{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T20:15:34Z","timestamp":1775333734863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology (DST),India","award":["SR\/WOS-A\/LS-253\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/WOS-A\/LS-253\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz J Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T20:09:50Z","timestamp":1572552590000},"page":"805-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus in young chicks in Punjab region of north-western India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M.","family":"Sreekala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Gurpreet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. N.","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"160_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2307\/1589567","volume":"23","author":"N Yuasa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Yuasa N, Taniguchi, Yoshida I (1979) Isolation and some characteristics of an agent inducing anemia in chicks. Avian Dis 23:366\u2013385","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"160_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/03079458608436327","volume":"15","author":"N Yuasa","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yuasa N, Imai K (1986) Pathogenicity and antigenicity of eleven isolates of chicken anaemia agent (CAA). Avian Pathol 15:639\u2013645","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"160_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2014\/2.3.171.176","volume":"2","author":"V Gowthaman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gowthaman V, Singh SD, Dhama K, Barathidasan R, Srinivasan P, Mahajan NK, Ramakrishnan MA (2014) Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus isolated from commercial poultry with respiratory disease complex in India. Adv Ani Vet Sci 2(3):171\u2013176","journal-title":"Adv Ani Vet Sci"},{"key":"160_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang Y, Fang L, Fu J, Cui S, Zhao Y, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P (2016) Genomic analysis of the chicken infectious anemia virus in a specific pathogen-free chicken population in China. Biomed Res Int 2016:4275718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4275718","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4275718"},{"key":"160_CR5","unstructured":"Ou SC, Lin HL, Liu PC (2018) Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus from commercial and native chickens in Taiwan. Transbound Emerg Dis 65:1\u20139"},{"key":"160_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.121226","volume":"18","author":"F Maggi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maggi F, Macera L, Focosi D, Vatteroni LM, Boggi U, Antonelli G, Eloit M, Pistello M (2012) Human gyrovirus DNA in human blood, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 18:6 www.cdc.gov\/eid","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"160_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Fu J, Cui S, Li X, Chang S, Zhao P (2017) Genetic analysis of two chicken infectious anemia virus variants-related Gyrovirus in stray mice and dogs: the first report in China 2015. Biomed Res Int 2017:6707868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6707868","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6707868"},{"key":"160_CR8","unstructured":"ICTV (2011) Virus taxonomy (classification and nomenclature of viruses). The online (9th) report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https:\/\/talk.ictvonline.org\/taxonomy\/"},{"key":"160_CR9","unstructured":"ICTV (2017) Virus taxonomy (classification and nomenclature of viruses). The online (10th) report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https:\/\/talk.ictvonline.org\/taxonomy\/"},{"key":"160_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.6.3131-3139.1991","volume":"65","author":"MHM Noteborn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Noteborn MHM, De Boer GF, Van Roozelaar DJ, Karreman C, Kranenburg O, Jeurissen SHM, Hoeben RC, Zantema A, Koch G, Van Ormondt H, Van Der Eb AJ (1991) Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. J Virol 65:3131\u20133139","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"160_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459508419046","volume":"24","author":"MHM Noteborn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Noteborn MHM, Koch G (1995) Chicken anaemia virus infection: molecular basis of pathogenicity. Avian Pathol 24:11\u201331","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"160_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8872","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.12.8872-8878.1996","volume":"70","author":"RW Renshaw","year":"1996","unstructured":"Renshaw RW, Soine C, Weinkle T, O\u2019Connell PH, Ohashi K, Watson S, Lucio B, Harrington S, Schat KA (1996) A hypervariable region in VP1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. J Virol 70:8872\u20138878","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"160_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.766668","volume":"42","author":"H Nayabian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nayabian H, Karim M (2013) Molecular characterization of the chicken anaemia viruses isolated from broiler farms of west Azerbaijan, Iran. Avian Pathol 42(2):108\u2013113","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"160_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeurissen SHM, Wagenaar F, Pol JMA, Van Der Eb AJ, Noteborn MHM (1992) Chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection. J Virol 66(12):7383\u20137388","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.12.7383-7388.1992"},{"issue":"5","key":"160_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/030794500750047126","volume":"29","author":"D Todd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Todd D (2000) Circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review. Avian Pathol 29(5):373\u2013394","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"160_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450600717349","volume":"35","author":"JA Smyth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smyth JA, Moffett DA, Connor TJ, McNulty MS (2006) Chicken anaemia virus inoculated by the oral route causes lymphocyte depletion in the thymus in 3-weekold and 6-week-old chickens. Avian Pathol 35(3):254\u2013259","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"160_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00076-2","volume":"24","author":"BM Adair","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adair BM (2000) Immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus infection. Dev Comp Immunol 24:247\u2013255","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"160_CR18","unstructured":"Bulow VV, Schat KA (1997) Chicken infectious anemia. In: Calnek BW, Barens HJ, Beard CW, McDougald LR, Saif YM (eds) Disease of poultry. 