{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:54:26Z","timestamp":1787241266851,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T15:11:13Z","timestamp":1610723473000},"page":"1457-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Expression and Phosphorylation of Progesterone Receptor in Endometrial Stromal Cells of Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure Compared to Healthy Fertile Women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hosseinirad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marefat Ghaffari","family":"Novin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedighe","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Nazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Safaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teibeh","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Paktinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1354-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra Shams","family":"Mofarahe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.08.011","volume":"28","author":"C Coughlan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coughlan C, Ledger W, Wang Q, Liu F, Demirol A, Gurgan T, et al. Recurrent implantation failure: definition and management. Reprod BioMed Online. 2014;28(1):14\u201338.","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.04.020","volume":"108","author":"Y Magdi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Magdi Y, El-Damen A, Fathi AM, Abdelaziz AM, Abd-Elfatah Youssef M, Abd-Allah AA-E, et al. Revisiting the management of recurrent implantation failure through freeze-all policy. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(1):72\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"12","key":"428_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del305","volume":"21","author":"EJ Margalioth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Margalioth EJ, Ben-Chetrit A, Gal M, Eldar-Geva T. Investigation and treatment of repeated implantation failure following IVF-ET. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(12):3036\u201343.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"428_CR4","unstructured":"Timeva T, Shterev A, Kyurkchiev S. Recurrent Implantation Failure: The Role of the Endometrium. 2014;15(4):11."},{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR5","first-page":"37","volume":"12","author":"M Dorostghoal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dorostghoal M, Hamid-o-allah Ghaffari FM, Keikhah N. Overexpression of endometrial estrogen receptor-alpha in the window of implantation in women with unexplained infertility. Int J Fertil Steril. 2018;12(1):37\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den360","volume":"24","author":"D Haouzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haouzi D, Mahmoud K, Fourar M, Bendhaou K, Dechaud H, De Vos J, et al. Identification of new biomarkers of human endometrial receptivity in the natural cycle. Hum Reprod. 2008;24(1):198\u2013205.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"428_CR7","first-page":"1115","volume":"76","author":"LC Giudice","year":"1993","unstructured":"Giudice LC, Dsupin BA, Jin IH, Vu TH, Hoffman AR. Differential expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in human uterine endometrium and decidua. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76(5):1115\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"428_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.06.010","volume":"27","author":"SL Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young SL. Oestrogen and progesterone action on endometrium: a translational approach to understanding endometrial receptivity. Reprod BioMed Online. 2013;27(5):497\u2013505.","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1095","volume":"96","author":"BA Lessey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lessey BA. Assessment of endometrial receptivity. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(3):522\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"428_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.017","volume":"357","author":"CR Hagan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagan CR, Daniel AR, Dressing GE, Lange CA. Role of phosphorylation in progesterone receptor signaling and specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;357(1\u20132):43\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"428_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01246-10","volume":"31","author":"CR Hagan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hagan CR, Regan TM, Dressing GE, Lange CA. ck2-dependent phosphorylation of progesterone receptors (PR) on Ser81 regulates PR-B isoform-specific target gene expression in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31(12):2439\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"428_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.01.004","volume":"308","author":"AR Daniel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daniel AR, Knutson TP, Lange CA. Signaling inputs to progesterone receptor gene regulation and promoter selectivity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;308(1\u20132):47\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-010-9510-8","volume":"28","author":"M-T Su","year":"2011","unstructured":"Su M-T, Lee I-W, Chen Y-C, Kuo P-L. Association of progesterone receptor polymorphism with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss in Taiwanese Han population. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011;28(3):239\u201343.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"428_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu056","volume":"21","author":"B Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel B, Elguero S, Thakore S, Dahoud W, Bedaiwy M, Mesiano S. Role of nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms in uterine pathophysiology. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(2):155\u201373.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"23","key":"428_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn274","volume":"17","author":"MR Mansouri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mansouri MR, Schuster J, Badhai J, Stattin E-L, L\u00f6sel R, Wehling M, et al. Alterations in the expression, structure and function of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) in premature ovarian failure. Hum Mol Genet. 2008;17(23):3776\u201383.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"428_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0126","volume":"19","author":"JD Graham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graham JD, Yager ML, Hill HD, Byth K, O\u2019Neill GM, Clarke CL. Altered progesterone receptor isoform expression remodels progestin responsiveness of breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19(11):2713\u201335.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der436","volume":"27","author":"RE Leach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leach RE, Jessmon P, Coutifaris C, Kruger M, Myers ER, Ali-Fehmi R, et al. High throughput, cell type-specific analysis of key proteins in human endometrial biopsies of women from fertile and infertile couples. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(3):814\u201328.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR18","first-page":"184","volume":"29","author":"L Dai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dai L, Shen H, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zuo W, Kan X. Endometrial nuclear progesterone receptors in infertile women. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2000;29(3):184\u20137.