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Individual written informed consent was obtained from each participating couple for the use of otherwise discarded, de-identified, whole sperm material for research purposes, as well as for the review of the medical chart (Protocol: RMA-00-02). All patients during the study time period were presented with the option of donating otherwise discarded biologic sperm material exclusively for research use.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Emre Seli receives research funding and is a consultant for the Foundation for Embryonic Competence.The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicting of Interests"}}]}}