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This study aimed to investigate the presence of Mollicutes and\n                    <jats:italic>Ureaplasma diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the reproductive tract of dairy cows and determine the associated risk factors, as well as identify circulating strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    in herds. Vaginal swab samples from 392 lactating cows were subjected to generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mollicutes detection and specific PCR for\n                    <jats:italic>U. diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    identification. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors. Positive samples for\n                    <jats:italic>U. diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were sequenced from the intergenic region 16\u201323\u00a0S rRNA and multiple alignments were performed to generate a phylogram. The geographical coordinates of the municipalities where the herds were located were used for the phylogeographic analysis. Mollicutes and\n                    <jats:italic>U. diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in 45.4% (178\/392) and 21.7% (85\/392) of the samples, respectively, with a herd-level prevalence of 88.8%. Age group heifers (OR\u2009=\u20094.006; CI 1.283\u201312.510) and history of genital lesions (OR\u2009=\u20095.564; CI 3.011\u201310.284) were the biggest associated risk factors, in addition to other effects. The frequency of these agents was high and different strains of\n                    <jats:italic>U. diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were found to be spread throughout the studied states, likely due to the extensive animal movement network.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-025-01837-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:46:22Z","timestamp":1778507182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence of mollicutes infection and molecular identification of ureaplasmas from the reproductive tract of dairy cattle kept under tropical conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ana Carolina Nunes","family":"de Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle Regis","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"dos Santos Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"de Figueiredo Cardoso Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Panzenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Felipe Alvarez","family":"Balaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Nunes","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elmiro Rosendo","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. 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Data supporting the findings of this study are publicly available. Data related to the identification of the private property are not publicly available due to confidentiality restrictions but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"136"}}