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There was a lower abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and significantly higher proportions of <jats:italic>Streptococcus anginosus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella bivia<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, we uniquely demonstrated that postpartum vaginal secretions were also altered postpartum. There were elevated levels of hyaluronan and Hsp70 and decreased levels of the D- and L-lactic acid isomers. We posit that these variations are consequences of alterations in the vagina after delivery that profoundly alter the host environment and, thus, lead to changes in the capability of different bacterial species to survive and proliferate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00438-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T11:52:56Z","timestamp":1610452376000},"page":"1996-2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome during the Pregnancy to Postpartum Transition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kenetta L.","family":"Nunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Witkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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