{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1783483166056,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T22:34:21Z","timestamp":1538174061000},"page":"565-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Iodine intake and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a comparative study between coastal and mainland regions in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"\u03a4.","family":"Giassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Mamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0395.","family":"Gaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kaltsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kouraklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u039a. \u0392.","family":"Markou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Karatzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"57_CR1","volume-title":"Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers","author":"WHO","year":"2007","unstructured":"WHO (2007) Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers, 3rd edn. WHO, Switzerland","edition":"3"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0011","volume":"30","author":"MB Zimmermann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zimmermann MB (2009) Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev 30(4):376\u2013408","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.08.013","volume":"24","author":"P Laurberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laurberg P, Cerqueira C, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB, Perrild H, Andersen S, Pedersen IB, Carle A (2010) Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 24(1):13\u201327","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12A","key":"57_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007360928","volume":"10","author":"GM Escobar de","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Escobar GM, Obregon MJ, del Rey FE (2007) Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy. Public Health Nutr 10(12A):1554\u20131570","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"57_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.163980","volume":"142","author":"KB Markou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Markou KB, Koukkou EG (2012) The Greek population is iodine sufficient and not at risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. J Nutr 142(8):1611 author reply 1612","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.17.04923-0","volume":"108","author":"EG Koukkou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koukkou EG, Roupas ND, Markou KB (2017) Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid on human health. Minerva Med 108(2):136\u2013146","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"57_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007","volume":"29","author":"EN Pearce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearce EN (2015) Thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 29(5):700\u2013706","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"57_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03338.x","volume":"69","author":"A McGrogan","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGrogan A, Seaman HE, Wright JW, de Vries CS (2008) The incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Endocrinol 69(5):687\u2013696","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0407-3","volume":"14","author":"R Root-Bernstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Root-Bernstein R, Fairweather D (2014) Complexities in the relationship between infection and autoimmunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 14(1):407","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"57_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.08.024","volume":"13","author":"Y Saeki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saeki Y, Ishihara K (2014) Infection-immunity liaison: pathogen-driven autoimmune-mimicry (PDAIM). Autoimmun Rev 13(10):1064\u20131069","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"57_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.009","volume":"64","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y (2015) Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 64:82\u201390","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004123","volume":"10","author":"M Medici","year":"2014","unstructured":"Medici M, Porcu E, Pistis G, Teumer A, Brown SJ, Jensen RA, Rawal R, Roef GL, Plantinga TS, Vermeulen SH, Lahti J, Simmonds MJ, Husemoen LL, Freathy RM, Shields BM, Pietzner D, Nagy R, Broer L, Chaker L, Korevaar TI, Plia MG, Sala C, Volker U, Richards JB, Sweep FC, Gieger C, Corre T, Kajantie E, Thuesen B, Taes YE, Visser WE, Hattersley AT, Kratzsch J, Hamilton A, Li W, Homuth G, Lobina M, Mariotti S, Soranzo N, Cocca M, Nauck M, Spielhagen C, Ross A, Arnold A, van de Bunt M, Liyanarachchi S, Heier M, Grabe HJ, Masciullo C, Galesloot TE, Lim EM, Reischl E, Leedman PJ, Lai S, Delitala A, Bremner AP, Philips DI, Beilby JP, Mulas A, Vocale M, Abecasis G, Forsen T, James A, Widen E, Hui J, Prokisch H, Rietzschel EE, Palotie A, Feddema P, Fletcher SJ, Schramm K, Rotter JI, Kluttig A, Radke D, Traglia M, Surdulescu GL, He H, Franklyn JA, Tiller D, Vaidya B, de Meyer T, Jorgensen T, Eriksson JG, O'Leary PC, Wichmann E, Hermus AR, Psaty BM, Ittermann T, Hofman A, Bosi E, Schlessinger D, Wallaschofski H, Pirastu N, Aulchenko YS, de la Chapelle A, Netea-Maier RT, Gough SC, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen H, Frayling TM, Kaufman JM, Linneberg A, Raikkonen K, Smit JW, Kiemeney LA, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Walsh JP, Meisinger C, den Heijer M, Visser TJ, Spector TD, Wilson SG, Volzke H, Cappola A, Toniolo D, Sanna S, Naitza S, Peeters RP (2014) Identification of novel genetic loci associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies and clinical thyroid disease. PLoS Genet 10(2):e1004123","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"57_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104713","volume":"9","author":"Y Tomer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomer