{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T12:30:23Z","timestamp":1787056223788,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007082","name":"Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz J Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Meat products represent important vehicles for foodborne viral transmission, yet standardized detection methodologies for these complex matrices remain limited. This study systematically compared three viral recovery methods across nine meat products representing chicken, pork, and processed deli meat matrices: polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) precipitation, glycine buffer-chloroform (GBC) phase separation, and \u03b2-mercaptoethanol (B-M) chaotropic lysis. Using Murine Norovirus 1 (MNV-1) and Murine Hepatitis Virus 3 (MHV-3) as process controls, recovery efficiency was assessed by RT-qPCR. The B-M method demonstrated the most consistent performance, successfully detecting MNV-1 across all tested matrices and significantly outperforming PEG and GBC for MNV-1 in chicken and pork. Applying the B-M method to 25 commercial retail products revealed the genetic material of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in four samples and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in one sample, exclusively within pork products. These findings provide critical comparative performance data for method selection in viral surveillance of meat and document the occurrence of HEV and PCV-2 genetic material in commercial pork products from Santa Catarina, Brazil, highlighting a significant food and agricultural biosafety concern in this major meat-producing and exporting state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1787054333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance evaluation of methods for detecting enteric viruses in meat products"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Zanchetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rogovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Borges da Silva","family":"Grisard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7948-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Pereira","family":"Savi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2506-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catielen Paula","family":"Pavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9479-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina Carvalho","family":"Suominsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Von T\u00f6nnemann","family":"Pilati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5596-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislaine","family":"Fongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2058_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todd ECD (2014) Foodborne diseases: overview of biological hazards and foodborne diseases. Encyclopedia of food safety. Elsevier, pp 221\u2013242","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-378612-8.00071-8"},{"key":"2058_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2018.12.002","volume":"30","author":"RC Miranda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miranda RC, Schaffner DW (2019) Virus risk in the food supply chain. Curr Opin Food Sci 30:43\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2018.12.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"2058_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.188","volume":"21","author":"A Mortari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mortari A, Kolling D, Sobral D, Kist A, De Dea Lindner J, Fongaro G, Miotto M (2023) Norovirus and rotavirus in surface, malacoculture, and human consumption water in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. J Water Health 21:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2022.188","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"2058_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","volume":"113","author":"C Schrader","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrader C, Schielke A, Ellerbroek L, Johne R (2012) PCR inhibitors - occurrence, properties and removal. J Appl Microbiol 113:1014\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.014","volume":"153","author":"A Stals","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stals A, Baert L, Van Coillie E, Uyttendaele M (2012) Extraction of food-borne viruses from food samples: A review. Int J Food Microbiol 153:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.014","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.12.003","volume":"4","author":"G Kotwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kotwal G, Cannon JL (2014) Environmental persistence and transfer of enteric viruses. Curr Opin Virol 4:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.12.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.001","volume":"285","author":"A Bosch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bosch A, Gkogka E, Le Guyader FS, Loisy-Hamon F, Lee A, Van Lieshout L, Marthi B, Myrmel M, Sansom A, Schultz AC, Winkler A, Zuber S, Phister T (2018) Foodborne viruses: Detection, risk assessment, and control options in food processing. Int J Food Microbiol 285:110\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.001","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081725","volume":"15","author":"K Nemes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nemes K, Persson S, Simonsson M (2023) Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus as Food- and Waterborne Pathogens\u2014Transmission Routes and Methods for Detection in Food. Viruses 15:1725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15081725","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2058_CR9","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (2017) Microbiology of the food chain\u2014horizontal method for determination of hepatitis A virus and norovirus using real-time RT-PCR\u2014part 1: method for quantification (ISO 15216-1:2017)"},{"key":"2058_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108764","volume":"134","author":"J Hrdy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hrdy J, Vasickova P (2022) Virus detection methods for different kinds of food and water samples \u2013 The importance