{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T17:09:45Z","timestamp":1756573785780,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of (preoperative and geriatric) diagnostic testing, abnormal diagnostic tests and their subsequent interventions, and clinical relevance in frail older adults with a hip fracture.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data on clinical consultations, radiological, laboratory, and microbiological diagnostics were extracted from the medical files of all patients included in the FRAIL-HIP study (inclusion criteria: hip fracture,\u2009&gt;\u200970\u00a0years, living in a nursing home with malnourishment\/cachexia and\/or impaired mobility and\/or severe co-morbidity). Data were evaluated until hospital discharge in nonoperatively treated patients and until surgery in operatively treated patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 172 patients (88 nonoperative and 84 operative) were included, of whom 156 (91%) underwent laboratory diagnostics, 126 (73%) chest X-rays, and 23 (13%) CT-scans. In 153\/156 (98%) patients at least one abnormal result was found in laboratory diagnostics. In 82\/153 (50%) patients this did not result in any additional diagnostics or (pharmacological) intervention. Abnormal test results were mentioned as one of the deciding arguments for operative delay (&gt;\u200924\u00a0h) for 10\/84 (12%) patients and as a factor in the decision between nonoperative and operative treatment in 7\/172 (4%) patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A large number and variety of diagnostics were performed in this patient population. Abnormal test results in laboratory diagnostics were found for almost all patients and, in majority, appear to have no direct clinical consequences. To prevent unnecessary diagnostics, prospective research is required to evaluate the clinical consequences and added value of the separate elements of preoperative diagnostic testing and geriatric assessment in frail hip fracture patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T19:02:54Z","timestamp":1709146974000},"page":"753-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The value of preoperative diagnostic testing and geriatric assessment in frail institutionalized elderly with a hip fracture; a secondary analysis of the FRAIL-HIP study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miliaan L.","family":"Zeelenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-7948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther M. M.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo H.","family":"Wijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna C.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taco","family":"Gosens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Steens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romke","family":"Van Balen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5090-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutger G.","family":"Zuurmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sverre A. I.","family":"Loggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-677X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Joosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H. J.","family":"Verhofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FRAIL-HIP Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0529-z","volume":"20","author":"S De Joode","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Joode S, Kalmet PHS, Fiddelers AAA, Poeze M, Blokhuis TJ (2019) Long-term functional outcome after a low-energy hip fracture in elderly patients. J Orthop Traumatol 20(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10195-019-0529-z","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"945_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1493-5","volume":"18","author":"JC Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin JC, Liang WM (2017) Mortality, readmission, and reoperation after hip fracture in nonagenarians. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1493-5","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"945_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06394-y","volume":"33","author":"SAI Loggers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loggers SAI, Nijdam TMP, Folbert EC, Hegeman JHH, Van der Velde D, Verhofstad MHJ et al (2022) Prognosis and institutionalization of frail community-dwelling older patients following a proximal femoral fracture: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 33(7):1465\u20131475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06394-y","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.08.027","volume":"51","author":"SAI Loggers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loggers SAI, Van Lieshout EMM, Joosse P, Verhofstad MHJ, Willems HC (2020) Prognosis of nonoperative treatment in elderly patients with a hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury 51(11):2407\u20132413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.08.027","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"945_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.0089","volume":"157","author":"SAI Loggers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loggers SAI, Willems HC, Van Balen R, Gosens T, Polinder S, Ponsen KJ et al (2022) Evaluation of quality of life after nonoperative or operative management of proximal femoral fractures in frail institutionalized patients: The FRAIL-HIP study. JAMA Surg 157(5):424\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.0089","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"945_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06638-x","volume":"34","author":"SAI Loggers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loggers SAI, Geraerds A, Joosse P, Willems HC, Gosens T, Van Balen R et al (2023) Nonoperative versus operative management of frail institutionalized older patients with a proximal femoral fracture: a cost-utility analysis alongside a multicenter prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 34(3):515\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06638-x","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"945_CR7","unstructured":"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Klinische Geriatrie (NVKG). Behandeling kwetsbare ouderen bij chirurgie (Surgical treatment of frail elderly patients): Federatie Medisch Specialisten; 2016 [Available from: https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/behandeling_kwetsbare_ouderen_bij_chirurgie\/generieke_zorgpad.html."},{"issue":"4","key":"945_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1762-3","volume":"26","author":"V Dauny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dauny V, Thietart S, Cohen-Bittan J, Riou B, Khiami F, Meziere A et al (2022) Association between Vitamin D deficiency and prognosis after hip fracture surgery in older patients in a dedicated orthogeriatric care pathway. J Nutr Health Aging 26(4):324\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-022-1762-3","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dzankic S, Pastor D, Gonzalez C, Leung JM. The prevalence and predictive value of abnormal preoperative laboratory tests in elderly surgical patients. Anesth Analg. 2001;93(2):301\u20138, 2nd contents page. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000539-200108000-00013","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200108000-00013"},{"issue":"4","key":"945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_147_17","volume":"34","author":"B Ramesh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramesh B, Pillai VS, Koshy RC, Jagathnath Krishna KM (2018) Role of preoperative investigations in elderly patients undergoing oncosurgical procedures - a retrospective review audit. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 34(4):535\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_147_17","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318224cfa3","volume":"71","author":"S O\u2019Heireamhoin","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Heireamhoin S, Beyer T, Ahmed M, Mulhall KJ (2011) The role of preoperative cardiac investigation in emergency hip surgery. J Trauma 71(5):1345\u20131347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e318224cfa3","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"945_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.08.011","volume":"38","author":"WM Ricci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ricci WM, Della Rocca GJ, Combs C, Borrelli J (2007) The medical and economic impact of preoperative cardiac testing in elderly patients with hip fractures. Injury 38(Suppl 3):S49\u2013S52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2007.08.011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"945_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16555","volume":"68","author":"L Sinvani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinvani L, Mendelson DA, Sharma A, Nouryan CN, Fishbein JS, Qiu MG et al (2020) Preoperative noninvasive cardiac testing in older adults with hip fracture: a multi-site study. J Am Geriatr Soc 68(8):1690\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16555","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"945_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-017-1971-3","volume":"27","author":"SAI Loggers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loggers SAI, Giannakopoulos GF, Vandewalle E, Erwteman M, Berger F, Zuidema WP (2017) Preoperative chest radiographs in hip fracture patients: is there any additional value? Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 27(7):953\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-017-1971-3","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"945_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015764","volume":"52","author":"HS Joo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Joo HS, Wong J, Naik VN, Savoldelli GL (2005) The value of screening preoperative chest x-rays: a systematic review. Can J Anaesth 52(6):568\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03015764","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"945_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.10.1530","volume":"66","author":"MK Holden","year":"1986","unstructured":"Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR (1986) Gait assessment for neurologically impaired patients. Standards for outcome assessment. Phys Ther 66(10):1530\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/66.10.1530","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"945_CR17","unstructured":"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Klinische Geriatrie (NVKG). Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA): Federatie Medisch Specialisten; 2010 [updated 01\u201311\u20132010. Available from: https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/comprehensive_geriatric_assessment_cga\/onderdelen_van_het_cga\/laboratoriumonderzoek_bij_cga.html."},{"issue":"10","key":"945_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283499e3b","volume":"28","author":"S De Hert","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Hert S, Imberger G, Carlisle J, Diemunsch P, Fritsch G, Moppett I et al (2011) Preoperative evaluation of the adult patient undergoing non-cardiac surgery: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28(10):684\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283499e3b","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"945_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i3292","volume":"354","author":"F O\u2019Neill","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill F, Carter E, Pink N, Smith I (2016) Routine preoperative tests for elective surgery: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ 354:i3292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i3292","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"945_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.12.124","volume":"155","author":"AM Den Harder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Den Harder AM, De Heer LM, De Jong PA, Suyker WJ, Leiner T, Budde RPJ (2018) Frequency of abnormal findings on routine chest radiography before cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 155(5):2035\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.12.124","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"945_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.652883","volume":"83","author":"M Mosfeldt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mosfeldt M, Pedersen OB, Riis T, Worm HO, Mark S, Jorgensen HL et al (2012) Value of routine blood tests for prediction of mortality risk in hip fracture patients. Acta Orthop 83(1):31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453674.2011.652883","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"945_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.12.008","volume":"43","author":"AS Laulund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laulund AS, Lauritzen JB, Duus BR, Mosfeldt M, Jorgensen HL (2012) Routine blood tests as predictors of mortality in hip fracture patients. Injury 43(7):1014\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.12.008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"945_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226784","author":"A Fisher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fisher A, Srikusalanukul W, Fisher L, Smith PN (2022) Comparison of prognostic value of 10 biochemical indices at admission for prediction postoperative myocardial injury and hospital mortality in patients with osteoporotic hip fracture. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11226784","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"945_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001026","volume":"32","author":"A Endo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Endo A, Baer HJ, Nagao M, Weaver MJ (2018) Prediction model of in-hospital mortality after hip fracture surgery. J Orthop Trauma 32(1):34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001026","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"945_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01727-8","volume":"48","author":"A Wiedl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wiedl A, Forch S, Fenwick A, Mayr E (2022) Prognostic value of orthogeriatric assessment parameters on mortality: a 2-year follow-up. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 48(4):2905\u20132914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01727-8","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"945_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.002","volume":"42","author":"TJ Chesser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chesser TJ, Handley R, Swift C (2011) New NICE guideline to improve outcomes for hip fracture patients. Injury 42(8):727\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.002","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"945_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.707747","volume":"35","author":"M De Rui","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Rui M, Veronese N, Manzato E, Sergi G (2013) Role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the management of osteoporotic hip fracture in the elderly: an overview. Disabil Rehabil 35(9):758\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2012.707747","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"945_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045","volume":"28","author":"KV Grigoryan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grigoryan KV, Javedan H, Rudolph JL (2014) Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma 28(3):e49\u2013e55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"945_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00913-5","volume":"110","author":"A Van Heghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Heghe A, Mordant G, Dupont J, Dejaeger M, Laurent MR, Gielen E (2022) Effects of orthogeriatric care models on outcomes of hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 110(2):162\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-021-00913-5","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"945_CR30","unstructured":"Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit (Dutch Healthcare Authority). Tarievenlijst Eerstelijnsdiagnostiek: Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit; 2014 [updated 2017. Available from: https:\/\/puc.overheid.nl\/nza\/doc\/PUC_11854_22\/."},{"key":"945_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac174","author":"I Spronk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spronk I, Loggers SAI, Joosse P, Willems HC, Van Balen R, Gosens T et al (2022) Shared decision-making for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in frail institutionalised older patients: healthcare providers\u2019 perceived barriers and facilitators. Age Ageing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac174","journal-title":"Age Ageing."}],"container-title":["European Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T10:26:19Z","timestamp":1723803979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-024-00945-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7657"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1878-7657"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work and have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the contents of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study has been exempted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands with reference number: MEC-2022-0524.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants or proxies provided informed consent for prior to participation.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}