{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:18:26Z","timestamp":1780957106225,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz J Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:19:53Z","timestamp":1769005193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as active ingredient for anticariogenic products: studies in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Gosuen","family":"Gon\u00e7alves Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francielle Aparecida","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo C\u00e1ssio Sola","family":"Veneziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Luis Tame","family":"Parreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"de Freitas Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Crispim","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saulo Duarte","family":"Ozelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e1bata Rodrigues","family":"Esperandim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Anita Lemos Vasconcelos","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vict\u00f3ria Marques Russo","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhenice Palmeira","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Rodrigues","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Ricardo","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12314","volume":"28","author":"A Banihani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banihani A, Duggal M, Toumba J, Deery C (2018) Outcomes of the conventional and biological treatment approaches for the management of caries in the primary dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent 28(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ipd.12314","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"104","key":"1851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0557-8","volume":"18","author":"A Elamin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elamin A, Garemo M, Gardner A (2008) Dental caries and their association with socioeconomic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and eating habits among preschool children in Abu Dhabi, united Arab Emirates - the NOPLAS project. BMC Oral Health 18(104):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0557-8","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12390","volume":"52","author":"S Almeida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeida S, Figueredo CM, Lemos C, Bregman R, Fischer RG (2017) Periodontal treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 52(2):262\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12390","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"1851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3290\/j.ohpd.a45437","volume":"27","author":"J Jeyakumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeyakumar J, Sculean C, Eick S (2020) Anti-biofilm activity of oral health care products containing chlorhexidine digluconate and Citrox. Oral Health Prev Dent 27(18):981\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.ohpd.a45437","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"1851_CR5","first-page":"145","volume":"32","author":"KIR Teixeira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teixeira KIR, Bueno AC, Cort\u00e9s ME (2020) Processos f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicos no biofilme dent\u00e1rio relacionados \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o Da c\u00e1rie. Quim Nova Esc 32(3):145\u2013150","journal-title":"Quim Nova Esc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572006000400015","volume":"14","author":"ARD Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es ARD, Peres MA, Vieira R, Ferreira RM, Ramos-Jorde ML, Apolinario S, Debom A (2006) Self-perception of side effects by adolescents in a chlorhexidine-fluoride-based preventive oral health program. J Appl Oral Sci 14(4):291\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1678-77572006000400015","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.18256\/2238-510X\/j.oralinvestigations.v3n1p33-37","volume":"3","author":"J Pegoraro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pegoraro J, Silvestri L, Cara G, Stefenon L, Mozzini CB (2024) Efeitos adversos do gluconato de clorexidina \u00e0 0,12%. J Oral Investig 3(1):33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18256\/2238-510X\/j.oralinvestigations.v3n1p33-37","journal-title":"J Oral Investig"},{"key":"1851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawrence JR, Zhu B, Swerhone GDW, Topp E, Roy J, Wassenaar LI, Rema T, Korber DR (208AD) Community-level assessment of the effects of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial chlorhexidine on the outcome of river microbial biofilm development. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(11):3541\u20133550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02879-07","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02879-07"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.22409\/ijosd.v1i38.126","volume":"38","author":"LMM Cruz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cruz LMM, Nascimento AGS, Silva LE, Leal B, Kalil MTAC, Almeida HCC (2012) Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da citotoxicidade das solu\u00e7\u00f5es de clorexidina nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de 2,5% a 5%. Int J Sci Dent 38(1):23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22409\/ijosd.v1i38.126","journal-title":"Int J Sci Dent"},{"issue":"16360","key":"1851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34340-8","volume":"8","author":"A Argyraki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Argyraki A, Markvart M, Stavnsbjerg C, Kragh KN, Ou Y, Bjorndal L, Bjarnsolt T, Petersen PM (2018) UV light assisted antibiotics for eradication of in vitro biofilms. Sci Rep 