{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:29:20Z","timestamp":1791822560332,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trauma in very old adults represents a growing and distinct form of critical illness, reflecting demographic aging and increasing levels of frailty, multimorbidity, and dependency. Unlike younger populations, where trauma is typically driven by high-energy mechanisms, injury in older adults most commonly results from low-energy falls. Despite this, the consequences are often severe, with high rates of\u00a0hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury and thoracic trauma, and subsequent multi-organ dysfunction requiring critical care. Age-related physiological changes, combined with multimorbidity and polypharmacy, alter responses to injury and may mask early signs of deterioration. As a result, commonly used triage systems frequently underestimate injury severity in older patients, contributing to under-triage and delays in access to specialist trauma care. Frailty is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of outcomes, influencing survival, length of stay, and functional recovery, and should be routinely assessed early in the patient pathway. Assessment of frailty and intrinsic capacity in the Emergency Department is often challenging, particularly when relatives or caregivers are unavailable to provide collateral history. Older adults should receive an in-depth assessment and documentation of pre-injury status and prior wishes; however, this is inconsistently performed in routine trauma practice. Management of older trauma patients is complex and often fragmented across specialties, with significant variability in care pathways. Decision-making is further complicated by prognostic uncertainty and the need to align interventions with patient values and baseline function. While ICU admission may improve outcomes in selected patients, survival is frequently accompanied by complications, such as delirium, sarcopenia, and long-term functional impairment. Optimizing outcomes requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach that integrates trauma and geriatric principles, emphasizing early recognition, tailored resuscitation, comprehensive assessment of frailty, and patient-centered care. Future priorities include improving triage accuracy\u00a0and injury recognition, standardizing care pathways, and focusing on meaningful recovery in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T03:40:40Z","timestamp":1781754040000},"page":"1723-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trauma as a critical condition in the very old: assessment, care pathways and outcome differences"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0647-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susannah","family":"Leaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Lumley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Hancorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1512_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Injuries and violence. 2021 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence"},{"issue":"10513","key":"1512_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01330-3","volume":"406","author":"Collaborators GBDD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDD (2025) Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950-2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet 406(10513):1731\u20131810","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1512_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101610","volume":"52","author":"LA Carrasco-Ribelles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Roso-Llorach A, Cabrera-Bean M, Costa-Garrido A, Zabaleta-Del-Olmo E, Toran-Monserrat P et al (2022) Dynamics of multimorbidity and frailty, and their contribution to mortality, nursing home and home care need: a primary care cohort of 1 456 052 ageing people. EClinicalMedicine 52:101610","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt088","volume":"42","author":"A B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2013","unstructured":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan A, Brandt M, Hunkler C, Kneip T, Korbmacher J, Malter F et al (2013) Data resource profile: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Int J Epidemiol 42(4):992\u20131001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1512_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205265","volume":"32","author":"A Kehoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kehoe A, Smith JE, Edwards A, Yates D, Lecky F (2015) The changing face of major trauma in the UK. Emerg Med J 32(12):911\u2013915","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280345","volume":"18","author":"A Benhamed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benhamed A, Batomen B, Boucher V, Yadav K, Mercier E, Isaac CJ et al (2023) Epidemiology, injury pattern and outcome of older trauma patients: A 15-year study of level-I trauma centers. PLoS ONE 18(1):e0280345","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"1512_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06180.x","volume":"83","author":"MM Dinh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dinh MM, Roncal S, Byrne CM, Petchell J (2013) Growing trend in older patients with severe injuries: mortality and mechanisms of injury between 1991 and 2010 at an inner city major trauma centre. ANZ J Surg 83(1\u20132):65\u201369","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz151","volume":"49","author":"JR Dixon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dixon JR, Lecky F, Bouamra O, Dixon P, Wilson F, Edwards A et al (2020) Age and the distribution of major injury across a national trauma system. Age Ageing 49(2):218\u2013226","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00275-4","volume":"11","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Dai F, Huang S, Qi D, Peng C, Zhang A et al (2025) Global, regional, and national burden of falls among older adults: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and