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This study delineates the biochemical and <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic> sequence-based molecular identification of 14 <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from aquatic environments in Kerala, India, identifying them as <jats:italic>A. dhakensis<\/jats:italic> (50%), <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> (28.6%), and <jats:italic>A. jandaei<\/jats:italic> (21.4%). These strains exhibit a high prevalence of virulence genes (<jats:italic>act<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ser<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gcat<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>lip<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ela<\/jats:italic>) implicated in pathogenesis in both fish and humans. These findings underline the emergence of <jats:italic>A. dhakensis<\/jats:italic>, often misidentified as <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>, as a potential pathogen, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive identification methods. Significantly, all strains demonstrated beta-hemolysis and moderate to strong biofilm formation, enhancing their infectivity potential. Moreover, all isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with a multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.39 to 0.56, and a significant presence of class 1 (500\u20131100\u00a0bp) and class 2 (250\u2013700\u00a0bp) integrons, indicating their potential risk to both fish and human populations. Our results underscore the role of aquatic environment as a repository for virulent and multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> spp., emphasizing the imperative for prudent antimicrobial usage and regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-024-01601-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T09:51:50Z","timestamp":1736848310000},"page":"303-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas in aquatic environments of Kerala, India: potential risks to fish and humans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vandan","family":"Nagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhat","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murugadas","family":"Vaiyapuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toms C.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1601_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaa055","volume":"12","author":"E Talagrand-Reboul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Talagrand-Reboul E, Colston SM, Graf J, Lamy B, Jumas-Bilak E (2020) Comparative and evolutionary genomics of isolates provide insight into the pathoadaptation of Aeromonas. 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