8(16360):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-34340-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1283","key":"1851_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11081283","volume":"11","author":"Y Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan Y, Xia Q, Xiao H (2019) Cationic polymers with tailored structures for rendering polysaccharide-based materials antimicrobial: an overview. Polym 11(1283):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym11081283","journal-title":"Polym"},{"key":"1851_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sowlati-hashjin S, Carbone P, Karttunen M (2020) Insights into the polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) mechanism of action on bacterial membrane and DNA: a molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B 124(22):4487\u20134497. https:\/\/doi.org\/0.1021\/acs.jpcb.0c02609","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.0c02609"},{"issue":"12","key":"1851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/003350-0","volume":"57","author":"MK Oul\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oul\u00e9 MK, Azinwi R, Bernier AM, Kablan T, Maupertuis AM, Mauler S, Nevry RK, Demb\u00e9l\u00e9 K, Forbes L, Diop L (2008) Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 57(12):1523\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/003350-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1851_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1021\/am200094u","volume":"3","author":"L Qian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qian L, Xiao H, Zhao G, He B (2011) Synthesis of modified guanidine-based polymers and their antimicrobial activities revealed by AFM and CLSM. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3(6):1895\u20131901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am200094u","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"10","key":"1851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.047514-0","volume":"61","author":"MK Oul\u00e9","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oul\u00e9 MK, Quinn K, Dickman M, Bernier AM, Rondeau S, Moissac DD, Boisvert A, Diop L (2012) Akwaton, polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride-based sporicidal disinfectant: a novel tool to fight bacterial spores and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 61(10):1421\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.047514-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.079467-0","volume":"64","author":"MK Oul\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oul\u00e9 MK, Staines K, Lightly T, Roberts L, Traor\u00e9 YL, Dickman M, Bernier AM, Diop L (2015) Fungicidal activity of AKWATON and in vitro assessment of its toxic effects on animal cells. J Med Microbiol 64(1):59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.079467-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2016.09.001","volume":"121","author":"H Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi H, Kim KJ, Lee DG (2016) Antifungal activity of the cationic antimicrobial polymer-polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and its mode of action. Fungal Biol 121(1):53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.funbio.2016.09.001","journal-title":"Fungal Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR18","first-page":"49","volume":"4","author":"BH Mashat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mashat BH (2016) Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride: features and applications. Br J Environ Sci 4(1):49\u201355","journal-title":"Br J Environ Sci"},{"key":"1851_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vitt A, Sofrata A, Slizen V, Sugars RV, Gustafsson A, Gudkova EI, Kazeko LA, Ramberg P, Buhlin K (215AD) Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in comparison to chlorhexidine using the quantitative suspension method. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 14(36):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-015-0097-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0097-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-017-0974-9","volume":"26","author":"MS Brzezinska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brzezinska MS, Walczak M, Jankiewicz U, Pejchalova M (2018) Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine derivatives introduced into polycaprolactone. J Polym Environ 26(2):589\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10924-017-0974-9","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"1851_CR21","unstructured":"CLSI (2020) Performace Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptitibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Institute"},{"key":"1851_CR22","volume-title":"Microbiologia","author":"LR Trabulsi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Trabulsi LR, Alterthum F (2005) Microbiologia, 4th ed. Atheneu, S\u00e3o Paulo","edition":"4th ed"},{"issue":"110467","key":"1851_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110467","volume":"129","author":"TS Moraes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moraes TS, Leandro LF, Santiago MB, Siva LO, Bianchi TC, Veneziani RCS, Ambr\u00f3sio SR, Ramos SB, Bastos JK, Martins CHG (2020) Assessment of the antibacterial, antivirulence, and action mechanism of Copaifera pubiflora Oleoresin and isolated compounds against oral bacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 129(110467):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110467","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"1851_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00574-07","volume":"52","author":"V Chaturvedi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chaturvedi V, Ramani R, Ghannoum MA, SKillian SB, Holliday N, Knapp C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Messer SA, Pfaller MA, Iqbal NJ, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Vazquez JA, Sein T, Rex JH, Walsh TJ (2008) Multilaboratory testing of antifungal combinations against a quality control isolate of Candida