10th ed. Iowa State University Press, pp 739\u2013756"},{"issue":"7","key":"160_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2015\/3.7.395.405","volume":"3","author":"G Krishan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krishan G, Shukla SK, Bhatt P, Wani MY, Dhama K, Malik YPS, Kumar R (2015) Clinical association of chicken anemia virus with other infectious poultry diseases in north India and Nepal: its pathological studies, molecular epidemiology and RFLP pattern of PCR amplified full length viral genome. Adv Anim Vet Sci 3(7):395\u2013405","journal-title":"Adv Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"160_CR20","first-page":"9","volume":"6","author":"AM Hegazy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hegazy AM, Abdallah FM, Abd-El Samie LK, Nazim AA (2010) Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in broilers and laying hens in Sharkia Province, Egypt. J Am Sci 6:9","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"160_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.21608\/zvjz.2016.7856","volume":"44","author":"MA Lebdah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lebdah MA, Megahed MM, Hassanin OAA, Ali AMI (2016) The negative impact of chicken infectious anemia virus infection on immune responses to different Newcastle disease virus vaccination programs. Zagazig Vet J 44(2):138\u2013148","journal-title":"Zagazig Vet J"},{"key":"160_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459408418994","volume":"23","author":"GF De Boer","year":"1994","unstructured":"De Boer GF, Van Roozelaar DJ, Moormann RJ, Jeurissen SHM, Van Den Wijngaard JC, Hilbink F, Koch G (1994) Interaction between chicken anaemia virus and live Newcastle disease vaccine. Avian Pathol 23:263\u2013275","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"160_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180325","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180325","volume":"5","author":"CE Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bennett CE, Thomas R, Williams M, Zalasiewicz J, Edgeworth M, Miller H, Coles B, Foster A, Burton EJ, Marume U (2018) The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere. R Soc Open Sci 5:180325","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"160_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.11.017","volume":"118","author":"S Natesan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Natesan S, Kataria JM, Dhama K, Rahul S, Baradhwaj N (2006) Biological and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus isolates of Indian origin. Virus Res 118(1\u20132):78\u201386","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"160_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01215.x","volume":"58","author":"P Bhatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhatt P, Shukla SK, Mahendran M, Dhama K, Chawak MM, Kataria JM (2011) Prevalence of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in commercial poultry flocks of northern India: a serological survey. Transbound Emerg Dis 58:458\u2013460","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"160_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.38150\/sajeb.3(4).p145-151","volume":"3","author":"MY Wani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wani MY, Dhama K, Barathidasan R, Gowthaman V, Tiwari R, Bhatt P, Mahajan NK, Chawak MM, Singh SD, Kataria JM (2013) Molecular detection and epidemiology of chicken infectious anemia virus in India. South Asian J Exp Biol 3(4):145\u2013151","journal-title":"South Asian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"160_CR27","unstructured":"Livestock census (2012) 19th Livestock census-2012 all India report. Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Krishi Bhawan http:\/\/dahd.nic.in\/sites\/default\/filess\/Livestock 5_0.pdf . Accessed 26 March 2015"},{"key":"160_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","volume":"33","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870\u20131874","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"160_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","volume":"16","author":"M Kimura","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111\u2013120","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"160_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","volume":"39","author":"J Felsenstein","year":"1985","unstructured":"Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783\u2013791","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"160_CR31","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Disease of poultry","author":"KA Schat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schat KA, van Santen VL (2013) Chicken infectious anemia. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair V (eds) Disease of poultry, 13th edn. Wiley, Ames, pp 248\u2013264","edition":"13"},{"key":"160_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00911","volume":"89","author":"HR Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim HR, Kwon YK, Bae YC, Oem JK, Lee OS (2010) Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia viruses detected from breeder and broiler chickens in South Korea. Poult Sci 89:2426\u20132431","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"160_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1637\/11277-091415-ResNote.1","volume":"60","author":"M Olszewska-Tomczyk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olszewska-Tomczyk M, \u015awi\u0119to\u0144 E, Minta Z, \u015amietanka K (2016) Occurrence and phylogenetic studies of chicken anemia virus from polish broiler flocks. Avian Dis 60(1):70\u201374","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"160_CR34","first-page":"401","volume":"8","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Fang L, Cui S, Fu J, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Z, Chang S, Shi W, Zhao P (2017) Genomic characterization of recent chicken anemia virus isolates in China. Front Microbiol 8:401","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"160_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-4-819","volume":"71","author":"D Todd","year":"1990","unstructured":"Todd D, Creelan JL, Mackie DP, Rixon F, McNulty MS (1990) Purification and biochemical characterization of chicken anaemia agent. J Gen Virol 71:819\u2013823","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"160_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erfan AM, Abdullah AS, Naguib MM (2018) Characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in Egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination. Virus Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.05.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.05.008"},{"key":"160_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8472","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.16.8472-8474.2002","volume":"76","author":"D Todd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Todd D, Alistair NJ, Scott NW, Ball BJ, Borghmans, Brian MA (2002) Molecular basis of the attenuation exhibited by molecularly cloned highly passaged chicken anemia virus isolates. J Virol 76:8472\u20138474","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"160_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03204","volume":"92","author":"SJ Kye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kye SJ, Kim JY, Seul HJ, Kim S, Kim SE, Lee HS, Sorn S, Choi KS (2013) Phylogenetic analysis and genetic characterization of chicken anemia virus isolates from Cambodia. Poult Sci 92:2681\u20132686","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"160_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AboElkhair M, El-Razak AGA, Metwally AEY (2014) Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus circulating in chicken flocks in Egypt. Adv Virol 2014:797151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/79715","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/79715"},{"key":"160_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.8.1190","volume":"77","author":"JK Rosenberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosenberger JK, Cloud SS (1998) Chicken anemia virus. Poult Sci 77:1190\u20131192","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"160_CR41","unstructured":"Oluwayelu DO (2010) Diagnosis and epidemiology of chicken infectious anemia in Africa. Afr J Biotechnol 9(14):2043\u20132049"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T05:03:03Z","timestamp":1664773383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-019-00160-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1517-8382","1678-4405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1517-8382","type":"print"},{"value":"1678-4405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}