projections to 2040. NPJ Aging 11(1):85","journal-title":"NPJ Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000174","volume":"3","author":"E Cole","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cole E, Aylwin C, Christie R, Dillane B, Farrah H, Hopkins P et al (2022) Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Older Major Trauma Critical Care Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. Ann Surg Open 3(2):e174","journal-title":"Ann Surg Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"1512_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1159\/000537718","volume":"70","author":"CF Duncan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duncan CF, Lonsdale DO, Farrah H, Farnell-Ward S, Ryan C, Watson X et al (2024) 30-Day mortality among very old patients admitted to European intensive care units for major trauma. Gerontology 70(7):715\u2013723","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05350-1","volume":"24","author":"V Legros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Legros V, Seube-Remy PA, Floch T, Chauchard C, Leclercq-Rouget M, Prevot-Minella PA et al (2024) Frailty and 6-month trajectory of elderly trauma patients over the age of 65 years admitted to intensive care unit for severe trauma: experience of a level 1 trauma center. BMC Geriatr 24(1):759","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1512_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02622-8","volume":"50","author":"V Legros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Legros V, Picard B, Pasqueron J, Kanagaratnam L, Garrigue D, Rozenberg E et al (2024) Prognosis of major trauma in patients older than 85 years admitted to the ICU, a registry-based study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 50(6):3199\u20133208","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1512_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00122-2","volume":"3","author":"B Carter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carter B, Short R, Bouamra O, Parry F, Shipway D, Thompson J et al (2022) A national study of 23 major trauma centres to investigate the effect of frailty on clinical outcomes in older people admitted with serious injury in England (FiTR 1): a multicentre observational study. Lancet Healthy Longev 3(8):e540\u2013e548","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0436-3","volume":"25","author":"B de Groot","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Groot B, Stolwijk F, Warmerdam M, Lucke JA, Singh GK, Abbas M et al (2017) The most commonly used disease severity scores are inappropriate for risk stratification of older emergency department sepsis patients: an observational multi-centre study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 25(1):91","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00658.x","volume":"17","author":"M Nemec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nemec M, Koller M, Nickel C (2010) Patients presenting to the emergency department with non-specific complaints: the Basel non-specific complaints (BANC) study. Acad Emerg Med 17(3):284\u2013292","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00512-5","volume":"12","author":"A Alshibani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshibani A, Alharbi M, Conroy S (2021) Under-triage of older trauma patients in prehospital care: a systematic review. Eur Geriatr Med 12(5):903\u2013919","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"1512_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2025.109524","volume":"185","author":"SK Kishawi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kishawi SK, Mahajan A, Nahmias J, Petrone P, Ho VP, Group ESM (2025) Patterns and implications of missed injuries on computed tomography imaging in older blunt trauma patients. Surgery 185:109524","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"1512_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4940-8","volume":"43","author":"H Flaatten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flaatten H, De Lange DW, Morandi A, Andersen FH, Artigas A, Bertolini G et al (2017) The impact of frailty on ICU and 30-day mortality and the level of care in very elderly patients (>\/= 80 years). Intensive Care Med 43(12):1820\u20131828","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1512_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004444","volume":"48","author":"NE Brummel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brummel NE, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Jarrett RT, Raman R et al (2020) Prevalence and course of frailty in survivors of critical illness. Crit Care Med 48(10):1419\u20131426","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-08253-w","volume":"52","author":"LE Ferrante","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ferrante LE, Vallet H, Ho JQ, Brummel NE (2026) Challenges and strategies in the care of older adults across the continuum of intensive and post-intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med 52(1):63\u201375","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00340-1","volume":"15","author":"L Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang L, Zheng Z, Zhang M (2020) The incidence of geriatric trauma is increasing and comparison of different scoring tools for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in geriatric trauma patients. World J Emerg Surg 15(1):59","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.007","volume":"52","author":"M Cuevas-\u00d8strem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cuevas-\u00d8strem M, R\u00f8ise O, Wisborg T, Jeppesen E (2021) Epidemiology of geriatric trauma patients in Norway: a nationwide analysis of Norwegian Trauma Registry data, 2015-2018. A retrospective cohort study. Injury 52(3):450\u2013459","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-023-01169-8","volume":"32","author":"E Cole","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cole E, Crouch R, Baxter M, Wang C, Sivapathasuntharam D, Peck G et al (2024) Investigating the effects of frailty on six-month outcomes in older trauma patients admitted to UK major trauma centres: a multi-centre follow up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 32(1):1","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"1512_CR25","volume-title":"Major trauma in older people","author":"TARN","year":"2017","unstructured":"TARN (2017) Major trauma in older people. The Trauma Audit and Research Network"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0304","volume":"9","author":"S Wongrakpanich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wongrakpanich S, Kallis C, Prasad P, Rangaswami J, Rosenzweig A (2018) The study of rhabdomyolysis in the elderly: an epidemiological study and single center experience. Aging Dis 9(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"1512_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.12.027","volume":"101","author":"N Nunes","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nunes N, Nasef H, Baum S, Kumar S, Werling A, Patel H et al (2026) Outcomes of adult & geriatric trauma patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated at level I or II ACS-verified trauma centers: towards optimizing geriatric trauma care. Am J Emerg Med 101:61\u201370","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2021-212184","volume":"40","author":"C Battle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Battle C, Carter K, Newey L, Giamello JD, Melchio R, Hutchings H (2023) Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J 40(5):369\u2013378","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1512_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2018-207943","volume":"36","author":"N Ferrah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferrah N, Cameron P, Gabbe B, Fitzgerald M, Judson R, Marasco S et al (2019) Ageing population has changed the nature of major thoracic injury. Emerg Med J 36(6):340\u2013345","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.13000","volume":"41","author":"N Ferrah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferrah N, Dipnall J, Gabbe B, Cameron P, Ibrahim J, Beck B (2022) Injury profiles and clinical management of older patients with major trauma. Australas J Ageing 41(1):116\u2013125","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-021-02416-4","volume":"52","author":"S Afzal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afzal S, Zaidi STR, Merchant HA, Babar ZU, Hasan SS (2021) Prescribing trends of oral anticoagulants in England over the last decade: a focus on new and old drugs and adverse events reporting. J Thromb Thrombolysis 52(2):646\u2013653","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1512_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12424-y","volume":"271","author":"A Karamian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karamian A, Seifi A, Karamian A, Lucke-Wold B (2024) Incidence of intracranial bleeding in mild traumatic brain injury patients taking oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 271(7):3849\u20133868","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000575","volume":"76","author":"AI Maas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maas AI, Menon DK, Steyerberg EW, Citerio G, Lecky F, Manley GT et al (2015) Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI): a prospective longitudinal observational study. Neurosurgery 76(1):67\u201380","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"1512_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2301292","volume":"391","author":"DH Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim DH, Rockwood K (2024) Frailty in older adults. N Engl J Med 391(6):538\u2013548","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1512_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galet C, Bloeser C, Engelbart J, Eyck PT, Torner J, Skeete D. Frailty is associated with poor outcomes in midlife trauma patients. The American Journal of Surgery. 2025;241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2024.116157"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02924-5","volume":"51","author":"E Hamdioglu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamdioglu E, Altuntas M, Celik A, Yavasi O (2025) Predicting mortality and intensive care needs in geriatric trauma patients: a ROC analysis of frailty and trauma scoring systems. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 51(1):262","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000532","volume":"29","author":"H Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu H, Chen L, Li J, Li J, Yang D, Yang M et al (2024) Impact of Frailty on Inpatient Outcomes of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Evidence From US National Inpatient Sample. Neurologist 29(2):82\u201390","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.08.016","volume":"32","author":"TS Yeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeh TS, Kang JH, Littlejohns TJ, Wu CC, Chen JH, Piravej K et al (2024) Frailty and other factors associated with early outcomes in middle-to older age trauma patients: a prospective cohort study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 32(2):244\u2013255","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.036","volume":"176","author":"W Rafaqat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rafaqat W, Panossian VS, Abiad M, Ghaddar K, Ilkhani S, Grobman B et al (2024) The impact of frailty on long-term functional outcomes in severely injured geriatric patients. Surgery 176(4):1148\u20131154","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"1512_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibitoye S, Bridgeman-Rutledge L, Short R, Braude P, Pocock L, Carter B. Frailty is associated with long-term outcomes in older trauma patients: A prospective cohort study. Injury. 2024;55(2).