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"8","key":"428_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew127","volume":"31","author":"B Wirleitner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wirleitner B, Schuff M, Stecher A, Murtinger M, Vanderzwalmen P. Pregnancy and birth outcomes following fresh or vitrified embryo transfer according to blastocyst morphology and expansion stage, and culturing strategy for delayed development. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(8):1685\u201395.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113497280","volume":"21","author":"T Kajihara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kajihara T, Tanaka K, Oguro T, Tochigi H, Prechapanich J, Uchino S, et al. Androgens modulate the morphological characteristics of human endometrial stromal cells decidualized in vitro. Reprod Sci. 2014;21(3):372\u201380.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"428_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew191","volume":"31","author":"X Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang X, Fu L-J, Liu X-Q, Hu Z-Y, Jiang Y, Gao R-F, et al. nm23 regulates decidualization through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways in mice and humans. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(10):2339\u201351.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"428_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2016.04.009","volume":"3","author":"S Molgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Molgaard S, Ulrichsen M, Olsen D, Glerup S. Detection of phosphorylated Akt and MAPK in cell culture assays. MethodsX. 2016;3:386\u201398.","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.075","volume":"96","author":"M Tavakoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tavakoli M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Salek-Moghaddam A, Rajaei S, Mohammadzadeh A, Sheikhhasani S, et al. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on cytokine production by endometrial cells of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(3):751\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1032","volume":"97","author":"CA Lange","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lange CA, Shen T, Horwitz KB. Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptors at serine-294 by mitogen-activated protein kinase signals their degradation by the 26S proteasome. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000;97(3):1032\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-2-1-62","volume":"2","author":"LL Wei","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wei LL, Krett NL, Francis MD, Gordon DF, Wood WM, O\u2019Malley BW, et al. Multiple human progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acids and their autoregulation by progestin agonists and antagonists in breast Cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1988;2(1):62\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"428_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E376","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2562","volume":"97","author":"JMP Pabona","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pabona JMP, Simmen FA, Nikiforov MA, Zhuang D, Shankar K, Velarde MC, et al. Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 9 and progesterone receptor coregulation of decidualizing endometrial stromal cells: implications for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(3):E376\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"428_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-5-31","volume":"5","author":"A Hayashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayashi A, Tanabe A, Kawabe S, Hayashi M, Yuguchi H, Yamashita Y, et al. Dienogest increases the progesterone receptor isoform B\/a ratio in patients with ovarian endometriosis. J Ovarian Res. 2012;5(1):31.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"428_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48611-5","volume":"43","author":"O Ferit Saracoglu","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ferit Saracoglu O, Aksel S, Yeoman RR, Herbert WR. Endometrial estradiol and progesterone receptors in patients with luteal phase defects and endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1985;43(6):851\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"428_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tawfeek MA, Eid MA, Hasan AM, Mostafa M, El-Serogy HA. Assessment of leukemia inhibitory factor and glycoprotein 130 expression in endometrium and uterine flushing: a possible diagnostic tool for impaired fertility. BMC Womens Health. 2012 [cited 2019 May 20];12(1). Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10"},{"issue":"23","key":"428_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152244","volume":"29","author":"S Petousis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petousis S, Prapas Y, Margioula-Siarkou C, Milias S, Ravanos K, Kalogiannidis I, et al. Expression of progesterone receptors is significantly impaired in the endometrium of infertile women during the implantation window: a prospective observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(23):3912\u20139.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"428_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0437","volume":"22","author":"EJ Faivre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faivre EJ, Daniel AR, Hillard CJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptor rapid signaling mediates serine 345 phosphorylation and tethering to specificity protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol. 2008;22(4):823\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"428_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0378","volume":"17","author":"M Qiu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qiu M, Olsen A, Faivre E, Horwitz KB, Lange CA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates nuclear association of human progesterone receptors. Mol Endocrinol. 2003;17(4):628\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"428_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-08-0281","volume":"16","author":"GE Dressing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dressing GE, Hagan CR, Knutson TP, Daniel AR, Lange CA. Progesterone receptors act as sensors for mitogenic protein kinases in breast cancer models. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009;16(2):351\u201361.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"428_CR34","unstructured":"Diego S. David L. Clemm, Lori Sherman, Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit, William T. Schrader, Nancy L. Weigel, and Dean P. Edwards. 2000;14(1):14."},{"issue":"6","key":"428_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0592","volume":"149","author":"A Gordon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gordon A, Garrido-Gracia JC, Aguilar R, S\u00e1nchez-Criado JE. Understanding the regulation of pituitary progesterone receptor expression and phosphorylation. Reproduction. 2015;149(6):615\u201323.","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"issue":"2","key":"428_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2006.11.009","volume":"72","author":"AR Daniel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daniel AR, Qiu M, Faivre EJ, Ostrander JH, Skildum A, Lange CA. Linkage of progestin and epidermal growth factor signaling: phosphorylation of progesterone receptors mediates transcriptional hypersensitivity and increased ligand-independent breast cancer cell growth. Steroids. 2007;72(2):188\u2013201.","journal-title":"Steroids."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:08:13Z","timestamp":1646438893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00428-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, under IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1397.521 reference number. Written informed consent was obtained from all the individuals prior to participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}