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These RNA viruses exhibit high mutation and recombination rates, favoring the emergence of novel variants with epidemiological relevance. In this study, wastewater-based epidemiology was applied to monitor the circulation of norovirus genogroups GI and GII in raw sewage samples collected biweekly throughout 2024 from a wastewater treatment plant serving the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In parallel, the analytical performance of a commercial RT-qPCR kit was evaluated in comparison with an in-house RT-qPCR protocol for norovirus detection and quantification. A total of 24 samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, and viral nucleic acids were extracted using the Quick-DNA\/RNA\u2122 Viral MagBead kit. Norovirus GI and GII were detected and quantified using both the IBMP Biomol Rotavirus and Norovirus Kit and in-house assays. The IBMP kit showed higher detection rates for GI (54.2%) and GII (100%) compared with the in-house protocol (20.9% and 70.8%, respectively), as well as higher median viral concentrations for both genogroups. [GI (5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 vs. 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    gc \u00b5L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and GII (7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 vs. 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    gc \u00b5L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    )]. Molecular characterization based on partial ORF1 (RdRp) and ORF2 (VP1) regions identified genotypes GII.17[P17], GI.3[P3], and GI.3[P13], indicating the environmental circulation of globally disseminated strains previously associated with outbreaks. Overall, these findings support the applicability of wastewater-based surveillance for monitoring norovirus genotype circulation and highlight the usefulness of a commercial RT-qPCR assay for sensitive detection and quantification of noroviruses in environmental samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-026-01939-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:13:48Z","timestamp":1776856428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wastewater-based surveillance of norovirus GI and GII: Comparative performance of commercial and in-house RT-qPCR Assays"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Renato Becho","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0779-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Vinicius Costa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateus","family":"de Souza Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille Ferreira","family":"Mannarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Correia","family":"Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando C\u00e9sar","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulio Machado","family":"Fumian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marize Pereira","family":"Miagostovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01144-9","volume":"23","author":"BVV Prasad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prasad BVV, Atmar RL, Ramani S, Palzkill T, Song Y, Crawford SE et al (2025) Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances. 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