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.111265"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17472","volume":"70","author":"P Braude","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braude P, Carter B, Parry F, Ibitoye S, Rickard F, Walton B et al (2022) Predicting 1 year mortality after traumatic injury using the Clinical Frailty Scale. J Am Geriatr Soc 70(1):158\u2013167","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1512_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S297850","volume":"13","author":"A Alshibani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshibani A, Banerjee J, Lecky F, Coats TJ, Alharbi M, Conroy S (2021) New horizons in understanding appropriate prehospital identification and trauma triage for older adults. Open Access Emerg Med 13:117\u2013135","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1512_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722","volume":"62","author":"K Rockwood","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Mitnitski A (2007) Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 62(7):722\u2013727","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","volume":"173","author":"K Rockwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I et al (2005) A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 173(5):489\u2013495","journal-title":"CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal."},{"key":"1512_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott A, Hull L, Conroy S (2017) Frailty identification in the emergency department-a systematic review focussing on feasibility. Age Ageing, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx019"},{"key":"1512_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott A, Taub N, Banerjee J, Aijaz F, Jones W, Teece L, et al (2020) Does the clinical frailty scale at triage predict outcomes from emergency care for older people? Ann Emerg Med","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.09.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-021-00940-z","volume":"29","author":"AJ Boulton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boulton AJ, Peel D, Rahman U, Cole E (2021) Evaluation of elderly specific pre-hospital trauma triage criteria: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 29(1):127","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.52092","volume":"9","author":"BW Tillmann","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tillmann BW, Nathens AB, Guttman MP, Freedman C, Pequeno P, Scales DC et al (2026) Triage accuracy and the 2015 Field Trauma Triage Criteria Update. JAMA Netw Open 9(1):e2552092","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1512_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haussner WK, Breyre AM, Bascombe K, Barrett WJ, Camacho MA, Overton-Harris P, et al. Prehospital trauma compendium: management of geriatric trauma patients\u2014a position statement and resource document of NAEMSP. Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors. 2025:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2025.2557006"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003039","volume":"90","author":"G Fuller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuller G, Pandor A, Essat M, Sabir L, Buckley-Woods H, Chatha H et al (2021) Diagnostic accuracy of prehospital triage tools for identifying major trauma in elderly injured patients: a systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 90(2):403\u2013412","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002646","volume":"89","author":"MA Horst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horst MA, Morgan ME, Vernon TM, Bradburn EH, Cook AD, Shtayyeh T et al (2020) The geriatric trauma patient: a neglected individual in a mature trauma system. J Trauma Acute Care Surgery 89(1):192\u2013198","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01432-0","volume":"33","author":"DA Koch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koch DA, Becker L, Schweigkofler U, Hagebusch P, Faul P, Waydhas C et al (2025) Undertriage in geriatric trauma: insights from a multicentre cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 33(1):123","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2025-001770","volume":"10","author":"SM Fakhry","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fakhry SM, Shen Y, Wilson NY, Orlando A (2025) Multicenter study of trauma activation criteria and time-sensitive care in older versus younger adults. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 10(4):e001770","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"1512_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2025.116615","volume":"249","author":"AR Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang AR, Lundy M, Otaibi B, Johnson KG, Roberts HS, Mahankali P et al (2025) Triage of the injured older adult: a narrative review of nationwide hospital practices. Am J Surg 249:116615","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.04.003","volume":"57","author":"JM Bardes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bardes JM, Benjamin E, Schellenberg M, Inaba K, Demetriades D (2019) Old age with a traumatic mechanism of injury should be a trauma team activation criterion. J Emerg Med 57(2):151\u2013155","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz153","volume":"49","author":"M B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9 M, Pasquotti T, Klassen B, Brisson A, Tze N, Moore L (2020) Implementation of the best practice guidelines on geriatric trauma care: a Canadian perspective. Age Ageing 49(2):227\u2013232","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.12.011","volume":"230","author":"GE Hatton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatton GE, McNutt MK, Cotton BA, Hudson JA, Wade CE, Kao LS (2020) Age-dependent association of occult hypoperfusion and outcomes in trauma. J Am Coll Surg 230(4):417\u2013425","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000523","volume":"78","author":"JB Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown JB, Gestring ML, Forsythe RM, Stassen NA, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB et al (2015) Systolic blood pressure criteria in the National Trauma Triage Protocol for geriatric trauma: 110 is the new 90. