{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:18:00Z","timestamp":1790813880670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["37940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T16:08:34Z","timestamp":1611850114000},"page":"1466-1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Germ Cell\u2013Specific Markers ZPBP2 and PGK2 in Testicular Biopsies Can Predict the Presence as well as the Quality of Sperm in Non-obstructive Azoospermia Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Ghanami Gashti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sadighi Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayob","family":"Jabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Qasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narjes","family":"Feizollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"427_CR1","volume-title":"[cited 2019 Jul 31];4:e28218","author":"M Wosnitzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wosnitzer M, Goldstein M, Hardy MP. Review of Azoospermia. Spermatogenesis [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jul 31];4:e28218. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25105055."},{"key":"427_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker K, Sabanegh E. Obstructive azoospermia: reconstructive techniques and results. Clinics (Sao Paulo) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2019 Jul 31];68 Suppl 1:61\u201373. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23503955.","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(Sup01)07"},{"key":"427_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del279","volume":"22","author":"RI McLachlan","year":"2007","unstructured":"McLachlan RI, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Hoei-Hansen CE, de Kretser DM, Skakkebaek NE. Histological evaluation of the human testis - approaches to optimizing the clinical value of the assessment: mini review. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:2\u201316.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"427_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Haggar S, Mostafa T, Abdel Nasser T, Hany R, Abdel Hadi A. Fine needle aspiration vs. mTESE in non-obstructive azoospermia. Int J Androl [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2019 Jul 31];31:595\u2013601. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17822417.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00814.x"},{"key":"427_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernaeve V, Tournaye H, Schiettecatte J, Verheyen G, Van Steirteghem A, Devroey P. Serum inhibin B cannot predict testicular sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2019 Jul 31];17:971\u20136. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11925393.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.971"},{"issue":"4","key":"427_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.07.07","volume":"6","author":"R Flannigan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flannigan R, Bach PV, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6(4):745\u201352.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"427_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drabovich AP, Dimitromanolakis A, Saraon P, Soosaipillai A, Batruch I, Mullen B, et al. Differential diagnosis of azoospermia with proteomic biomarkers ECM1 and TEX101 quantified in seminal plasma. Sci Transl Med [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2019 Jul 31];5:212ra160. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24259048.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006260"},{"key":"427_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0817-5","volume":"15","author":"D Korbakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Korbakis D, Schiza C, Brinc D, Soosaipillai A, Karakosta TD, L\u00e9gar\u00e9 C, et al. Preclinical evaluation of a TEX101 protein ELISA test for the differential diagnosis of male infertility. BMC Med. 2017;15:60\u201376.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"427_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katoh M, Katoh M. Identification and characterization of human ZPBP-like gene in silico. Int J Mol Med [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2019 Jul 31];12:399\u2013404. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12883658.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.12.3.399"},{"key":"427_CR10","first-page":"2471","volume":"19","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu X, Li Q, Wang W, Liu F. Aberrant expression of sperm-specific glycolytic enzymes are associated with poor sperm quality. Mol Med Rep. 2019;19:2471\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"427_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29369-8","volume":"8","author":"A Baksi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baksi A, Vasan SS, Dighe RR. DNA flow cytometric analysis of the human testicular tissues to investigate the status of spermatogenesis in azoospermic patients. Sci Rep. 2018;8:11117.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"427_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00520-3","volume":"73","author":"GJ Song","year":"2000","unstructured":"Song GJ, Lee H, Park Y. Expression pattern of germ cell \u2013 specific genes in the testis of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia : usefulness as a molecular marker to predict the presence of testicular sperm. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:1104\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"427_CR13","first-page":"131","volume":"14","author":"PN Schlegel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction : microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision. Hum Mol Genet. 1999;14:131\u20135.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"427_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.238","volume":"1","author":"C Riccardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Riccardi C, Nicoletti I. Analysis of apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Nat Protoc. 2006;1:1458\u201361.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"427_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30043-2","volume":"8587","author":"H Tournaye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tournaye H, Krausz C, Oates RD. Male reproductive impairment 2 concepts in diagnosis and therapy for male reproductive impairment. LANCET Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. 2016;8587:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30043-2.","journal-title":"LANCET Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]"},{"key":"427_CR16","unstructured":"Tash JA and Schlegel PN. Histologic effects of testicular sperm extraction. Urology. 2001;4295:0\u20133."