krusei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(4):1500\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00574-07","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.2.345","volume":"49","author":"RE Lewis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewis RE, Diekema DJ, Messer AS, Pfaller MA, Klepser ME (2002) Comparison of Etest, chequerboard dilution and time-kill studies for the detection of synergy or antagonism between antifungal agents tested against Candida species. J Antimicrob Chemother 49(2):345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/49.2.345","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-019-02804-4","volume":"52","author":"Y Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao Y, Yin H, Wang W, Pei P, Wang Y, Wang X, Jiang J, Luo SZ, Chen L (2020) Killing Streptococcus mutans in mature biofilm with a combination of antimicrobial and antibiofilm peptides. Amino Acids 52(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-019-02804-4","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"1851_CR27","unstructured":"Flecknell PA, Richardson CA, Popovic A (2007) Laboratory animals. In: TRANQUILLI WJ, THURMON JC, GRIMM KA (eds) Lumb & Jones\u00b4 veterinary anesthesia and analgesia, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa"},{"key":"1851_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264264762-en","volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4","author":"OECD","year":"2016","unstructured":"OECD (2016) Test No. 474: Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. OECD Publishing, Paris. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264264762-en"},{"key":"1851_CR29","unstructured":"Carson FL, Hladik C (209). Histotechnology - a self instructional text. 3th ed. Chicago: ASCP Press"},{"issue":"8","key":"1851_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.04.008","volume":"41","author":"C Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang C, Du J, Peng Z (2015) Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis and persistent intraradicular infection compared with primary intraradicular infection: a systematic review. J Endod 41(8):1207\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2015.04.008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"1851_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-024-01603-8","author":"DF Finotelli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Finotelli DF, Martins CHG, Souza SL, Santos ALO, Santiago MB, Ambr\u00f3sio SR, Veneziani RCS, Parreira RLT, Mello LA, Pereira LF, Dias FGG (2025) Microbiological and toxicity analyses of the synthetic polymer polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride against endodontic microorganisms. Braz J Microbiol Doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-024-01603-8","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol Doi"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105739","volume":"160","author":"FGG Dias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dias FGG, Pereira LF, Parreira LRT, Veneziani RCS, Bianchi TC, Fontes VFNP, Galvani MC, Cerce DDP, Matins CHG, Rinaldi-Neto F, Ferreira NH, Silva LHD, Oliveira LTS, Eperandim TR, Sousa FA, Ambr\u00f3sio SR, Tavares DC (2021) Evaluation of the antiseptic and wound healing potential of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as well as its toxic effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 160(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105739","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-023-01107-x","volume":"54","author":"RA Barros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barros RA, Rodrigues MA, Ambr\u00f3sio SR, Veneziani RCS, Paulino J\u00fanior D, Parreira RLT, Ambr\u00f3sio MALV, Silva TS, Pereira LF, Pessinato MG, Brito VJSC, Branco CH, Dias FGG (2023) Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as promising active ingredient for oral antiseptic products to eliminate microorganisms threatening the health of endangered wild cats: a comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate. Braz J Microbiol 54(1):3211\u20133220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-023-01107-x","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1851_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051195","volume":"12","author":"S Alfei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alfei S, Schito AM (2020) Positively charged polymers as promising devices against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria: a review. Polymers 12(5):1\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12051195","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020731","volume":"23","author":"OV Moshynets","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moshynets OV, Baranovskyi TP, Iungin OS, Kysil NP, Metelytsia LO, Pokholenko I, Potochilova VV, Potters G, Rudnieva KL, Rymar SY, Semenyuta IV, Spiers AJ, Tarasyuk OP, Rogalsky SP (2022) eDNA a inactivation and bioflm inhibition by the polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH-Cl). Int J Mol Sci 23(2):731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23020731","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"517","key":"1851_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9100517","volume":"9","author":"X Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo X, Jiang Z, Zhang N, Yang Z, Zhou Z (2017) Interactions of biocidal polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and its analogs with POPC model membranes. Polym 9(517):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym9100517","journal-title":"Polym"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.043","volume":"318","author":"MJ Allen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Allen MJ, Morby AP, White GF (2004) Cooperativity in the binding of the cationic biocide polyhexamethylene Biguanide to nucleic acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(2):397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.043","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1851_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12782","volume":"284","author":"T Bjarnsholt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bjarnsholt T, Buhlin K, Dufr\u00eane YF, Gomelsky M, Moroni A, Ramstedt M, Rumbaugh KP, Schulte T, Sun L, Akerlund B, R\u00f6mling U (2018) Biofilm formation - what we can learn from recent development. J Inter Med 284(4):332\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12782","journal-title":"J Inter Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2018.07.001","volume":"55","author":"S Takenaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takenaka S, Ohsumi T, Noiri Y (2019) Evidence-based strategy for dental biofilms: current evidence of mouthwashes on dental biofilm and gingivitis. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 55(1):33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdsr.2018.07.001","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"},{"key":"1851_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krzy\u015bciak W, Jurczak A, Ko\u015bcielniak D, Bystrowska B, Skalniak A (2014) The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms. Eur J Clin Microbiol 33(4):499\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1993-7.39. Hasibul K, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Hashimoto M, Yamasaki H, Ogawa T, Waki J, Tada A, Yoneda S, Tokuda M, Miyake M, Kuwahara T (2018) D\u2013Tagatose inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Mol Med Rep 17(1):843\u2013851. doi: 10.3892\/mmr.2017.8017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1993-7.39"},{"issue":"6","key":"1851_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814553036","volume":"33","author":"IJ Asiedu-Gyekye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Mahmood SA, Awortwe C, Nyarko AK (2014) A preliminary safety evaluation of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. Int J Toxicol 33(6):523\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581814553036","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1851_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2005002400007","volume":"85","author":"MC Bertolami","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bertolami MC (2005) Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Arq Bras Cardiol 85(5):25\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0066-782X2005002400007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"1851_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"NM Botelho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Botelho NM, Carvalho RKV, Matos LTMB, Lobato RC, Corr\u00eaa SC (2010) Efeito Subagudo de Altas doses do \u00f3leo de copa\u00edba Nos n\u00edveis de Enzimas hep\u00e1ticas Em Soro de Ratos. Rev Para Med 24(3\/4):1\u20137","journal-title":"Rev Para Med"},{"issue":"386734","key":"1851_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/386734","volume":"2013","author":"F Hajiaghaalipour","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hajiaghaalipour F, Kanthimathi NS, Abdulla MA, Sanusi J (2013) The effect of Camellia sinensis on wound healing potential in an animal model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013(386734):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/386734","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"337","key":"1851_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-337","volume":"13","author":"LFT Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin LFT, Rocha EM, Garcia SB, Paula JS (2013) Topical Brazilian propolis improves corneal wound healing and inflammation in rats following alkali burns. BMC Complement Altern Med 13(337):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-337","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"141","key":"1851_CR46","first-page":"57","volume":"38","author":"M Pistore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pistore M, Brustolin M, Rosset A, Zanella CA, Cansian RL, Roman SS (2014) Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do uso t\u00f3pico do \u00f3leo essencial de Ruta graveolens L. (arruda) na cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o de feridas em ratos. Perspectiva 38(141):57\u201368","journal-title":"Perspectiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"1851_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.38929","volume":"19","author":"EP Flemingson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flemingson EP, Ambalavanan N, Ramakrishnan T, Vijayalakshmi R (2008) Effect of three commercial mouth rinses on cultured human gingival fibroblast: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 19(1):29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-9290.38929","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.15421\/011713","volume":"25","author":"AV Lysytsya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lysytsya AV (2017) Research on the impact of polyhexamethyleneguanidine on the plant component of biocenoses. Biosyst Divers 25(2):89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15421\/011713","journal-title":"Biosyst Divers"},{"issue":"2","key":"1851_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2472-1212.1000140","volume":"3","author":"MK Oul\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oul\u00e9 MK, Lesage C, Gauvin J, Friesen M (2017) In vitro assessment of the toxic effects of an AKWATON-based disinfectant on human tissues. J Antimicrob Agents 3(2):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2472-1212.1000140","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Agents"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:19:56Z","timestamp":1769005196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-025-01851-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1517-8382","1678-4405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1517-8382","type":"print"},{"value":"1678-4405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"40"}}