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78(2):352\u2013359","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1512_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14376","volume":"64","author":"JM Caterino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caterino JM, Brown NV, Hamilton MW, Ichwan B, Khaliqdina S, Evans DC et al (2016) Effect of geriatric-specific trauma triage criteria on outcomes in injured older adults: a statewide retrospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 64(10):1944\u20131951","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134820951450","volume":"87","author":"RV Anantha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anantha RV, Painter MD, Diaz-Garelli F, Nunn AM, Miller PR 3rd, Chang MC et al (2021) Undertriage despite use of geriatric-specific trauma team activation guidelines: who are we missing? Am Surg 87(3):419\u2013426","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 4","key":"1512_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S345","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318270191f","volume":"73","author":"JF Calland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calland JF, Ingraham AM, Martin N, Marshall GT, Schulman CI, Stapleton T et al (2012) Evaluation and management of geriatric trauma: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surgery 73(5 Suppl 4):S345\u2013S350","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000282","volume":"4","author":"AH Ringen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ringen AH, Gaski IA, Rustad H, Skaga NO, Gaarder C, Naess PA (2019) Improvement in geriatric trauma outcomes in an evolving trauma system. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 4(1):e000282","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.06.011","volume":"37","author":"KK Hung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung KK, Yeung JHH, Cheung CSK, Leung LY, Cheng RCH, Cheung NK et al (2019) Trauma team activation criteria and outcomes of geriatric trauma: 10\u202fyear single centre cohort study. Am J Emerg Med 37(3):450\u2013456","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1512_CR64","unstructured":"ACS. Best practices guidelines for geriatric trauma 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/ubyj2ubl\/best-practices-guidelines-geriatric-trauma.pdf."},{"key":"1512_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.010","volume":"315","author":"S Sober","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sober S, Langman L, Mukhi A, Martin J, Vosswinkel J, Singer AJ et al (2025) Geriatric trauma activation. J Surg Res 315:231\u2013240","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"1512_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S212617","volume":"11","author":"FB Fernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez FB, Ong A, Martin AP, Schwab CW, Wasser T, Butts CA et al (2019) Success of an expedited emergency department triage evaluation system for geriatric trauma patients not meeting trauma activation criteria. Open Access Emerg Med 11:241\u2013247","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1087","key":"1512_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170739","volume":"91","author":"A Atinga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Atinga A, Shekkeris A, Fertleman M, Batrick N, Kashef E, Dick E (2018) Trauma in the elderly patient. Br J Radiol 91(1087):20170739","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"1512_CR68","unstructured":"LMTS. Palliative and End of Life Care considerations for older trauma patients 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.c4ts.qmul.ac.uk\/downloads\/lmtspalliative---eol-care-in-older-trauma-patients-v1-jan-2024.pdf."},{"key":"1512_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khashaba AA, Brett SJ, Warner BE. Cultural and religious influences on shared decision-making in treatment escalation planning with older adults in the acute setting: a qualitative secondary analysis of interview studies seeking clinician and patient perspectives. Age and Ageing. 2025;54(12).","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf357"},{"key":"1512_CR70","unstructured":"NICE. About shared decision making 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/what-nice-does\/our-guidance\/about-nice-guidelines\/about-shared-decision-making."},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05853-1","volume":"46","author":"B Guidet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guidet B, de Lange DW, Boumendil A, Leaver S, Watson X, Boulanger C et al (2020) The contribution of frailty, cognition, activity of daily life and comorbidities on outcome in acutely admitted patients over 80 years in European ICUs: the VIP2 study. Intensive Care Med 46(1):57\u201369","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1512_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206801103","volume":"68","author":"AM Schulman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schulman AM, Claridge JA, Young JS (2002) Young versus old: factors affecting mortality after blunt traumatic injury. Am Surg 68(11):942\u2013947 (discussion 7-8)","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-024-00537-8","volume":"19","author":"B De Simone","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Simone B, Chouillard E, Podda M, Pararas N, de Carvalho DG, Fugazzola P et al (2024) The 2023 WSES guidelines on the management of trauma in elderly and frail patients. World Journal of Emergency Surgery\u202f: WJES 19(1):18","journal-title":"World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2023.12.011","volume":"50","author":"JD Mills","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mills JD (2024) Trauma diamond of death: adding calcium to the lethal triad. J Emerg Nurs 50(3):330\u2013335","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00791-0","volume":"14","author":"BMG Snijders","year":"2023","unstructured":"Snijders BMG, Roos MJ, Keijsers C (2023) Incidences of underlying