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Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is usually associated with pregnant and neonatal complications. Most of the PROM cases are caused by ascending asymptomatic genital infection. In China, PROM (15.3%) is more common than spontaneous preterm labor (7.3%) and leads to more adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we designed a prospective cohort study to measure the metabolomics changes in vaginal swab samples and explored their potential contribution to PROM. A total of 260 differentially expressed metabolites were identified and further analyzed. In the PROM group, N-acetyl-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-galactosamine and sucrose were downregulated (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0025, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0195, respectively), both of which are the upstream metabolites of the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0154) and 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol 3-glucosiduronic acid (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.004), two final metabolites in steroid hormone biosynthesis, were both downregulated in the PROM group. Finally, we found two catechin metabolites (epigallocatechin-7-glucuronide, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0009; 4\u2032-methyl-epigallocatechin-7-glucuronide, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01) as well as DL-citrulline (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0393) were also significantly downregulated in the PROM group compared with the healthy control (HC) group, which are related to important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the human body. Altogether, metabolite changes in glycolysis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and antioxidant\/anti-inflammatory pathways may contribute to (or be a consequence of) vaginal dysbiosis and PROM. Metabolite pathway analysis is a new and promising approach to further investigate the mechanism of PROM and help prevent its unfavorable pregnant outcomes at a functional level. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000034721<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00338-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T19:02:49Z","timestamp":1602010969000},"page":"585-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Detection of Vaginal Metabolite Changes in Premature Rupture of Membrane Patients in Third Trimester Pregnancy: a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lou","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Le","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ying","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De-Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9420-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dao-Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0999-x","volume":"16","author":"RG Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown RG, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Smith A, Lehne B, Kindinger LM, et al. 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