{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:47:57Z","timestamp":1774388877075,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008131","name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated catecholamine secretion has been reported after high dietary phosphate intake in experimental studies in animals and humans.\u00a0This study thus aimed to examine the prospective relationship between long-term dietary phosphorus intake during childhood and adolescence\u2014assessed via 24-h urinary phosphate excretion\u2014and catecholamine levels in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 159 healthy participants of the DONALD Study (Dortmund, Germany) were examined, who had repeatedly provided 24-h urine samples between ages 3 and 17 years and from whom a 24-h specimen was collected again in young adulthood (ages 18\u201335). In the adult samples, urinary free epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE) and the O-methylated EPI- and NE-metabolites metanephrine and normetanephrine were quantified using LC-MS\/MS. Phosphate was measured ion chromatographically. Individual means of standard deviation scores were calculated for urinary phosphate and further biomarker excretions as well as for anthropometric data longitudinally determined between 3 and 17 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations between pre-adulthood phosphate and adult catecholamine excretions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After fully adjusting for growth- and adulthood-related covariates, only females\u2019 renal excretions of EPI (p=0.030) and NE (p=0.040) were associated significantly with pre-adulthood phosphate excretion. In line with a disease-free, relatively continuous adrenal-medullary production of O-methylated metabolites, no association at all was seen for metanephrine and normetanephrine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study provides biomarker-based evidence that habitual high dietary phosphorus intake during childhood and adolescence may be related to elevated catecholaminergic activity in adulthood, at least in females, potentially contributing in the long term to endocrine-metabolic-related neuronal and cardiovascular disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:51:43Z","timestamp":1762926703000},"page":"49-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Catecholaminergic activity among young adults after high phosphorus intake during childhood and adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Luciana Peixoto","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh-Masomeh","family":"Derakhshandeh-Rishehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"N\u00f6thlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Kalhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Peitzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Wudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Remer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c190003","volume":"9","author":"E Carbone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carbone E, Borges R, Eiden LE et al (2019) Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla: Physiology, Pharmacology, and disease. Compr Physiol 9:1443\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c190003","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"735_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-197816050-00003","volume":"16","author":"R Laverty","year":"1978","unstructured":"Laverty R (1978) Catecholamines: role in health and disease. Drugs 16:418\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-197816050-00003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"735_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.1","volume":"56","author":"G Eisenhofer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (2004) Catecholamine metabolism: a contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev 56:331\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.56.3.1","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"735_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02793-0","volume":"475","author":"V Maneu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maneu V, Borges R, Gand\u00eda L et al (2023) Forty years of the adrenal chromaffin cell through ISCCB meetings around the world. Pflugers Arch 475:667\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02793-0","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"735_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2006","volume":"89","author":"R Kvetnansky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kvetnansky R, Sabban EL, Palkovits M (2009) Catecholaminergic systems in stress: structural and molecular genetic approaches. Physiol Rev 89:535\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00042.2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"735_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000203952.27988.79","volume":"47","author":"A Flaa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Flaa A, Mundal HH, Eide I et al (2006) Sympathetic activity and cardiovascular risk factors in young men in the low, normal, and high blood pressure ranges. Hypertension 47:396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000203952.27988.79","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"735_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/08037059609062103","volume":"5","author":"SE Kjeldsen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kjeldsen SE, Moan A, Petrin J et al (1996) Effects of increased arterial epinephrine on insulin, glucose and phosphate. Blood Press 5:27\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08037059609062103","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"735_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-4-566","volume":"93","author":"S Hamburg","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hamburg S, Hendler R, Sherwin RS (1980) Influence of small increments of epinephrine on glucose tolerance in normal humans. Ann Intern Med 93:566\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-93-4-566","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"735_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017121254","volume":"29","author":"J Mohammad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammad J, Scanni R, Bestmann L et al (2018) A controlled increase in dietary phosphate elevates BP in healthy human subjects. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:2089\u20132098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017121254","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"735_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102510","author":"N Latic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Latic N, Peitzsch M, Zupcic A et al (2022) Long-term excessive dietary phosphate intake increases arterial blood pressure, activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and stimulates sympathetic tone in mice. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10102510","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"735_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03290-x","volume":"63","author":"I Perrar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perrar I, Alexy U, N\u00f6thlings U (2024) Cohort profile update-overview of over 35 years of research in the Dortmund nutritional and anthropometric longitudinally designed (DONALD) study. Eur J Nutr 63:727\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-023-03290-x","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"735_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-004-0445-7","volume":"43","author":"A Kroke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kroke A, Manz F, Kersting M et al (2004) The DONALD Study. History, current status and future perspectives. Eur J Nutr 43:45\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-004-0445-7","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"735_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-012-1503-6","volume":"55","author":"AE Buyken","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buyken AE, Alexy U, Kersting M et al (2012) Die DONALD Kohorte. Ein aktueller \u00dcberblick Zu 25 Jahren forschung Im Rahmen der Dortmund nutritional and anthropometric longitudinally designed study (The DONALD cohort. An updated overview on 25 years of research based on the Dortmund nutritional and anthropometric longitudinally designed study). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 55:875\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-012-1503-6","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"735_CR14","unstructured":"Du Bois D, Du Bois EF (1989) A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916. Nutrition 5:303\u2009\u2013\u200911; discussion 312-3"},{"key":"735_CR15","first-page":"709","volume":"60","author":"MH Slaughter","year":"1988","unstructured":"Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA et al (1988) Skinfold equations for Estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol 60:709\u2013723","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"735_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.009","volume":"47","author":"T Remer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Remer T, Montenegro-Bethancourt G, Shi L (2014) Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical chemical parameters under moderate freezing conditions without use of preservatives. Clin Biochem 47:307\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.009","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"735_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.3.561","volume":"75","author":"T Remer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Remer T, Neubert A, Maser-Gluth C (2002) Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research. Am J Clin Nutr 75:561\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/75.3.561","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"735_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1255","volume":"77","author":"T Remer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Remer T, Dimitriou T, Manz F (2003) Dietary potential renal acid load and renal net acid excretion in healthy, free-living children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 77:1255\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1255","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"735_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4914","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2677","volume":"101","author":"J Esche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Esche J, Johner S, Shi L et al (2016) Urinary citrate, an index of acid-base status, predicts bone strength in youths and fracture risk in adult females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:4914\u20134921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-2677","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"735_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.12.031","volume":"418","author":"M Peitzsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peitzsch M, Pelzel D, Gl\u00f6ckner S et al (2013) Simultaneous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric determination of urinary free metanephrines and catecholamines, with comparisons of free and deconjugated metabolites. Clin Chim Acta 418:50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2012.12.031","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"735_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487","volume":"27","author":"TM Wallace","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR (2004) Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care 27:1487\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"735_CR22","unstructured":"van Doornen L, Boomsma DI (1985) Sex differences in catecholamine-reactions to stress and its relevance to coronary heart disease. In: Orlebeke JF, Mulder G, van Doornen LJP (eds) Psychophysiology of cardiovascular control: Methods, models, and data. Plenum Press, pp 809\u2013826"},{"key":"735_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/140174301317116271","volume":"35","author":"AE Ross","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ross AE, Flaa A, H\u00f8ieggen A et al (2001) Gender specific sympathetic and hemorrheological responses to mental stress in healthy young subjects. Scand Cardiovasc J 35:307\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/140174301317116271","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"735_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90812.2008","volume":"107","author":"TJ Horton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Horton TJ, Dow S, Armstrong M et al (2009) Greater systemic lipolysis in women compared with men during moderate-dose infusion of epinephrine and\/or norepinephrine. J Appl Physiol 107(1):200\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.90812.2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"735_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac116","volume":"116","author":"CN Duong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duong CN, Akinlawon OJ, Gung J et al (2022) Bioavailability of phosphorus and kidney function in the Jackson heart study. Am J Clin Nutr 116:541\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac116","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"735_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00246749","volume":"252","author":"A Philippu","year":"1966","unstructured":"Philippu A, Sch\u00fcmann HJ (1966) Uber die bedeutung der Calcium- und Magnesiumionen f\u00fcr die speicherung der Nebennierenmark-Hormone (On the significance of calcium and magnesium ions for the storage of adrenal medulla hormones). