{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:29:25Z","timestamp":1789086565408,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009448","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) are common sexual disorders in people with diabetes. Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized as a predictor of microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glucose variability and sexual dysfunctions in young men with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred and twelve patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 18\u201330\u00a0years, were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to glucose variability [group 1 (high GV with coefficient of variation\u2009\u2265\u200936%)] and group 2 (low GV with coefficient of variation\u2009&lt;\u200936%)). The presence of sexual dysfunctions was investigated with validated questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ED and PE prevalence rates in group 1 were 26% and 13%, respectively. Similarly, in group 2, the prevalence of ED was 24%, and the prevalence of PE was 13%. In both groups, no significant associations between sexual dysfunctions and parameters of glucose variability were found. Multiple  regression analysis identified age and depression as independent predictors of ED and PE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Young male patients affected by type 1 diabetes with high or low glucose variability show a similar prevalence of sexual dysfunctions. ED is the most common sexual dysfunction in diabetic men. Age and depression were the only independent predictive factors for sexual dysfunctions in this population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T01:02:31Z","timestamp":1619744551000},"page":"475-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sexual dysfunctions and short-term glucose variability in young men with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Caruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Sarnataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4659-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ida","family":"Maiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4748-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellastella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"295_CR1","first-page":"95","volume":"7","author":"MI Maiorino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Esposito K (2014) Diabetes and sexual dysfunction: current perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 7:95\u2013105","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"295_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.019","volume":"13","author":"MP McCabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCabe MP, Sharlip ID, Atalla E et al (2016) Definitions of sexual dysfunctions in women and men: a consensus statement from the fourth international consultation on sexual medicine 2015. J Sex Med 13:135\u2013143","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.034","volume":"13","author":"MP McCabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCabe MP, Sharlip ID, Lewis R et al (2016) Incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women and men: a consensus statement from the fourth international consultation on sexual medicine 2015. J Sex Med 13:144\u2013152","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34871-1","volume":"151","author":"HA Feldman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB (1994) Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 151:54\u201361","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"295_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.4.1093","volume":"26","author":"DF Penson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Penson DF, Latini DM, Lubeck DP, Wallace KL, Henning JM, Lue TF (2003) Comprehensive evaluation of erectile dysfunction (ExCEED) database. Do impotent men with diabetes have more severe erectile dysfunction and worse quality of life than the general population of impotent patients? Results from the Exploratory Comprehensive Evaluation of Erectile Dysfunction (ExCEED) database. Diabetes Care 26:1093\u20131099","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805143382001","volume":"338","author":"I Goldstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA (1994) Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. N Engl J Med 338:1397\u20131404","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"295_CR7","first-page":"864","volume":"36","author":"G Corona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corona G, Giorda CB, Cucinotta D, Guida P, Nada E, Gruppo di studio SUBITO-DE, (2013) The SUBITO-DE study: sexual dysfunction in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes male patients. J Endocrinol Invest 36:864\u2013868","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"295_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.2.284","volume":"25","author":"G De Berardis","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Berardis G, Franciosi M, Belfiglio M et al (2002) Erectile dysfunction and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients: a serious problem too often overlooked. Diabetes Care 25:284\u2013291","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2010.1","volume":"22","author":"F Giugliano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giugliano F, Maiorino M, Bellastella G, Gicchino M, Giugliano D, Esposito K (2010) Determinants of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Int J Impot Res 22:204\u2013209","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"295_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2016.38","volume":"29","author":"MI Maiorino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Della Volpe E et al (2017) Erectile dysfunction in young men with type 1 diabetes. Int J Impot Res 29:17\u201322","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"295_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06550.x","volume":"99","author":"A Al-Hunayan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Hunayan A, Al-Mutar M, Kehinde EO, Thalib L, Al-Ghorory M (2007) The prevalence and predictors of erectile dysfunction in men with newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BJU Int 99:130\u2013134","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"295_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.27","volume":"2","author":"EC Serefoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Serefoglu EC, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD et al (2014) An evidence-based unified definition of lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation: report of the second international society for sexual medicine ad hoc committee for the definition of premature ejaculation. Sex Med 2:41\u201359","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.03.11","volume":"5","author":"A Majzoub","year":"2016","unstructured":"Majzoub A, Arafa M, Al-Said S, Dabbous Z, Aboulsoud S, Khalafalla K et al (2016) Premature ejaculation in type II diabetes mellitus patients: association with glycemic control. Transl Androl Urol 5:248\u2013254","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"295_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.004","volume":"51","author":"H Porst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porst H, Montorsi F, Rosen RC, Gaynor L, Grupe S, Alexander J (2007) The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. Eur Urol 51:816\u2013823","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"295_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13403","volume":"34","author":"Y Kouidrat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kouidrat Y, Pizzol D, Cosco T, Thompson T, Carnaghi M, Bertoldo A, Solmi M, Stubbs B, Veronese N (2017) High prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 145 studies. Diabet Med 34:1185\u20131192","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"295_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307293290502","volume":"329","author":"P Reichard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reichard P, Nilsson BY, Rosenqvist U (1993) The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329:304\u2013309","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"295_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0528-7","volume":"14","author":"L Ang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ang L, Jaiswal M, Martin C (2014) Pop-Busui R (2014) Glucose control and diabetic neuropathy: lessons from recent large clinical trials. Curr Diab Rep 14:528","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"295_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.19.2563","volume":"287","author":"The DCCT\/EDIC Research Group","year":"2002","unstructured":"The DCCT\/EDIC Research Group (2002) The effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 287:2563\u20132569","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"295_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2426","volume":"40","author":"JM Lachin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lachin JM, Bebu I, Bergenstal RM, Pop-Busui R, Service FJ, Zinman B, Nathan DM, DCCT\/EDIC Research Group (2017) Association of glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes with progression of microvascular outcomes in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes Care 40:777\u2013783","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100010038019","volume":"113","author":"The DCCT Research Group","year":"1995","unstructured":"The DCCT Research Group (1995) The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the diabetes control and complication trial. Arch Ophthalmol 113:36\u201351","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"295_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2008.04.005","volume":"34","author":"J Bragd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bragd J, Adamson U, B\u00e4cklund LB, Lins PE, Moberg E, Oskarsson P (2008) Can glycaemic variability, as calculated from blood glucose self-monitoring, predict the development of complications in type 1 diabetes over a decade? Diabetes Metab 34:612\u2013616","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"295_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(02)00197-6","volume":"17","author":"JA Gimeno-Orna","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gimeno-Orna JA, Castro-Alonso FJ, Boned-Juliani B, Lou-Arnal LM (2003) Fasting plasma glucose variability as a risk factor of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 17:78\u201381","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"295_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1610","volume":"62","author":"JH DeVries","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeVries JH (2013) Glucose variability: where it is important and how to measure it. Diabetes 62:1405\u20131408","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"295_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0372","volume":"19","author":"P Dandona","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dandona P (2017) Minimizing glycemic fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: approaches and importance. Diabetes Technol Ther 19:498\u2013506","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"295_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472","volume":"11","author":"RC Rosen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Pe\u00f1a BM (1999) Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 11:319\u2013326","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"295_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.02.020","volume":"57","author":"K Hatzimouratidis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Montorsi F, Vardi Y, Wespes E, European Association of Urology (2010) Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur Urol 57:804\u2013814","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"295_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.01.028","volume":"52","author":"T Symonds","year":"2007","unstructured":"Symonds T, Perelman MA, Althof S (2007) Development and validation of a premature ejaculation diagnostic tool. Eur Urol 52:565\u2013573","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"295_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000066239","volume":"31","author":"P Richter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richter P, Werner J, Heerlein A, Kraus A, Sauer H (1998) On the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory. A review. Psychopathology 31:160\u2013168","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"295_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","volume":"42","author":"T Battelino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM et al (2019) Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range. Diabetes Care 42:1593\u20131603","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01302-9","volume":"43","author":"M Longo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Longo M, Scappaticcio L, Castaldo F, METRO study group (2021) Sexual dysfunctions in young women with type 1 diabetes and high glucose variability: findings from the METRO study. J Endocrinol Invest 43:1823\u20131825","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"295_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.07.012","volume":"14","author":"MR Palmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmer MR, Holt SK, Sarma AV et al (2017) Longitudinal patterns of occurrence and remission of erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes. J Sex Med 14:1187\u20131194","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0294","volume":"36","author":"SJ Turek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turek SJ, Hastings SM, Sun JK, King GL, Keenan HA (2013) Sexual dysfunction as a marker of cardiovascular disease in males with 50 or more years of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 36:3222\u20133226","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wessells H, Penson DF, Cleary P et al (2011) Effect of intensive glycemic therapy on erectile function in men with type 1 diabetes. J Urol 185:1828\u20131834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.098"},{"key":"295_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.015","volume":"13","author":"MP McCabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCabe MP, Sharlip ID, Lewis R et al (2016) Risk factors for sexual dysfunction among women and men: a consensus statement from the fourth international consultation on sexual medicine 2015. J Sex Med 13:153\u2013167","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12755","volume":"12","author":"G Bellastella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bellastella G, Maiorino MI, Olita L et al (2015) Della Volpe E, Giugliano D, Esposito K. Premature ejaculation is associated with glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes. J Sex Med 12:93\u201399","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.06.010","volume":"120","author":"E Selvin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selvin E, Burnett AL, Platz EA (2007) Prevalence and risk factors for ED in the US. Am J Med 120:151","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"295_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1723","volume":"34","author":"A Peters","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peters A, Laffel L (2011) American Diabetes Association Transitions Working Group Diabetes care for emerging adults: recommendations for transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care systems: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, with representation by the American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Osteopathic Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Children with Diabetes, The Endocrine Society, the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, the National Diabetes Education Program, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (formerly Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society). Diabetes Care 34:2477\u20132485","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"295_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00011","volume":"60","author":"AB Araujo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Araujo AB, Durante R, Feldman HA, Goldstein I, McKinlay JB (1998) The relationship between depressive symptoms and male erectile dysfunction: cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Psychosom Med 60:458\u2013465","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"295_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.08.102","volume":"177","author":"G De Berardis","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Berardis G, Pellegrini F, Franciosi M et al (2007) Clinical and psychological predictors of incidence of self-reported erectile dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Urol 177:252\u2013257","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"295_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00015","volume":"63","author":"M de Groot","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland K et al (2001) Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 63:619\u2013630","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"295_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02173.x","volume":"8","author":"H Son","year":"2011","unstructured":"Son H, Song SH, Lee JY, Paick JS (2011) Relationship between premature ejaculation and depression in Korean males. J Sex Med 8:2062\u20132070","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"295_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.11.003","volume":"81","author":"H Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang H, Yip AW, Fan S et al (2013) Sexual dysfunction among Chinese married men aged 30e60 years: a population-based study in Hong Kong. Urology 81:334","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Hormones"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T02:11:14Z","timestamp":1628734274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00295-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-3099","2520-8721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-3099","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-8721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli and AORN Ospedale dei Colli (Date 24.01.2013\/N Prot 32).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All subjects gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}