Y (2014) Mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases: from genetics to epigenetics. Annu Rev Pathol 9:147\u2013156","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"57_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.12.005","volume":"12","author":"DP Bogdanos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bogdanos DP, Smyk DS, Invernizzi P, Rigopoulou EI, Blank M, Pouria S, Shoenfeld Y (2013) Infectome: a platform to trace infectious triggers of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 12(7):726\u2013740","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2011.03.019","volume":"72","author":"LH Duntas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duntas LH (2011) Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 72(2):108\u2013113","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"57_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.09.001","volume":"33","author":"CL Burek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burek CL, Talor MV (2009) Environmental triggers of autoimmune thyroiditis. J Autoimmun 33(3\u20134):183\u2013189","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02060","volume":"154","author":"PS Hansen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansen PS, Brix TH, Iachine I, Kyvik KO, Hegedus L (2006) The relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the early stages of thyroid autoimmunity: a study of healthy Danish twins. Eur J Endocrinol 154(1):29\u201338","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"57_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0170","volume":"25","author":"F Pani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pani F, Atzori F, Baghino G, Boi F, Tanca L, Ionta MT, Mariotti S (2015) Thyroid dysfunction in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with sunitinib: is thyroid autoimmunity involved? Thyroid 25(11):1255\u20131261","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"57_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomer Y, Blackard JT, Akeno N (2007) Interferon alpha treatment and thyroid dysfunction. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 36 (4):1051\u20131066; x-xi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2007.07.001"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9363-2","volume":"17","author":"S Benvenga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benvenga S, Guarneri F (2016) Molecular mimicry and autoimmune thyroid disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 17(4):485\u2013498","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530315666150619094242","volume":"15","author":"E Guastamacchia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guastamacchia E, Giagulli VA, Licchelli B, Triggiani V (2015) Selenium and iodine in autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 15(4):288\u2013292","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"57_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.02.007","volume":"32","author":"Y Tomer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomer Y, Huber A (2009) The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment. J Autoimmun 32(3\u20134):231\u2013239","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.119","volume":"3","author":"JT Dunn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dunn JT, Crutchfield HE, Gutekunst R, Dunn AD (1993) Two simple methods for measuring iodine in urine. Thyroid 3(2):119\u2013123","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1210129","volume":"121","author":"R Gutekunst","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gutekunst R, Hafermann W, Mansky T, Scriba PC (1989) Ultrasonography related to clinical and laboratory findings in lymphocytic thyroiditis. Acta Endocrinol 121(1):129\u2013135","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"57_CR25","unstructured":"Markou K, Michalaki M, Makri M, Georgopoulos N, Pagoni C, Sorras K, Alexandrides T, Kyriazopoulou V, Vagenakis AG (1996) Iodine intake and thyroid function in villagers and city dwellers in southwestern Greece. Thyroid 1 (Suppl):S79"},{"issue":"6","key":"57_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0348","volume":"18","author":"M Michalaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michalaki M, Kyriazopoulou V, Paraskevopoulou P, Vagenakis AG, Markou KB (2008) The odyssey of nontoxic nodular goiter (NTNG) in Greece under suppression therapy, and after improvement of iodine deficiency. Thyroid 18(6):641\u2013645","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000449285","volume":"6","author":"EG Koukkou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koukkou EG, Ilias I, Mamalis I, Markou KB (2016) Pregnant Greek women may have a higher prevalence of iodine deficiency than the general Greek population. Eur Thyroid J 6(1):26\u201330","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"9381","key":"57_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14038-X","volume":"362","author":"DA Koutras","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koutras DA, Alevizaki M, Tsatsoulis A, Vagenakis AG (2003) Greece is iodine sufficient. Lancet 362(9381):405\u2013406","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"57_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400505","volume":"140","author":"AG Doufas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Doufas AG, Mastorakos G, Chatziioannou S, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Piperingos G, Boukis MA, Mantzos E, Caraiskos CS, Mantzos J, Alevizaki M, Koutras DA (1999) The predominant form of non-toxic goiter in Greece is now autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol 140(6):505\u2013511","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"57_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322021151","volume":"13","author":"C Zois","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zois C, Stavrou I, Kalogera C, Svarna E, Dimoliatis I, Seferiadis K, Tsatsoulis A (2003) High prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in schoolchildren after elimination of iodine