerberi DJ, Murad MH, Han JH et al (2021) Risk factors for delirium in older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 78(4):549\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.03.005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"934_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00737-y","volume":"14","author":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative (2023) Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalized inpatients: results of a multi-centre study. Eur Geriatr Med 14:325\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-022-00737-y","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"934_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00736-z","volume":"14","author":"JE van Son","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Son JE, Kahn ECP, van der Bol JM, Barten DG, Blomaard LC, van Dam C et al (2023) Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in older patients is associated with frailty but not adverse outcomes. Eur Geriatr Med 14:333\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-022-00736-z","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"934_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas14343","author":"SA Frost","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frost SA, Brennan K, Sanchez D, Lynch J, Hedges S, Hou YC et al (2023) Frailty in the prediction of delirium in the intensive care unit: a secondary analysis of the Deli study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas14343","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"934_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104582","volume":"147","author":"R Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo R, Zhang S, Yu S, Li X, Liu X, Shen Y et al (2023) Inclusion of frailty improved performance of delirium prediction for elderly patients in the cardiac intensive care unit (D-FRAIL): a prospective derivation and external validation study. Int J Nurs Stud 147:104582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104582","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"934_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx214","volume":"73","author":"M Dani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dani M, Owen LH, Jackson TA, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Davis D (2018) Delirium, frailty, and mortality: interactions in a prospective study of hospitalized older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 73(3):415\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glx214","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"934_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8","volume":"35","author":"CM Gandossi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gandossi CM, Zambon A, Ferrara MC, Tassistro E, Castoldi G, Colombo F et al (2023) Frailty and post-operative delirium influence on functional status in patients with hip fracture: the GIOG 2.0 study. Aging Clin Exp Res 35(11):2499\u20132506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02522-8","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"934_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00773-2","volume":"14","author":"E Grossi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grossi E, Rocco C, Stilo L, Guarneri B, Inzitari M, Bellelli G et al (2023) Dysphagia in older patients admitted to a rehabilitation setting after an acute hospitalization: the role of delirium. Eur Geriatr Med 14:485\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-023-00773-2","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"934_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.626127","volume":"13","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Brathwaite JS, Mazzola P (2021) Delirium: a marker of vulnerability in older people. Front Aging Neurosci 13:626127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.626127","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"934_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S124342","volume":"12","author":"M Ritt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ritt M, Ritt JI, Sieber CC, Ga\u03b2mann KG (2017) Comparing the predictive accuracy of frailty, comorbidity, and disability for mortality: a 1-year follow-up in patients hospitalized in geriatric wards. Clin Interv Aging 12:293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S124342","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"934_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1518-x","volume":"24","author":"D Angioni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angioni D, Macaron T, Takeda C, Sourdet S, Cesari M, Virecoulon Giudici K et al (2020) Can we distinguish age-related frailty from frailty related to diseases? Data from the MAPT Study. J Nutr Health Aging 24(10):1144\u20131151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-020-1518-x","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"934_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.005","volume":"31","author":"M Cesari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cesari M, Marzetti E, Thiem U, P\u00e9rez-Zepeda MU, Abellan Van Kan G, Landi F et al (2016) The geriatric management of frailty as paradigm of \u201cThe end of the disease era.\u201d Eur J Intern Med 31:11\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.005","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"934_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx081","volume":"6","author":"RE Hubbard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hubbard RE, Peel NM, Samanta M, Gray LC, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K (2017) Frailty status at admission to hospital predicts multiple adverse outcomes. Age Ageing 6(5):801\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afx081","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"934_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0974-1","volume":"31","author":"M Bo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bo M, Porrino P, Di Santo SG, Mazzone A, Cherubini A, Mossello E et al (2019) The association of indwelling urinary catheter with delirium in hospitalized patients and nursing home residents: an explorative analysis from the \u201cDelirium Day 2015.\u201d Aging Clin Exp Res 31(3):411\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-018-0974-1","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"934_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872619882359","volume":"9","author":"E Mossello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mossello E, Baroncini C, Pecorella L, Giulietti C, Chiti M, Caldi F et al (2020) Predictors and prognosis of delirium among older subjects in cardiac intensive care unit: focus on potentially preventable forms. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 9(7):771\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2048872619882359","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"934_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00261-6","volume":"11","author":"A Morandi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morandi A, Bellelli G (2020) Delirium superimposed on dementia. Eur Geriatr Med 11(1):53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00261-6","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"934_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.09.008","volume":"23","author":"KYC Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han KYC, Rodrigues NG, Klainin-Yobas P, Haugan G, Wu XV (2022) Prevalence, risk factors, and impact of delirium on hospitalized older adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 23(1):23-32.e27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.09.008","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"934_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.10.004","volume":"23","author":"F Monacelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monacelli F, Signori A, Marengoni A, Di Santo S, Rossi E, Valsecchi MG et al (2022) Delirium and clusters of older patients affected by multimorbidity in acute hospitals. J Am Med Dir Assoc 23(5):883\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.10.004","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"934_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14076","volume":"64","author":"KJ Neufeld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neufeld KJ, Yue J, Robinson TN, Inouye SK, Needham DM (2016) Antipsychotic medication for prevention and treatment of delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 64(4):705\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.14076","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"934_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD005563","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005563.pub3","volume":"3","author":"N Siddiqi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, Teale EA, Young J, Taylor J et al (2016) Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005563.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"934_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0828","volume":"2","author":"I Yunusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, Regestein QR, Eguale T (2019) Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2(3):e190828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0828","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"934_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030246","volume":"14","author":"V Calsolaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calsolaro V, Femminella GD, Rogani S, Esposito S, Franchi R, Okoye C et al (2021) Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and the use of antipsychotics. Pharmaceuticals 14(3):246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14030246","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"2","key":"934_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18m12430","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12430","volume":"80","author":"G Aloisi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aloisi G, Marengoni A, Morandi A, Zucchelli A, Cherubini A, Mossello E et al (2019) Drug prescription and delirium in older inpatients: results from the nationwide multicenter Italian delirium day 2015\u20132016. J Clin Psychiatry 80(2):18m12430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.18m12430","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1712315215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00934-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7657"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1878-7657"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the competent Ethics Committee (Comitato Etico dell\u2019Area Vasta Emilia Nord, Regione Emilia-Romagna) under the ID 84\/2019\/OSS\/AOUPR.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statements"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Due to the retrospective design of the study, informed consent was collected in written form whenever possible. In other cases, informed consent collection was waived.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent statement"}}]}}