{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:07:22Z","timestamp":1789063642823,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["H2021103001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2021103001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Geriatr Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:01:49Z","timestamp":1783087309000},"page":"2285-2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between the preoperative stress hyperglycemia ratio and postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huikai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baosheng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3180-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1007","volume":"373","author":"ME Wilcox","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilcox ME, Girard TD, Hough CL (2021) Delirium and long term cognition in critically ill patients. BMJ 373:n1007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"1534_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70516","volume":"21","author":"EML Bowman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bowman EML, McAuley DF, McGuinness B, Passmore AP, Beverland D, Zetterberg H et al (2025) Identifying subphenotypes of patients undergoing post-operative delirium assessment. Alzheimers Dement 21(7):e70516","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"1534_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005739","volume":"134","author":"LJ Wachtendorf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wachtendorf LJ, Azimaraghi O, Santer P, Linhardt FC, Blank M, Suleiman A et al (2022) Association Between Intraoperative Arterial Hypotension and Postoperative Delirium After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Anesth Analg 134(4):822\u2013833","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1534_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004774","volume":"140","author":"H Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma H, Ahrens E, Wachtendorf LJ, Suleiman A, Shay D, Munoz-Acuna R et al (2024) Intraoperative Use of Phenylephrine versus Ephedrine and Postoperative Delirium: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Anesthesiology 140(4):657\u2013667","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1534_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003834","volume":"135","author":"YW Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li YW, Li HJ, Li HJ, Zhao BJ, Guo XY, Feng Y et al (2021) Delirium in Older Patients after Combined Epidural-General Anesthesia or General Anesthesia for Major Surgery: A Randomized Trial. Anesthesiology 135(2):218\u2013232","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02751-3","volume":"24","author":"G Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song G, Liu X, Lu Z, Guan J, Chen X, Li Y et al (2025) Relationship between stress hyperglycaemic ratio (SHR) and critical illness: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 24(1):188","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01395-3","volume":"20","author":"CH Sia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sia CH, Chan MH, Zheng H, Ko J, Ho AF, Chong J et al (2021) Optimal glucose, HbA1c, glucose-HbA1c ratio and stress-hyperglycaemia ratio cut-off values for predicting 1-year mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic acute myocardial infarction patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 20(1):211","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1534_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108959","volume":"178","author":"A Caturano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caturano A, Galiero R, Pafundi PC, Cesaro A, Vetrano E, Palmiero G et al (2021) Does a strict glycemic control during acute coronary syndrome play a cardioprotective effect? Pathophysiology and clinical evidence. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 178:108959","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"1534_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2519467","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.19467","volume":"8","author":"HL Lander","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lander HL, Dick AW, Joynt Maddox KE, Oldham MA, Fleisher LA, Mazzeffi M et al (2025) Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. JAMA Netw Open 8(7):e2519467","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05192-x","volume":"24","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao W, Tang W, Li Y, Sun H et al (2024) Association between preoperative persistent hyperglycemia and postoperative delirium in geriatric hip fracture patients. BMC Geriatr 24(1):585","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"1534_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2660","volume":"100","author":"GW Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts GW, Quinn SJ, Valentine N, Alhawassi T, O\u2019Dea H, Stranks SN et al (2015) Relative hyperglycemia, a marker of critical illness: introducing the stress hyperglycemia ratio. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(12):4490\u20134497","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02613-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xu J, He F, Huang A, Wang J, Liu B et al (2025) Assessment of stress hyperglycemia ratio to predict all-cause mortality in patients with critical cerebrovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database. Cardiovasc Diabetol 24(1):58","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.09.017","volume":"230","author":"MA Hornor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hornor MA, Ma M, Zhou L, Cohen ME, Rosenthal RA, Russell MM et al (2020) Enhancing the American College of Surgeons NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator to Predict Geriatric Outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 230(1):88-100 e101","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1534_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2020.2853","volume":"155","author":"LM Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang LM, Hornor MA, Robinson T, Rosenthal RA, Ko CY, Russell MM (2020) Evaluation of postoperative functional health status decline among older adults. JAMA Surg 155(10):950\u2013958","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1534_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa001","volume":"49","author":"JA Goudzwaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goudzwaard JA, de Ronde-Tillmans M, de Jager TAJ, Lenzen MJ, Nuis RJ, van Mieghem NM et al (2020) Incidence, determinants and consequences of delirium in older patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Age Ageing 49(3):389\u2013394","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"1534_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21558","volume":"323","author":"L Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas L, Li F, Pencina M (2020) Using propensity score methods to create target populations in observational clinical research. JAMA 323(5):466\u2013467","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1534_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad086","author":"BT Dodsworth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dodsworth BT, Reeve K, Falco L, Hueting T, Sadeghirad B, Mbuagbaw L et al (2023) Development and validation of an international preoperative risk assessment model for postoperative delirium. Age Ageing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afad086","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02012-1","volume":"22","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhou Y, Huang H, Liu R, Kang Y, Zhu T et al (2023) Impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio on mortality in patients with critical acute myocardial infarction: insight