causes of hypothermia in older patients in the emergency department: a systematic review. Eur Geriatr Med 14(3):411\u2013420","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004103","volume":"95","author":"DT Lammers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lammers DT, Holcomb JB (2023) Damage control resuscitation in adult trauma patients: what you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 95(4):464\u2013471","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2022.11.005","volume":"21","author":"NS Curry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Curry NS, Davenport R, Wong H, Gaarder C, Johansson P, Juffermans NP et al (2023) Traumatic coagulopathy in the older patient: analysis of coagulation profiles from the Activation of Coagulation and Inflammation in Trauma-2 (ACIT-2) observational, multicenter study. J Thromb Haemost 21(2):215\u2013226","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1512_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1324073","volume":"11","author":"S Fitschen-Oestern","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fitschen-Oestern S, Franke GM, Kirsten N, Lefering R, Lippross S, Schr\u00f6der O et al (2024) Does tranexamic acid have a positive effect on the outcome of older multiple trauma patients on antithrombotic drugs? An analysis using the TraumaRegister DGU(\u00ae). Front Med Lausanne 11:1324073","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112159","volume":"56","author":"M Keirsey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Keirsey M, Niziolek GM (2025) Management of post-injury anticoagulation in the traumatic brain injury patient: a scoping review. Injury 56(2):112159","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002830","volume":"89","author":"EJ Ley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ley EJ, Brown CVR, Moore EE, Sava JA, Peck K, Ciesla DJ et al (2020) Updated guidelines to reduce venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: a Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 89(5):971\u2013981","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"25","key":"1512_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042783","volume":"104","author":"C Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C, Tian S, Wang C (2025) Review of trauma scoring systems in geriatric patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 104(25):e42783","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1512_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00144-1","volume":"3","author":"P Braude","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braude P, Short R, Bouamra O, Shipway D, Lecky F, Carlton E et al (2022) A national study of 23 major trauma centres to investigate the effect of a geriatrician assessment on clinical outcomes in older people admitted with serious injury in England (FiTR 2): a multicentre observational cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 3(8):e549\u2013e557","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"1512_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.06.054","volume":"219","author":"OJ Pyke Jr.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pyke OJ Jr., Rubano JA, Vosswinkel JA, McCormack JE, Huang EC, Jawa RS (2017) Admission of elderly blunt thoracic trauma patients directly to the intensive care unit improves outcomes. J Surg Res 219:334\u2013340","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"1512_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0788-x","volume":"19","author":"EL Vanzant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vanzant EL, Hilton RE, Lopez CM, Zhang J, Ungaro RF, Gentile LF et al (2015) Advanced age is associated with worsened outcomes and a unique genomic response in severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock. Critical Care (London, England) 19:77","journal-title":"Critical Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1512_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06503-1","volume":"47","author":"JL Stollings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stollings JL, Kotfis K, Chanques G, Pun BT, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW (2021) Delirium in critical illness: clinical manifestations, outcomes, and management. Intensive Care Med 47(10):1089\u20131103","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49950","volume":"6","author":"CH Ormseth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ormseth CH, LaHue SC, Oldham MA, Josephson SA, Whitaker E, Douglas VC (2023) Predisposing and precipitating factors associated with delirium: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open 6(1):e2249950","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e711","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006574","volume":"53","author":"K Lewis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lewis K, Balas MC, Stollings JL, McNett M, Girard TD, Chanques G et al (2025) A focused update to the clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, anxiety, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med 53(3):e711\u2013e727","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003482","volume":"47","author":"BT Pun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pun BT, Balas MC, Barnes-Daly MA, Thompson JL, Aldrich JM, Barr J et al (2019) Caring for critically ill patients with the ABCDEF bundle: results of the ICU liberation collaborative in over 15,000 adults. Crit Care Med 47(1):3\u201314","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1512_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White N, Bazo-Alvarez JC, Koopmans M, West E, Sampson EL. Understanding the association between pain and delirium in older hospital inpatients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing. 2024;53(4).","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae073"},{"issue":"10","key":"1512_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.06.001","volume":"20","author":"A Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams A, Bigham