deficiency in northwestern Greece. Thyroid 13(5):485\u2013489","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04407.x","volume":"77","author":"EN Pearce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pearce EN, Alexiou M, Koukkou E, Braverman LE, He X, Ilias I, Alevizaki M, Markou KB (2012) Perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure and thyroid function in first-trimester pregnant women from Greece. Clin Endocrinol 77(3):471\u2013474","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-011-9384-4","volume":"33","author":"PP Smyth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smyth PP, Burns R, Huang RJ, Hoffman T, Mullan K, Graham U, Seitz K, Platt U, O'Dowd C (2011) Does iodine gas released from seaweed contribute to dietary iodine intake? Environ Geochem Health 33(4):389\u2013397","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"57_CR33","first-page":"421","volume":"109","author":"P Smyth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smyth P, Burns R, Casey M, Mullan K, O'Herlihy C, O'Dowd C (2016) Iodine status over two decades: influence of seaweed exposure. Ir Med J 109(6):421","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-017-0015-6","volume":"40","author":"T Westby","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westby T, Cadogan A, Duignan G (2018) In vivo uptake of iodine from a Fucus serratus Linnaeus seaweed bath: does volatile iodine contribute? Environ Geochem Health 40(2):683\u2013691","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01633.x","volume":"58","author":"IB Pedersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Laurberg P (2003) Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in a large survey of populations with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. Clin Endocrinol 58(1):36\u201342","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-4-859","volume":"57","author":"MA Boukis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Boukis MA, Koutras DA, Souvatzoglou A, Evangelopoulou A, Vrontakis M, Moulopoulos SD (1983) Thyroid hormone and immunological studies in endemic goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57(4):859\u2013862","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"57_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1768","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2912","volume":"98","author":"F Latrofa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Latrofa F, Fiore E, Rago T, Antonangeli L, Montanelli L, Ricci D, Provenzale MA, Scutari M, Frigeri M, Tonacchera M, Vitti P (2013) Iodine contributes to thyroid autoimmunity in humans by unmasking a cryptic epitope on thyroglobulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):E1768\u2013E1774","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"57_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300176417","volume":"11","author":"P Laurberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laurberg P, Bulow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Ovesen L, Andersen S (2001) Environmental iodine intake affects the type of nonmalignant thyroid disease. Thyroid 11(5):457\u2013469","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.3.4624","volume":"83","author":"P Laurberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laurberg P, Pedersen KM, Hreidarsson A, Sigfusson N, Iversen E, Knudsen PR (1998) Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83(3):765\u2013769","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x","volume":"75","author":"IB Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Carle A, Vejbjerg P, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB, Laurberg P (2011) A cautious iodization programme bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population. Clin Endocrinol 75(1):120\u2013126","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"57_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr030","volume":"99","author":"MP Vanderpump","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vanderpump MP (2011) The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull 99:39\u201351","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x","volume":"43","author":"MP Vanderpump","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F et al (1995) The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 43(1):55\u201368","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"57_CR43","first-page":"398","volume-title":"Werner and Ingbar\u2019s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text, 9th edn. JB","author":"MPJ Vanderpump","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vanderpump MPJ (2005) The epidemiology of thyroid diseases. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD (eds) Werner and Ingbar\u2019s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text, 9th edn. JB. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 398\u2013496"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8245-8","volume":"41","author":"DC Eschler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eschler DC, Hasham A, Tomer Y (2011) Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 41(2):190\u2013197","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"57_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.1636","volume":"20","author":"GA Brent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brent GA (2010) Environmental exposures and autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid 20(7):755\u2013761","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"8","key":"57_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0299","volume":"17","author":"L Papanastasiou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papanastasiou L, Vatalas IA, Koutras DA, Mastorakos G (2007) Thyroid autoimmunity in the current iodine environment. Thyroid 17(8):729\u2013739","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1400503","volume":"140","author":"P Mooij","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mooij P, Simons PJ, de Haan-Meulman M, de Wit HJ, Drexhage HA (1994) Effect of thyroid hormones and other iodinated compounds on the