of molecular techniques. Food Control 134:108764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108764","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2058_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030286","volume":"11","author":"M Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia M, Taylor TM, Senger SM, Ovissipour R, Bertke AS (2022) SARS-CoV-2 Remains Infectious on Refrigerated Deli Food, Meats, and Fresh Produce for up to 21 Days. Foods 11:286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11030286","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1021\/np50090a003","volume":"55","author":"M Amoros","year":"1992","unstructured":"Amoros M, Sim\u00f5s CMO, Girre L, Sauvager F, Cormier M (1992) Synergistic Effect of Flavones and Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Cell Culture. Comparison with the Antiviral Activity of Propolis. J Nat Prod 55:1732\u20131740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/np50090a003","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"2058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.9790\/9622-0701023539","volume":"7","author":"-MM Campos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campos -MM, Campos-C R (2017) Applications of quartering method in soils and foods. Int J Eng Res Appl 7:35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/9622-0701023539","journal-title":"Int J Eng Res Appl"},{"key":"2058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000400007","volume":"104","author":"A Schlindwein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schlindwein A, Sim\u00f5es C, Barardi C (2009) Comparative study of two extraction methods for enteric virus recovery from sewage sludge by molecular methods. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104:576\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0074-02762009000400007","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.07.022","volume":"93","author":"A Viancelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viancelli A, Garcia LAT, Kunz A, Steinmetz R, Esteves PA, Barardi CRM (2012) Detection of circoviruses and porcine adenoviruses in water samples collected from swine manure treatment systems. Res Vet Sci 93:538\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.07.022","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2058_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.54.8.1983-1988.1988","volume":"54","author":"GD Lewis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lewis GD, Metcalf TG (1988) Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis A virus and human rotavirus, from oyster, water, and sediment samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1983\u20131988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.54.8.1983-1988.1988","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-018-9340-x","volume":"10","author":"D Moor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moor D, Liniger M, Baumgartner A, Felleisen R (2018) Screening of Ready-to-Eat Meat Products for Hepatitis E Virus in Switzerland. Food Environ Virol 10:263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12560-018-9340-x","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081957","volume":"10","author":"R Degenhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Degenhardt R, Sobral Marques Souza D, Acordi Menezes LA, De Melo Pereira GV, Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00e1zaro D, Fongaro G, De Dea Lindner J (2021) Detection of Enteric Viruses and Core Microbiome Analysis in Artisanal Colonial Salami-Type Dry-Fermented Sausages from Santa Catarina, Brazil. Foods 10:1957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10081957","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2008.06.002","volume":"25","author":"L Baert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baert L, Uyttendaele M, Van Coillie E, Debevere J (2008) The reduction of murine norovirus 1, B. fragilis HSP40 infecting phage B40-8 and E. coli after a mild thermal pasteurization process of raspberry puree. Food Microbiol 25:871\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2008.06.002","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR20","first-page":"111","volume":"52","author":"DG Besselsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Besselsen DG, Wagner AM, Loganbill JK (2002) Detection of rodent coronaviruses by use of fluorogenic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Comp Med 52:111\u2013116","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"2058_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1548-1557.2003","volume":"41","author":"T Kageyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kageyama T, Kojima S, Shinohara M, Uchida K, Fukushi S, Hoshino FB, Takeda N, Katayama K (2003) Broadly Reactive and Highly Sensitive Assay for Norwalk-Like Viruses Based on Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 41:1548\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1548-1557.2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.6.3131-3136.2005","volume":"71","author":"N Jothikumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jothikumar N, Cromeans TL, Hill VR, Lu X, Sobsey MD, Erdman DD (2005) Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection of Human Adenoviruses and Identification of Serotypes 40 and 41. