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Antifungal activity of two\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (NT1 and NT2) was investigated against\n                    <jats:italic>F. verticillioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    97L in solid media and on corn seeds. Both\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates showed antifungal activity through production of diffusible antifungal compounds and NT2 showed the highest radial growth inhibition (61.7%). The seed treatments with\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    based formulations, powder (P) and suspension (S), reduced the disease severity index compared to the control (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), therefore they were efficient in inhibiting\n                    <jats:italic>F. verticillioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    97L growth in corn seed and had no negative effects on seed germination and vigor. Concerning the vigor test, treatments with\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    NT1(P) and NT2 (P) demonstrated a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increase in shoot length and biomass production in comparison to the untreated seeds, which can be related to the ability of these isolates to produce indole acetic acid and to solubilize phosphate. None of the isolates produced siderophores. The\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (NT1 and NT2) are promising biocontrol agents for developing new multifunctional formulations intended for management of corn disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>F. verticillioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    as an alternative to chemical fungicides. Despite the efficacy observed in the current study, further research is required to evaluate the shelf-life and stability of the powder and suspension formulations under various storage conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-026-02080-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:12:00Z","timestamp":1789114320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional action of Bacillus subtilis for Fusarium verticillioides biocontrol and growth promotion in corn seeds"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Melissa Tiemi","family":"Hirozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Augusto","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor Massahiro","family":"de Souza Suguiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Kaori","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Martinez","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4461-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete Yurie Sataque","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2080_CR1","unstructured":"CONAB (2026) Acompanhamento da Safra Brasileira de Gr\u00e3os, Bras\u00edlia, DF, v. 13, safra 2025\/26, quinto levantamento, fevereiro 2026. https:\/\/www.gov.br\/conab\/pt-br\/atuacao\/informacoes-agropecuarias\/safras\/safra-de-graos\/boletim-da-safra-de-graos\/5o-levantamento-safra-2025-26\/e-book_boletim-de-safras-5o-levantamento_2026.pdf. 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