},{"key":"427_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen S, Hsieh J, Yu H, Chang H. Appropriate cut-off value for follicle-stimulating hormone in azoospermia to predict spermatogenesis. 2010;8:108\u201313.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-108"},{"key":"427_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297-2302.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.020","volume":"95","author":"SE Kleiman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kleiman SE, Ph D, Lehavi O, Hauser R, Botchan A, Paz G, et al. CDY1 and BOULE transcripts assessed in the same biopsy as predictive markers for successful testicular sperm retrieval. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2011;95:2297-2302.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.020.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril [Internet]"},{"key":"427_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.055","volume":"96","author":"PJ Stahl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stahl PJ, Mielnik A, Schlegel PN, Paduch DA, Ph D. Heat shock factor Y chromosome ( HSFY ) mRNA level predicts the presence of retrievable testicular sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2011;96:303\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.055.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril [Internet]"},{"key":"427_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq074","volume":"25","author":"E Bonaparte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonaparte E, Moretti M, Colpi GM, Nerva F, Contalbi G, Vaccalluzzo L, et al. ESX1 gene expression as a robust marker of residual spermatogenesis in azoospermic men. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:1398\u2013403.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"427_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12528","volume":"6","author":"MS Hashemi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hashemi MS, Mozdarani H, Ghaedi K, N-EM. Among seven testis-specific molecular markers , SPEM1 appears to have a significant clinical value for prediction of sperm retrieval in azoospermic men. Andrology. 2018;6:890\u20135.","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"427_CR22","first-page":"30","volume":"7","author":"SM Kazemeyni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kazemeyni SM. Correlation between antisperm antibodies and successful testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic men. Reprod Biomed Online [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2020 Jun 22];7(Suppl 1):30\u201340.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online [Internet]"},{"key":"427_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01029-07","volume":"27","author":"Y Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin Y, Roy A, Yan W, Burns KH, Matzuk MM. Loss of Zona Pellucida binding proteins in the acrosomal matrix disrupts acrosome biogenesis and sperm morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27:6794\u2013805.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"427_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gax053","volume":"23","author":"F Torabi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torabi F, Bogle OA, Estanyol JM, Oliva R, Miller D. Zona pellucida-binding protein 2 ( ZPBP2 ) and several proteins containing BX7B motifs in human sperm may have hyaluronic acid binding or recognition properties. Mol Hum Reprod. 2017;23:803\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"427_CR25","first-page":"273","volume":"31","author":"X Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang H, Shen X, Liu F, Liu J, Wang W. Characteristics of testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 and its association with human sperm quality. Hum Reprod. 2016;31:273\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"427_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3435","volume":"12","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu F. In - depth mapping of human testicular and epididymal proteins and their functional association with spermatozoa. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12:173\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"427_CR27","first-page":"10257","volume":"12","author":"Xiao-fang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiao-fang, Liu Shen F. Comparative analysis of human reproductive proteomes identifies candidate proteins of sperm maturation. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;12:10257\u201363.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"427_CR28","first-page":"16","volume":"21","author":"A Tang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tang A, Yan Q, Sun L, Diao R, Yu Z, Zhang Z, et al. Developmental expression of ACRV1 in humans and mice. Andrologia. 2011;21:16\u201322.","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"427_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45014-4","volume":"34","author":"OPF Clausen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Clausen OPF, Abyholm T. Deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry of germ cells in the investigation of male infertility. Fertil Steril. 1980;34:369\u201374.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"427_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12510","volume":"48","author":"I Guler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guler I, Erdem M, Erdem A, Demirda\u011f E, Tunc L, Bozkurt N, et al. Impact of testicular histopathology as a predictor of sperm retrieval and pregnancy outcome in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia: correlation with clinical and hormonal factors. Andrologia. 2016;48:765\u201373.","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"427_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1191-8","volume":"35","author":"S Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee S, Park CW, Cheon Y, Lim CK. Potential of testicular sperm to support embryonic development to the blastocyst stage is comparable to that of ejaculated sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35:1103\u201311.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"427_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.138190","volume":"17","author":"Q Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Q, Huang YP, Wang HX, Hu K, Wang YX, Huang YR, et al. Follicle - stimulating hormone as a predictor for sperm retrieval rate in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia : a systematic review and meta - analysis. Asian J Androl. 2015;17:281\u20134.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T22:44:54Z","timestamp":1619477094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00427-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}