{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:56:50Z","timestamp":1790189810796,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T03:12:15Z","timestamp":1630897935000},"page":"777-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Myostatin serum levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Efthymiadou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis-Anargyros","family":"Vasilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Giannakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7779-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dionisios","family":"Chrysis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.32.7.675","volume":"32","author":"LD Katz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Katz LD, Glickman MG, Rapoport S, Ferrannini E, DeFronzo RA (1983) Splanchnic and peripheral disposal of oral glucose in man. Diabetes 32:675\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.32.7.675","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E769","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1988.255.6.E769","volume":"255","author":"AD Baron","year":"1988","unstructured":"Baron AD, Brechtel G, Wallace P, Edelman SV (1988) Rates and tissue sites of non-insulin- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in humans. Am J Physiol 255:E769\u2013E774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1988.255.6.E769","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00699.x","volume":"12","author":"MP Krause","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause MP, Riddell MC, Hawke TJ (2011) Effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle: clinical observations and physiological mechanisms. Pediatr Diabetes 12:345\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00699.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050788","volume":"40","author":"H Andersen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andersen H, Gadeberg PC, Brock B, Jakobsen J (1997) Muscular atrophy in diabetic neuropathy: a stereological magnetic resonance imaging study. Diabetologia 40:1062\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001250050788","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01649.x","volume":"22","author":"H Andersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andersen H, Schmitz O, Nielsen S (2005) Decreased isometric muscle strength after acute hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 22:1401\u20131407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01649.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"317_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.10.005","volume":"106","author":"K Maratova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maratova K, Soucek O, Matyskova J et al (2018) Muscle functions and bone strength are impaired in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Bone 106:22\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2017.10.005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/387083a0","volume":"387","author":"AC McPherron","year":"1997","unstructured":"McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (1997) Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member. Nature 387:83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/387083a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"317_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.10188","volume":"35","author":"L Grobet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grobet L, Pirottin D, Farnir F et al (2003) Modulating skeletal muscle mass by postnatal, muscle-specific inactivation of the myostatin gene. Genesis 35:227\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gene.10188","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E876","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00107.2003","volume":"285","author":"S Reisz-Porszasz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reisz-Porszasz S, Bhasin S, Artaza JN et al (2003) Lower skeletal muscle mass in male transgenic mice with muscle-specific overexpression of myostatin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E876\u2013E888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00107.2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"317_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0915","volume":"61","author":"T Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo T, Bond ND, Jou W, Gavrilova O, Portas J, McPherron AC (2012) Myostatin inhibition prevents diabetes and hyperphagia in a mouse model of lipodystrophy. Diabetes 61:2414\u20132423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db11-0915","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0245","volume":"58","author":"JJ Wilkes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilkes JJ, Lloyd DJ, Gekakis N (2009) Loss-of-function mutation in myostatin reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha production and protects liver against obesity-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 58:1133\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db08-0245","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004937","volume":"4","author":"T Guo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guo T, Jou W, Chanturiya T, Portas J, Gavrilova O, McPherron AC (2009) Myostatin inhibition in muscle, but not adipose tissue, decreases fat mass and improves insulin sensitivity. PLoS ONE 4:e4937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004937","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0943","volume":"58","author":"DS Hittel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hittel DS, Berggren JR, Shearer J, Boyle K, Houmard JA (2009) Increased secretion and expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle from extremely obese women. Diabetes 58:30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db08-0943","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0260","volume":"215","author":"DK Garikipati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garikipati DK, Rodgers BD (2012) Myostatin inhibits myosatellite cell proliferation and consequently activates differentiation: evidence for endocrine-regulated transcript processing. J Endocrinol 215:177\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-12-0260","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"317_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-012-0092-9","volume":"32","author":"F Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang F, Liao Y, Li X, Ren C, Cheng C, Ren Y (2012) Increased circulating myostatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 32:534\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11596-012-0092-9","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"key":"317_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amor M, Itariu BK, Moreno-Viedma V et al (2018) Serum myostatin is upregulated in obesity and correlates with insulin resistance in humans. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0641-5546"},{"key":"317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.041","volume":"142","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Masuda S, Yamakage H et al (2018) Role of serum myostatin in the association between hyperinsulinemia and muscle atrophy in Japanese obese patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 142:195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.041","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267964","volume":"119","author":"S Ehehalt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehehalt S, Schweizer R, Blumenstock G et al (2011) Investigation of myostatin serum levels before and after a 6-month lifestyle intervention program in obese children. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 119:238\u2013242","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14500","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14500","volume":"8","author":"AG Dial","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dial AG, Monaco CMF, Grafham GK et al (2020) Muscle and serum myostatin expression in type 1 diabetes. Physiol Rep 8:e14500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.14500","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"317_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607243150404","volume":"315","author":"H Yki-Jarvinen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA (1986) Natural course of insulin resistance in type I diabetes. N Engl J Med 315:224\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198607243150404","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"317_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607243150402","volume":"315","author":"SA Amiel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Simonson DC, Lauritano AA, Tamborlane WV (1986) Impaired insulin action in puberty. A contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N Engl J Med 315:215\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198607243150402","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"317_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0911","volume":"173","author":"E Donga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donga E, Dekkers OM, Corssmit EP, Romijn JA (2015) Insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes assessed by glucose clamp studies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 