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:3131\u20133136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.71.6.3131-3136.2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.07.004","volume":"131","author":"N Jothikumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jothikumar N, Cromeans TL, Robertson BH, Meng XJ, Hill VR (2006) A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus. J Virol Methods 131:65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.07.004","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2058_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.08.004","volume":"153","author":"S-Q Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng S-Q, Halkosalo A, Salminen M, Szakal ED, Puustinen L, Vesikari T (2008) One-step quantitative RT-PCR for the detection of rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis. J Virol Methods 153:238\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.08.004","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2058_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.02.006","volume":"158","author":"A Hundesa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hundesa A, De Maluquer C, Albinana-Gimenez N, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Bofill-Mas S, Su\u00f1en E, Rosina Girones R (2009) Development of a qPCR assay for the quantification of porcine adenoviruses as an MST tool for swine fecal contamination in the environment. J Virol Methods 158:130\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.02.006","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2058_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.40-5-521","volume":"40","author":"T Opriessnig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Opriessnig T, Yu S, Gallup JM, Evans RB, Fenaux M, Pallares F, Thacker EL, Brockus CW, Ackermann MR, Thomas P, Meng XJ, Halbur PG (2003) Effect of Vaccination with Selective Bacterins on Conventional Pigs Infected with Type 2 Porcine Circovirus. Vet Pathol 40:521\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1354\/vp.40-5-521","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2058_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2018.07.001","volume":"260","author":"I Da Silva Luz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Da Silva Luz I, Miagostovich MP (2018) Comparison of viral elution-concentration methods for recovering noroviruses from deli meats. J Virol Methods 260:49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2018.07.001","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2058_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111928","volume":"459","author":"C Hennechart-Collette","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hennechart-Collette C, Fourniol L, Fraisse A, Perelle S (2026) Characterization of a method to detect hepatitis A virus and norovirus in meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 459:111928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111928","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-024-09617-z","volume":"17","author":"G Di Cola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di Cola G, Fantilli AC, Rodr\u00edguez-Lombardi G, Rucci KA, Castro G, Mirazo S, Nates SV, Pisano MB, R\u00e9 VE (2025) Assessment of Hepatitis E Virus RNA Detection in Meat Samples: Optimization of Pre-analytical Conditions. Food Environ Virol 17:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12560-024-09617-z","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldring JPD (2019) Concentrating proteins by salt, polyethylene glycol, solvent, SDS precipitation, three-phase partitioning, dialysis, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, lyophilization, affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation or increased temperature for protein isolation, drug interaction, and proteomic and peptidomic evaluation. In: Kurien BT, Scofield RH (eds) Electrophoretic separation of proteins. Springer New York, pp 41\u201359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8793-1_4"},{"key":"2058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.02.003","volume":"150","author":"JA Blow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blow JA, Mores CN, Dyer J, Dohm DJ (2008) Viral nucleic acid stabilization by RNA extraction reagent. J Virol Methods 150:41\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.02.003","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2058_CR32","unstructured":"Sigma-Aldrich (2024) Safety data sheet: \u03b2-mercaptoethanol (product no. 516732)"},{"key":"2058_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-022-09538-9","volume":"15","author":"VC Da Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Da Silva VC, Elois M, Savi BP, Miotto M, De Dea Lindner J, Fongaro G, Souza DSM (2023) Bioaccumulation Dynamic by Crassostrea gigas Oysters of Viruses That Are Proposed as Surrogates for Enteric Virus Contamination in Environmental Samples. Food Environ Virol 15:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12560-022-09538-9","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.41.2.816-821.1983","volume":"41","author":"SM Feinstone","year":"1983","unstructured":"Feinstone SM, Mihalik KB, Kamimura T, Alter HJ, London WT, Purcell RH (1983) Inactivation of hepatitis B virus and non-A, non-B hepatitis by chloroform. Infect Immun 41:816\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.41.2.816-821.1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2058_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(93)90148-Q","volume":"69","author":"NS El-shenawy","year":"1993","unstructured":"El-shenawy NS, Abdel-Rahman MS (1993) The mechanism of chloroform toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 69:77\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-4274(93)90148-Q","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2058_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.013","volume":"145","author":"A Stals","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stals A, Baert L, De Keuckelaere A, Van Coillie E, Uyttendaele M (2011) Evaluation of a norovirus detection methodology for ready-to-eat foods. Int J Food Microbiol 145:420\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.013","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-017-9281-9","volume":"9","author":"O Mykytczuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mykytczuk O, Harlow J, Bidawid S, Corneau N, Nasheri N (2017) Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of the Hepatitis E Virus in Retail Pork Products Marketed in Canada. Food Environ Virol 9:208\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12560-017-9281-9","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elois MA, Da Silva Grisard HB, Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00e1zaro D, Fongaro G (2024) Challenges and global trends in combating enteric hepatitis. J Gen Virol 105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.002059","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002059"},{"key":"2058_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21237","volume":"80","author":"PFM Teunis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teunis PFM, Moe