transition of monocytes into veiled\/dendritic cells: role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour-necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. J Endocrinol 140(3):503\u2013512","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(96)10073-6","volume":"18","author":"G Carayanniotis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carayanniotis G, Rao VP (1997) Searching for pathogenic epitopes in thyroglobulin: parameters and caveats. Immunol Today 18(2):83\u201388","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"57_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939808993833","volume":"27","author":"L Rasooly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rasooly L, Rose NR, Saboori AM, Ladenson PW, Burek CL (1998) Iodine is essential for human T cell recognition of human thyroglobulin. Autoimmunity 27(4):213\u2013219","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1470311","volume":"147","author":"MC Many","year":"1995","unstructured":"Many MC, Maniratunga S, Varis I, Dardenne M, Drexhage HA, Denef JF (1995) Two-step development of Hashimoto-like thyroiditis in genetically autoimmune prone non-obese diabetic mice: effects of iodine-induced cell necrosis. J Endocrinol 147(2):311\u2013320","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR51","first-page":"621","volume":"131","author":"MC Many","year":"1992","unstructured":"Many MC, Mestdagh C, van den Hove MF, Denef JF (1992) In vitro study of acute toxic effects of high iodide doses in human thyroid follicles. Endocrinology 131(2):621\u2013630","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"57_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang CJ, Tseng CL, Chen HS, Garabwan C, Korovo S, Tang KT, Won JG, Hsieh CH, Wang FF (2016) Iodine nutritional status of school children in Nauru 2015. Nutrients 8(9)","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8090520"},{"key":"57_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madar AA, Meltzer HM, Heen E, Meyer HE (2018) Iodine status among Somali immigrants in Norway. Nutrients 10(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030305"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","volume":"87","author":"JG Hollowell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH, Gunter EW, Spencer CA, Braverman LE (2002) Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(2):489\u2013499","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3191","volume":"98","author":"T Vadiveloo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vadiveloo T, Donnan PT, Murphy MJ, Leese GP (2013) Age- and gender-specific TSH reference intervals in people with no obvious thyroid disease in Tayside, Scotland: the Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(3):1147\u20131153","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"57_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0574","volume":"25","author":"AC Ven van de","year":"2015","unstructured":"van de Ven AC, Netea-Maier RT, Smit JW, Kusters R, van der Stappen JW, Pronk-Admiraal CJ, Buijs MM, Schoenmakers CH, Koehorst SG, de Groot MJ, Sweep FC, Hermus AR, den Heijer M (2015) Thyrotropin versus age relation as an indicator of historical iodine intake. Thyroid 25(6):629\u2013634","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206","volume":"335","author":"CM Dayan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dayan CM, Daniels GH (1996) Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. N Engl J Med 335(2):99\u2013107","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"57_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4243","volume":"82","author":"Y Tomer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tomer Y (1997) Anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases: cross-reactive or pathogenic? Clin Immunol Immunopathol 82(1):3\u201311","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"57_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(96)01032-1","volume":"769","author":"VPB-CM Papageorgiou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Papageorgiou VPB-CM, Apazidou KK, Psarros EE (1997) Gas chromatographic\u2013mass spectroscopic analysis of the acidic triterpenic fraction of mastic gum. J Chromatogr A 769(2):263\u2013273","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"issue":"8","key":"57_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960856","volume":"65","author":"P Magiatis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magiatis P, Melliou E, Skaltsounis AL, Chinou IB, Mitaku S (1999) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. Planta Med 65(8):749\u2013752","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_CR61","first-page":"143","volume":"53","author":"AK Chandra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chandra AK, Mondal C, Sinha S, Chakraborty A, Pearce EN (2015) Synergic actions of polyphenols and cyanogens of peanut seed coat (Arachis hypogaea) on cytological, biochemical and functional changes in thyroid. Indian J Exp Biol 53(3):143\u2013151","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"57_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.064","volume":"48","author":"AK Chandra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chandra AK, De N (2010) Goitrogenic\/antithyroidal potential of green tea extract in relation to catechin in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 48(8\u20139):2304\u20132311","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Hormones"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T23:37:34Z","timestamp":1662161854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["57"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42000-018-0057-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-3099","2520-8721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-3099","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-8721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This comparative prospective study was approved by the Ethical committee of University Hospital of Patras in Greece and patient consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}