C, Marchbank A (2020) Anaesthetic and surgical management of rib fractures. BJA Educ 20(10):332\u2013340","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003258","volume":"91","author":"KM O'Connell","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell KM, Patel KV, Powelson E, Robinson BRH, Boyle K, Peschman J et al (2021) Use of regional analgesia and risk of delirium in older adults with multiple rib fractures: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 91(2):265\u2013271","journal-title":"The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery"},{"issue":"9678","key":"1512_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60658-9","volume":"373","author":"WD Schweickert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL et al (2009) Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 373(9678):1874\u20131882","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"1512_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11148","volume":"106","author":"AJ Fowler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fowler AJ, Abbott TEF, Prowle J, Pearse RM (2019) Age of patients undergoing surgery. Br J Surg 106(8):1012\u20131018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024","volume":"134","author":"CJ Swarbrick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Swarbrick CJ, Williams K, Evans B, Blake HA, Poulton T, Nava S et al (2025) Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study. Br J Anaesth 134(2):328\u2013340","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"20","key":"1512_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2025.0023","volume":"34","author":"F Chalk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chalk F, Palmer A (2025) The impact of ageing and frailty on wound healing. Br J Nurs 34(20):S27-s34","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1810014","volume":"42","author":"KA Maaneb de Macedo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maaneb de Macedo KA, Scott J, Janeway MG (2025) The interface of trauma surgery and interventional radiology: the trauma surgeon\u2019s perspective. Semin Intervent Radiol 42(4):447\u2013458","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"1512_CR97","unstructured":"NICE. Rehabilitation after traumatic injury 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng211\/resources\/rehabilitation-after-traumatic-injury-pdf-66143770162117."},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2025.100548","volume":"26","author":"B Arun","year":"2026","unstructured":"Arun B, Lewis SHM (2026) Frailty and deconditioning on the acute take. Clin Med (Lond) 26(2):100548","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1512_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302127","volume":"19","author":"A Pandor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pandor A, Essat M, Sutton A, Fuller G, Reid S, Smith JE et al (2024) Cervical spine immobilisation following blunt trauma in pre-hospital and emergency care: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 19(4):e0302127","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1512_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1445828","volume":"32","author":"GE Peck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peck GE, Shipway DJH, Tsang K, Fertleman M (2018) Cervical spine immobilisation in the elderly: a literature review. Br J Neurosurg 32(3):286\u2013290","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1512_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e386","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00086-7","volume":"4","author":"P Baji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baji P, Patel R, Judge A, Johansen A, Griffin J, Chesser T et al (2023) Organisational factors associated with hospital costs and patient mortality in the 365 days following hip fracture in England and Wales (REDUCE): a record-linkage cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 4(8):e386\u2013e398","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"1512_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx035","author":"JM Fisher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher JM, Bates C, Banerjee J (2017) The growing challenge of major trauma in older people: a role for comprehensive geriatric assessment? Age Ageing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afx035","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083450","volume":"14","author":"CP Bretherton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bretherton CP, Hirst R, Gacaferi H, Gower J, Exell L, Johnston S et al (2024) Research priorities for the management of major trauma: an international priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance. BMJ Open 14(5):e083450","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1512_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-020-00357-4","volume":"20","author":"A Alshibani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshibani A, Banerjee J, Lecky F, Coats TJ, Prest R, Mitchell \u00c1 et al (2020) A consensus building exercise to determine research priorities for silver trauma. BMC Emerg Med 20(1):63","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1512_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003626","volume":"93","author":"B Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph B, Saljuqi AT, Phuong J, Shipper E, Braverman MA, Bixby PJ et al (2022) Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: results from the geriatric research gap Delphi survey. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 93(2):209\u2013219","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"}],"container-title":["European Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:02:23Z","timestamp":1789063343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01512-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"SC is clinical lead for the national frailty related improvement collaboratives. No other declarations of interest or competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}