{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:10:28Z","timestamp":1786983028503,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz J Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T03:01:49Z","timestamp":1727146909000},"page":"3839-3848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro and in vivo efficacy of zinc oxide green nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Tasbiha","family":"Gul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Tabassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abroo","family":"Basharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afreenish","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulqarnain","family":"Baqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Jawad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1522_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s234610","volume":"12","author":"P Dadgostar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dadgostar P (2019) Antimicrobial Resistance: implications and costs. Infect Drug Resist 12:3903\u20133910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/idr.s234610","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"4","key":"1522_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3390\/jox11040013","volume":"11","author":"M Saha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saha M, Sarkar A (2021) Review on multiple facets of Drug Resistance: a rising challenge in the 21st Century. J Xenobiot 11(4):197\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jox11040013","journal-title":"J Xenobiot"},{"issue":"10325","key":"1522_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Aguilar GR, Gray A et al (2022) Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399(10325):629\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)02724-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1522_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01021","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01021-16","volume":"85","author":"E Kintz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kintz E, Heiss C, Black I, Donohue N, Brown N, Davies MG, Azadi P, Baker S, Kaye PM, Van Der Woude MW (2017) Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen modification impact on serum resistance and antibody recognition. Infect Immun 85(4):e01021\u2013e01016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01021-16","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1522_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6432580","author":"J Akram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akram J, Khan AS, Khan HA, Gilani SA, Akram SJ, Ahmad FJ, Mehboob R (2020) Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid: evolution, Prevention, and its management. Biomed Res Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6432580","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"1522_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122484","volume":"9","author":"M Zakir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zakir M, Khan M, Umar MI, Murtaza G, Ashraf M, Shamim S (2021) Emerging trends of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Microorganisms 9(12):2484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9122484","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1332-3","volume":"18","author":"WC Mutai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mutai WC, Muigai A, Waiyaki P, Kariuki S (2018) Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kenya. BMC Microbiol 18(1):187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1332-3","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1522_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.504-521","volume":"12","author":"SM Jajere","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jajere SM (2019) A review of Salmonella enterica with particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance. Vet World 12(4):504\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2019.504-521","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"1522_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sajib MSI, Tanmoy AM, Hooda Y, Rahman H, Andrews JR, Garrett DO, Endtz HP, Saha SK, Saha (2021) Tracking the Emergence of Azithromycin Resistance in Multiple Genotypes of Typhoidal Salmonella. MBio 12(1):10-1128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03481-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03481-20"},{"key":"1522_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Izhar K, Ahmed K, Rehan M, Umar M, Ikram N, Akhter N (2020) Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi XDR Infection at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals. JRMC 24(4):406\u2013\u200911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37939\/jrmc.v24i4.1493","DOI":"10.37939\/jrmc.v24i4.1493"},{"issue":"7","key":"1522_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.02.006","volume":"34","author":"P Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh P, Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC (2016) Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Trends Biotechnol 34(7):588\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.02.006","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1522_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-019-01717-7","volume":"24","author":"P Nisar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nisar P, Ali N, Rahman L, Ali M, Shinwari ZK (2019) Antimicrobial activities of biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles: an insight into the mechanism of action. J Biol Inorg Chem 24(7):929\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00775-019-01717-7","journal-title":"J Biol Inorg Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65949-3","volume":"10","author":"M Naseer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naseer M, Aslam U, Khalid B, Chen B (2020) Green route to synthesize Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Cassia fistula and Melia Azadarach and their antibacterial potential. Sci Rep 10(1):9055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-65949-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1522_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9395","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S216204","volume":"14","author":"B Lallo da Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lallo da Silva B, Abu\u00e7afy MP, Berbel-Manaia E, Oshiro-Junior JA, Chiari-Andr\u00e9o BG, Pietro RCLR, Chiavacci LA (2019) Relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles: an overview. Int J Nanomed 14:9395\u20139410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S216204","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"1522_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-022-05726-y","volume":"101","author":"L Tabassam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tabassam L, Khan MJ, Hussain S, Khattak SA, Shah SK, Bhatti AS (2022) Structural, optical and antimicrobial characteristics of ZnO green nanoparticles. J Solgel Sci Technol 101(2):401\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10971-022-05726-y","journal-title":"J Solgel Sci Technol"},{"key":"1522_CR16","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2015) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Tenth edition. CLSI document M07-A10; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, PA, USA"},{"key":"1522_CR17","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2022) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 32nd ed. CLSI supplement M100; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): Wayne, PA, USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"1522_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","volume":"6","author":"M Balouiri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda S (2016) Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: a review. J Pharm Anal 6(2):71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn133","volume":"62","author":"BT Tsuji","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsuji BT, Yang JJ, Forrest A, Kelchlin PA, Smith P (2008) In vitro pharmacodynamics of novel rifamycin ABI-0043 against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 62(1):156\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkn133","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1522_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s296717","volume":"16","author":"A Hassan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassan A, Ikram A, Raza A, Saeed S, Zafar-Paracha R, Younas Z, Khadim MT (2021) Therapeutic potential of Novel Mastoparan-Chitosan nanoconstructs against clinical MDR Acinetobacter baumannii: in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomed 16:3755\u20133773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s296717","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"10","key":"1522_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7100167","volume":"7","author":"VTD Nair","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nair VTD, Venkitanarayanan K, Kollanoor Johny A (2018) Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in the Food Supply and the potential role of Antibiotic Alternatives for Control. Foods 7(10):167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods7100167","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03156","volume":"6","author":"NI Rasli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rasli NI, Basri H, Harun Z (2020) Zinc oxide from aloe vera extract: two-level factorial screening of biosynthesis parameters. Heliyon 6(1):e03156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03156","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010039","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-959x\/abeec6","volume":"2","author":"LM Jose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jose LM, Raj RSA, Sajan D, Aravind A (2021) Adsorption and photocatalytic activity of biosynthesised ZnO nanoparticles using Aloe Vera leaf extract. Nano Express 2(1):010039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2632-959x\/abeec6","journal-title":"Nano Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"1522_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.17344\/acsi.2018.4213","volume":"65","author":"NM Shamhari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shamhari NM, Wee BS, Chin SF, Kok KY (2018) Synthesis and characterization of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with small particle size distribution. Acta Chim Slov 65(3):578\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17344\/acsi.2018.4213","journal-title":"Acta Chim Slov"},{"key":"1522_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azam A et al (2012) Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study. Int J Nanomed 6003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s35347","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s35347"},{"key":"1522_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-018-2532-3","volume":"11","author":"KS Siddiqi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siddiqi KS, Rahman A, Tajuddin, Husen A (2018) Properties of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles and their activity against microbes. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-018-2532-3","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"1522_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11072093","volume":"11","author":"H Mohd-Yusof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohd-Yusof H, Abdul-Rahman N, Mohamad R, Hasanah-Zaidan U, Samsudin AA (2021) Antibacterial potential of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles against Poultry-Associated Foodborne pathogens: an in Vitro Study. Anim 11(7):2093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11072093","journal-title":"Anim"},{"issue":"7","key":"1522_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40195-016-0439-5","volume":"29","author":"R Meraat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meraat R, Ziabari AA, Issazadeh K, Shadan N, Jalali KM (2016) Synthesis and characterization of the antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 29(7):601\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40195-016-0439-5","journal-title":"Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett)"},{"key":"1522_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.05.008","volume":"92","author":"LL Duffy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duffy LL, Osmond-McLeod MJ, Judy J, King T (2018) Investigation into the antibacterial activity of silver, zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles against poultry-relevant isolates of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Food Control 92:293\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.05.008","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2020.007","volume":"10","author":"M Alizadeh-Sani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alizadeh-Sani M, Hamishehkar H, Khezerlou A, Maleki M, Azizi-Lalabadi M, Bagheri V, Safaei P, Azimi T, Hashemi M, Ehsani A (2019) Kinetics Analysis and susceptibility coefficient of the pathogenic Bacteria by Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. Adv Pharm Bull 10(1):56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/apb.2020.007","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"1522_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoseinzadeh E, Alikhani MY, Samarghandi MR, Shirzad-Siboni (2013) Antimicrobial potential of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Desalin Water Treat 52(25\u201327):4969\u20134976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2013.810356","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.810356"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0259190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259190","volume":"17","author":"S Hayat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayat S, Ashraf A, Zubair M, Aslam B, Siddique MH, Khurshid M, Saqalein M, Khan AM, Almatroudi A, Naeem Z, Muzammil S (2022) Biofabrication of ZnO nanoparticles using Acacia arabica leaf extract and their antibiofilm and antioxidant potential against foodborne pathogens. PLoS ONE 17(1):e0259190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259190","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"1522_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102468","volume":"20","author":"S Shaikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaikh S, Nazam N, Rizvi SS, Ahmad K, Baig MH, Lee E, Choi I (2019) Mechanistic insights into the antimicrobial actions of metallic nanoparticles and their implications for Multidrug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 20(10):2468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20102468","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1522_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091057","volume":"15","author":"DH Abdelkader","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelkader DH, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Eliwa D, Aldosari BN, Almurshedi AS (2022) Zinc oxide nanoparticles as potential delivery carrier: Green Synthesis by Aspergillus Niger Endophytic Fungus, characterization, and in Vitro\/In vivo antibacterial activity. Pharm 15(9):1057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15091057","journal-title":"Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1522_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1021\/am507532p","volume":"7","author":"X Bai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bai X, Li L, Liu H, Tan L, Liu T, Meng X (2015) Solvothermal Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and Anti-infection application in vivo. ACS Appl Mater &Amp Interfaces 7(2):1308\u20131317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am507532p","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater &Amp Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"1522_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2022.2056191","volume":"50","author":"B Alotaibi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alotaibi B, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Elharty ME, Saleh A, Abdelkader DH, Mokhtar FA (2022) Antibacterial activity of nano zinc oxide green-synthesised from Gardenia Thailandica triveng. Leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates: in vitro and in vivo study. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 50(1):96\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21691401.2022.2056191","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"1522_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6993","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s270204","volume":"15","author":"MM Farouk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farouk MM, El-Molla A, Salib FA, Soliman YA, Shaalan M (2020) The role of silver nanoparticles in a Treatment Approach for Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species isolates. Int J Nanomed 15:6993\u20137011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s270204","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T10:07:29Z","timestamp":1736330849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01522-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1517-8382","1678-4405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1517-8382","type":"print"},{"value":"1678-4405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Institutional Review Board of National Institutes of Health, Islamabad Pakistan (F.1\u20135\/RAPiD\/2021-22\/IRB).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}