173:101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-14-0911","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"317_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1371","volume":"50","author":"P Peltoniemi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peltoniemi P, Yki-Jarvinen H, Oikonen V et al (2001) Resistance to exercise-induced increase in glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 50:1371\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1371","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1756","volume":"95","author":"KJ Nadeau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nadeau KJ, Regensteiner JG, Bauer TA et al (2010) Insulin resistance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and its relationship to cardiovascular function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-1756","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0328","volume":"60","author":"IE Schauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schauer IE, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bergman BC et al (2011) Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: the CACTI study. Diabetes 60:306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db10-0328","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00433","volume":"103","author":"M Cree-Green","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cree-Green M, Stuppy JJ, Thurston J et al (2018) Youth with type 1 diabetes have adipose, hepatic, and peripheral insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:3647\u20133657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-00433","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035525","volume":"138","author":"P Bjornstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bjornstad P, Sch\u00e4fer M, Truong U et al (2018) Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and vascular health in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 138:2895\u20132907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035525","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"317_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4602-6","volume":"61","author":"CMF Monaco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monaco CMF, Hughes MC, Ramos SV et al (2018) Altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure in the skeletal muscle of young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61:1411\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-018-4602-6","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"317_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00411.2019","volume":"318","author":"CMF Monaco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monaco CMF, Bellissimo CA, Hughes MC et al (2020) Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318:E44\u2013E51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00411.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1125","volume":"43","author":"E Heyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heyman E, Daussin F, Wieczorek V et al (2020) Muscle oxygen supply and use in type 1 diabetes, from ambient air to the mitochondrial respiratory chain: is there a limiting step? Diabetes Care 43:209\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc19-1125","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"317_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0765","volume":"64","author":"M Cree-Green","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cree-Green M, Newcomer BR, Brown MS et al (2015) Delayed skeletal muscle mitochondrial ADP recovery in youth with type 1 diabetes relates to muscle insulin resistance. Diabetes 64:383\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db14-0765","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"317_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/07435800.2016.1198802","volume":"42","author":"YS Assyov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assyov YS, Velikova TV, Kamenov ZA (2017) Myostatin and carbohydrate disturbances. Endocr Res 42:102\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07435800.2016.1198802","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"317_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037236","volume":"7","author":"C Brandt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brandt C, Nielsen AR, Fischer CP, Hansen J, Pedersen BK, Plomgaard P (2012) Plasma and muscle myostatin in relation to type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE 7:e37236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037236","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"317_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0758-8","volume":"52","author":"B Garcia-Fontana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garcia-Fontana B, Reyes-Garcia R, Morales-Santana S et al (2016) Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state? Endocrine 52:54\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0758-8","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"317_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32495","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32495","volume":"6","author":"SK Coleman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coleman SK, Rebalka IA, D\u2019Souza DM, Deodhare N, Desjardins EM, Hawke TJ (2016) Myostatin inhibition therapy for insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 6:32495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep32495","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.67","volume":"34","author":"J Jeong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeong J, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM (2013) Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin\/TGF-\u03b2 receptor\/pSmad3 signaling rescues muscle regenerative responses in mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 34:1052\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aps.2013.67","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E756","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.264.5.E756","volume":"264","author":"P Nuutila","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Ruotsalainen U et al (1993) Insulin resistance is localized to skeletal but not heart muscle in type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol 264:E756\u2013E762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.264.5.E756","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"317_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1130","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.6.E1130","volume":"277","author":"DE Kelley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kelley DE, Goodpaster B, Wing RR, Simoneau JA (1999) Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss. Am J Physiol 277:E1130\u2013E1141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.6.E1130","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"317_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2304-4","volume":"55","author":"C Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang C, McFarlane C, Lokireddy S et al (2012) Inhibition of myostatin protects against diet-induced obesity by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and promoting a brown adipose phenotype in mice. Diabetologia 55:183\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-011-2304-4","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7654","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.529925","volume":"289","author":"S Bonala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonala S, Lokireddy S, McFarlane C, Patnam S, Sharma M, Kambadur R (2014) Myostatin induces insulin resistance via Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cblb)-mediated degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein in response to high calorie diet intake. J Biol Chem 289:7654\u20137670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M113.529925","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"317_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E814","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00586.2013","volume":"306","author":"ME Cleasby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cleasby ME, Jarmin S, Eilers W et al (2014) Local overexpression of the myostatin propeptide increases glucose transporter expression and enhances skeletal muscle glucose disposal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 306:E814\u2013E823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00586.2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Hormones"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T18:47:13Z","timestamp":1637002033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42000-021-00317-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-3099","2520-8721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-3099","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-8721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The procedures used in this study were in line with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical committee of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. All children and their parents were informed, and written consent was obtained before participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable since participated subjects cannot be identified.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}