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 252:339\u2013358","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol"},{"key":"735_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.s3-4.1.73","author":"GG Nahas","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nahas GG (1970) The problems of acidosis. J Clin Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.s3-4.1.73","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol)"},{"key":"735_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198211000-00010","volume":"10","author":"M Barton","year":"1982","unstructured":"Barton M, Lake CR, Rainey TG et al (1982) Is catecholamine release pH mediated? Crit Care Med 10:751\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-198211000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"735_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.2.710","volume":"69","author":"JD Brofman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brofman JD, Leff AR, Munoz NM et al (1990) Sympathetic secretory response to hypercapnic acidosis in swine. J Appl Physiol 69:710\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.2.710","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"735_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00197.x","volume":"16","author":"AL Myrsten","year":"1975","unstructured":"Myrsten AL, Hollstedt C, Holmberg L (1975) Alcohol-induced changes in mood and activation in males and females as related to catecholamine excretion and blood-alcohol level. Scand J Psychol 16:303\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00197.x","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"735_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000118364","volume":"17","author":"GT Livezey","year":"1987","unstructured":"Livezey GT, Balabkins N, Vogel WH (1987) The effect of ethanol (alcohol) and stress on plasma catecholamine levels in individual female and male rats. Neuropsychobiology 17:193\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000118364","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"735_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422893","volume":"55","author":"M Lehmann","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lehmann M, Berg A, Keul J (1986) Sex-related differences in free plasma catecholamines in individuals of similar performance ability during graded ergometric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 55:54\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00422893","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"735_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431970","volume":"67","author":"J Claustre","year":"1980","unstructured":"Claustre J, Peyrin L, Fitoussi R et al (1980) Sex differences in the adrenergic response to hypoglycemic stress in human. Psychopharmacology 67:147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00431970","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"735_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5447","volume":"84","author":"PA Komesaroff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Komesaroff PA, Esler MD, Sudhir K (1999) Estrogen supplementation attenuates glucocorticoid and catecholamine responses to mental stress in perimenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:606\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5447","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"735_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1987.253.3.E322","volume":"253","author":"MA Staten","year":"1987","unstructured":"Staten MA, Matthews DE, Cryer PE et al (1987) Physiological increments in epinephrine stimulate metabolic rate in humans. Am J Physiol 253:E322\u2013E330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1987.253.3.E322","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"735_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.199760","volume":"97","author":"PR Mitoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitoff PR, Gam D, Ivanov J et al (2011) Cardiac-specific sympathetic activation in men and women with and without heart failure. Heart 97:382\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2010.199760","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"735_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01133-x","volume":"26","author":"PW Gold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gold PW, Wong M-L (2021) Re-assessing the catecholamine hypothesis of depression: the case of melancholic depression. Mol Psychiatry 26(11):6121\u20136124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01133-x","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"735_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120106","volume":"287","author":"Y Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du Y, Demillard LJ, Ren J (2021) Catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity: a critical element in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury. Life Sci 287:120106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120106","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"735_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiang W, Wang X, Li L et al (2023) Unveiling Catecholamine Dynamics in Cardiac Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Implications, and Future Perspectives. IJDDP. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53941\/ijddp.2023.100012","DOI":"10.53941\/ijddp.2023.100012"},{"issue":"1","key":"735_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.09.012","volume":"37","author":"K Sakamoto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sakamoto K, Butera MA, Zhou C et al (2025) Overnutrition causes insulin resistance and metabolic disorder through increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Cell Metab 37(1):121-137e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.09.012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"735_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163510","author":"MS Calvo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calvo MS, Dunford EK, Uribarri J (2023) Industrial use of phosphate food additives: a mechanism linking ultra-processed food intake to cardiorenal disease risk? Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15163510","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Hormones"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:29:07Z","timestamp":1774380547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42000-025-00735-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-3099","2520-8721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-3099","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-8721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethics committee of the University of Bonn, Germany (approval numbers. 098\/06 and 185\/20).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}