from American MIMIC-IV and the Chinese CIN-II study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 22(1):281","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1534_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.23301","volume":"77","author":"SJ Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park SJ, Oh AR, Lee JH, Yang K, Park J (2024) Association of preoperative blood glucose level with delirium after non-cardiac surgery in diabetic patients. Korean J Anesthesiol 77(2):226\u2013235","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1534_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1526","volume":"45","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, Zheng Y, Li C, Gao J, Meng X, Zhang K et al (2022) The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia. Diabetes Care 45(4):947\u2013956","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1534_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2023.11.006","volume":"34","author":"P Karakasis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karakasis P, Stalikas N, Patoulias D, Pamporis P, Karagiannidis E, Sagris M et al (2024) Prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review with Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 34(7):453\u2013465","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02467-w","volume":"23","author":"Z Lyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lyu Z, Ji Y, Ji Y (2024) Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and postoperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in noncardiac surgeries: a large perioperative cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 23(1):392","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1534_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14163","volume":"29","author":"Z Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng Z, Song J, Li L, Guo C, Yang J, Kong W et al (2023) Association between stress hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 29(8):2162\u20132170","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02935-6","volume":"22","author":"Q Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song Q, Dai M, Zhao Y, Lin T, Huang L, Yue J (2022) Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and delirium in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr 22(1):277","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1534_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000005149","volume":"141","author":"S Zarour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarour S, Weiss Y, Abu-Ghanim M, Iacubovici L, Shaylor R, Rosenberg O et al (2024) Association between Intraoperative Hypotension and Postoperative Delirium: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Anesthesiology 141(4):707\u2013718","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1534_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","volume":"125","author":"Z Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D (2020) Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management. Br J Anaesth 125(4):492\u2013504","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"1534_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20014","volume":"296","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Triolo F, Ferrara MC, Deiner SG, Morandi A, Cesari M et al (2024) Delirium and frailty in older adults: Clinical overlap and biological underpinnings. J Intern Med 296(5):382\u2013398","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1534_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.03.012","volume":"36","author":"M Mishra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mishra M, Wu J, Kane AE, Howlett SE (2024) The intersection of frailty and metabolism. Cell Metab 36(5):893\u2013911","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1534_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0011","volume":"47","author":"SM An","year":"2023","unstructured":"An SM, Cho SH, Yoon JC (2023) Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health. Diabetes Metab J 47(5):595\u2013611","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80763-x","volume":"14","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Yang Z, Shi R, Wang X, Li X (2024) Stress hyperglycemia ratio association with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with coronary heart disease: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database. Sci Rep 14(1):29110","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02146-w","volume":"23","author":"HM He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He HM, Zheng SW, Xie YY, Wang Z, Jiao SQ, Yang FR et al (2024) Simultaneous assessment of stress hyperglycemia ratio and glycemic variability to predict mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database. Cardiovasc Diabetol 23(1):61","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1534_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15607","volume":"77","author":"CJ Swarbrick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swarbrick CJ, Partridge JSL (2022) Evidence-based strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 77(Suppl 1):92\u2013101","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1534_CR33","first-page":"268","volume":"142","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Liu C, Yang Y, Wu QP, Xu JM, Wang DF et al (2025) Effect of Intraoperative Midazolam on Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients: A Prospective. Multicenter Cohort Study Anesthesiology 142(2):268\u2013277","journal-title":"Multicenter Cohort Study Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1534_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.021","volume":"37","author":"A Alam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alam A, Hana Z, Jin Z, Suen KC, Ma D (2018) Surgery, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. EBioMedicine 37:547\u2013556","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1534_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.005","volume":"129","author":"J Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor J, Parker M, Casey CP, Tanabe S, Kunkel D, Rivera C et al (2022) Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 129(2):219\u2013230","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"1534_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12064","volume":"16","author":"P Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang P, Velagapudi R, Kong C, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Yang T et al (2020) Neurovascular and immune mechanisms that regulate postoperative delirium superimposed on dementia. Alzheimers Dement 16(5):734\u2013749","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1534_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad296","volume":"147","author":"I Titlestad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Titlestad I, Watne LO, Caplan GA, McCann A, Ueland PM, Neerland BE et al (2024) Impaired glucose utilization in the brain of patients with delirium following hip fracture. Brain 147(1):215\u2013223","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["European Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:25:09Z","timestamp":1789061109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-026-01534-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Approval No. S2025-535\u201301). Owing to the retrospective design and exclusive use of anonymized routinely collected data, the Committee waived the requirement for individual informed consent. All patient identifiers were removed prior to analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Owing to the retrospective design and exclusive use of anonymized routinely collected data, the Committee waived the requirement for individual informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}