CL, Liu P, Miller E, Lindesmith S, Baric L, Le Pendu RS, Calderon J RL (2008) Norwalk virus: How infectious is it? J Med Virol 80:1468\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21237","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2058_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12455","volume":"65","author":"AR Amorim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amorim AR, Mendes GS, Pena GPA, Santos N (2018) Hepatitis E virus infection of slaughtered healthy pigs in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 65:501\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12455","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"2058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.3390\/v15102006","volume":"15","author":"F Cancela","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cancela F, Icasuriaga R, Cuevas S, Hergatacorzian V, Olivera M, Panzera Y, P\u00e9rez R, L\u00f3pez J, Borzacconi L, Gonz\u00e1lez E, Montaldo N, Gait\u00e1n M, L\u00f3pez-Verges S, Bortagaray V, Victoria M, Colina R, Arbiza J, Berois M, Mirazo S (2023) Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission. Viruses 15:2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15102006","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136225","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1136225","volume":"10","author":"G Ianiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ianiro G, Pavoni E, Aprea G, Romantini R, Alborali GL, D\u2019Angelantonio D, Garofolo G, Scattolini S, De Sabato L, Magistrali CF, Burow E, Ostanello F, Smith RP, Di Bartolo I (2023) Cross-sectional study of hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation in Italian pig farms. Front Vet Sci 10:1136225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1136225","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2058_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050673","volume":"12","author":"GL Krumova-Valcheva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krumova-Valcheva GL, Di Bartolo I, Smith RP, Gyurova E, Mateva G, Milanov M, Dimitrova A, Burow E, Daskalov H (2023) Detection of HEV RNA Using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Bulgaria. Pathogens 12:673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12050673","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2058_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105209","volume":"171","author":"G Ianiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ianiro G, Pavoni E, De Sabato L, Monini M, Delibato E, Perrone V, Ostanello F, Niine T, Di Bartolo I (2024) Investigation of Salmonella, hepatitis E virus (HEV) and viral indicators of fecal contamination in four Italian pig slaughterhouses, 2021\u20132022. Res Vet Sci 171:105209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105209","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2058_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-270","volume":"81","author":"P Giannini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giannini P, Jermini M, Leggeri L, N\u00fcesch-Inderbinen M, Stephan R (2018) Detection of Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Raw Cured Sausages and Raw Cured Sausages Containing Pig Liver at Retail Stores in Switzerland. J Food Prot 81:43\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-270","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"2058_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110492","volume":"410","author":"C Bennett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bennett C, Coughlan S, Hunt K, Butler F, Fanning S, Ryan E, De Gascun C, O\u2019Gorman J (2024) Detection of hepatitis E RNA in pork products at point of retail in Ireland \u2013 Are consumers at risk? Int J Food Microbiol 410:110492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110492","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109033","volume":"339","author":"L Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison L, Ramos TDM, Wu X, DiCaprio E (2021) Presence of hepatitis E virus in commercially available pork products. Int J Food Microbiol 339:109033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109033","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04663.x","volume":"109","author":"B Michen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michen B, Graule T (2010) Isoelectric points of viruses. J Appl Microbiol 109:388\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04663.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03010-10","volume":"77","author":"H Maalouf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maalouf H, Schaeffer J, Parnaudeau S, Le Pendu J, Atmar RL, Crawford SE, Le Guyader FS (2011) Strain-Dependent Norovirus Bioaccumulation in Oysters. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:3189\u20133196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.03010-10","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2058_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04668-w","volume":"416","author":"CM Armstrong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Armstrong CM, He Y, Chen C-Y, Counihan K, Lee J, Reed S, Capobianco J (2024) Use of a commercial tissue dissociation system to detect Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Anal Bioanal Chem 416:621\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-023-04668-w","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"2058_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081231","volume":"8","author":"IM Sayed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sayed IM, Hammam ARA, Elfaruk MS, Alsaleem KA, Gaber MA, Ezzat AA, Salama EH, Elkhawaga AA, El-Mokhtar MA (2020) Enhancement of the Molecular and Serological Assessment of Hepatitis E Virus in Milk Samples. Microorganisms 8:1231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8081231","journal-title":"Microorganisms"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:58:55Z","timestamp":1787054335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-026-02058-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1517-8382","1678-4405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1517-8382","type":"print"},{"value":"1678-4405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"240"}}