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While most attention is directed towards disease in children and adolescents, IMD poses an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults\u2009\u226560\u00a0years. While immunization is a critical component of healthy ageing strategies, meningococcal immunization is not routinely offered to older adults. The aim of this review was to summarize clinical and epidemiological aspects of IMD and available immunization strategies, with a particular focus on disease in older individuals, to emphasize the importance of this rather neglected area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An expert working group was established to evaluate clinical and epidemiological data to\u00a0raise awareness of IMD in older individuals, and develop suggestions to improve the existing burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine child and adolescent meningococcal immunization has substantially reduced IMD in these targeted populations. Consequently, prevalence and proportion of IMD among those\u2009\u226560\u00a0years, mostly unvaccinated, is increasing in developed countries (accounting for up to 25% of cases). IMD-related mortality is highest in this age-group, with substantial sequelae in survivors. IMD due to serogroups W and Y is more prevalent among older adults, often with atypical clinical features (pneumonia, gastrointestinal presentations) which may delay timely treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMD in older adults remains overlooked and greater awareness is required at clinical and societal levels. We encourage clinicians and immunization policy makers to reconsider IMD, with a call for action to remedy existing inequity in older adult access to protective meningococcal immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-00969-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T03:02:49Z","timestamp":1714964569000},"page":"729-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Invasive meningococcal disease in older adults: current perspectives and call for action"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5271-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Weil-Olivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhamed-Kheir","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ener Cagri","family":"Dinleyici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2875-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6390-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Leischker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saber","family":"Yezli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.07910.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.079","volume":"81","author":"SR Parikh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parikh SR, Campbell H, Bettinger JA, Harrison LH, Marshall HS, Martinon-Torres F et al (2020) The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination. 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He also reports the patent NZ630133A \u201cVaccines for serogroup X meningococcus\u201d issued with GSK. SL declares participation in Sanofi\u2019s International Advisory Board on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and engaged in speaking for GSK on Shingrix vaccine. ECD declares performing contract work for Eskisehir Osmangazi University, funded by GSK, Sanofi Pasteur, and Pfizer. PB declares speaking engagements and participation in Advisory Boards for GSK, MSD, Pfizer, Seqirus, Astra Zeneca, Janssen, Sanofi Pasteur, and Moderna. AL declares consulting fees and participation in Advisory Boards for Sanofi Pasteur, and being a member of the \u201cWorking Group on Vaccination\u201d of the German Geriatric Society. SY declares receiving consultation fees, travel grants, and honoraria from Sanofi for attending scientific meetings and presentations. CWO declares participation to speaking engagements and in Advisory boards for Sanofi, Pfizer,\u00a0Sequirus,\u00a0Astra-Zeneca, Janssen\u00a0and Novavax;\u00a0and EM declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this review, no informed consent is required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this review, no ethical approval is required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}