{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:49:12Z","timestamp":1792190952614,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004252","name":"Qatar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study  examines the Doi-Alshoumer PCOS clinical phenotype classification in relation to measured clinical and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Two cohorts of women   (Kuwait and Rotterdam) diagnosed with PCOS  (FAI &gt; 4.5%) were examined. These phenotypes were created using neuroendocrine dysfunction (IRMA LH\/FSH ratio &gt; 1 or LH &gt; 6 IU\/L) and menstrual cycle status (oligo\/amenorrhea) to create three phenotypes: (A) neuroendocrine dysfunction and oligo\/amenorrhea, (B) without neuroendocrine dysfunction but with oligo\/amenorrhea, and (C) without neuroendocrine dysfunction and with regular cycles. These phenotypes were compared in terms of hormonal, biochemical, and anthropometric measures. The three suggested phenotypes (A, B, and C) were shown to be sufficiently distinct in terms of hormonal, biochemical, and anthropometric measures. Patients who were classified as phenotype A had neuroendocrine dysfunction, excess LH (and LH\/FSH ratio), irregular cycles, excess A4, infertility, excess T, highest FAI and E2, and excess 17\u03b1OHPG when compared to the other phenotypes. Patients classified as phenotype B had irregular cycles, no neuroendocrine dysfunction, obesity, acanthosis nigricans, and insulin resistance. Lastly, patients classified as phenotype C had regular cycles, acne, hirsutism, excess P4, and the highest P4 to E2 molar ratio. The differences across phenotypes suggested distinct phenotypic expression of this syndrome, and the biochemical and clinical correlates of each phenotype are likely to be useful in the management of women with PCOS. These phenotypic criteria are distinct from criteria used for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T16:01:28Z","timestamp":1684771288000},"page":"3261-3272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical Phenotypes of PCOS: a Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9683-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdalla Moustafa","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa Saad","family":"Al-Kaabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora Mohammed","family":"Al-Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moza Salem","family":"Al-Kuwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa Abdulsamad","family":"Al-Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad Shaher","family":"Al-Shamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Khaled","family":"Alhusban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Ahmed","family":"AlNajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhail A. R.","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218","volume":"31","author":"G Bozdag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, et al. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31:2841\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dew218.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","volume":"19","author":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group","year":"2004","unstructured":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh098.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:456\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1262_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11006-0","volume":"12","author":"K Motlagh Asghari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Motlagh Asghari K, Nejadghaderi SA, Alizadeh M, et al. Burden of polycystic ovary syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990\u20132019. Sci Rep. 2022;12:7039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-11006-0.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1262_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1494","volume":"91","author":"JM Vink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vink JM, Sadrzadeh S, Lambalk CB, Boomsma DI. Heritability of polycystic ovary syndrome in a Dutch twin-family study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2100\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2005-1494.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345319","volume":"28","author":"SAR Doi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doi SAR, Al-Zaid M, Towers PA, et al. Ovarian steroids modulate neuroendocrine dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28:882\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03345319.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1262_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei093","volume":"20","author":"SAR Doi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doi SAR, Al-Zaid M, Towers PA, et al. Irregular cycles and steroid hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dei093.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.06.024","volume":"118","author":"SAR Doi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doi SAR, Towers PA, Scott CJ, Al-Shoumer KAS. PCOS: an ovarian disorder that leads to dysregulation in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;118:4\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.06.024.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1262_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","volume":"37","author":"RL Rosenfield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev. 2016;37:467\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2015-1104.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1262_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2008.796","volume":"6","author":"SAR Doi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doi SAR. Neuroendocrine dysfunction in PCOS: a critique of recent reviews. Clin Med Res. 2008;6:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3121\/cmr.2008.796.","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"key":"1262_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1519-27","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400574111","volume":"111","author":"JM McAllister","year":"2014","unstructured":"McAllister JM, Modi B, Miller BA, et al. Overexpression of a DENND1A isoform produces a polycystic ovary syndrome theca phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111:E1519-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1400574111.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1262_CR12","unstructured":"Johnson T, Kaplan L, Ouyang P, Rizza P. National Institutes of Health Evidence-Based Methodology Workshop on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. NIH EbMW Reports. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 2012;1:1\u201314. Available at: https:\/\/prevention.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-06\/FinalReport.pdf."},{"key":"1262_CR13","unstructured":"Doi S, Al-Shoumer K. Hacia una clasificaci\u00f3n racional del s\u00edndrome de ovarios poliqu\u00edsticos. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Informacion Cientifica. Soc Iberoam Inf Cient SIIC Salud. 2008;16:769\u201373."},{"key":"1262_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2006.05.005","volume":"71","author":"SAR Doi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doi SAR, Al-Zaid M, Towers PA, et al. Steroidogenic alterations and adrenal androgen excess in PCOS. Steroids. 2006;71:751\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2006.05.005.","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"1262_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204748","volume":"13","author":"YHM Krul-Poel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krul-Poel YHM, Koenders PP, Steegers-Theunissen RP, et al. Vitamin D and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a cross-sectional study. PloS One. 2018;13:e0204748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0204748.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"1262_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4377","volume":"82","author":"A Arroyo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arroyo A, Laughlin GA, Morales AJ, Yen SS. Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3728\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4377.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1114","volume":"70","author":"PJ Campbell","year":"1990","unstructured":"Campbell PJ, Gerich JE. Impact of obesity on insulin action in volunteers with normal glucose tolerance: demonstration of a threshold for the adverse effect of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:1114\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1114.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191","volume":"21","author":"JC Levy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy JC, Matthews DR, Hermans MP. Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:2191\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1262_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(99)00468-9","volume":"73","author":"KJ Mather","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mather KJ, Kwan F, Corenblum B. Hyperinsulinemia in polycystic ovary syndrome correlates with increased cardiovascular risk independent of obesity. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:150\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(99)00468-9.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1262_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02528.x","volume":"110","author":"SR Milsom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Milsom SR, Sowter MC, Carter MA, et al. LH levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: have modern assays made them irrelevant? BJOG. 2003;110:760\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02528.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1262_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348715","volume":"15","author":"C Manieri","year":"1992","unstructured":"Manieri C, Pastorino R, Marolda AR, et al. Gonadotropin evaluation in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome using either a monoclonal or a polyclonal antibody radioimmunoassay. J Endocrinol Invest. 1992;15:219\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03348715.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1262_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440","volume":"21","author":"D Ferriman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ferriman D, Gallwey JD. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1961;21:1440\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00168.x","volume":"128","author":"J Derksen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Derksen J, Moolenaar AJ, Van Seters AP, Kock DF. Semiquantitative assessment of hirsutism in Dutch women. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128:259\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00168.x.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1262_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003132","volume":"17","author":"M Dapas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dapas M, Lin FTJ, Nadkarni GN, et al. Distinct subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome with novel genetic associations: an unsupervised, phenotypic clustering analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17:e1003132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003132.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1262_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev010","volume":"30","author":"C-C Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang C-C, Tien Y-J, Chen M-J, et al. Symptom patterns and phenotypic subgrouping of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: association between endocrine characteristics and metabolic aberrations. Hum Reprod. 2015;30:937\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dev010.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14956","volume":"95","author":"RS Legro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF, et al. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:14956\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14956.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1262_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-197804000-00012","volume":"51","author":"M Katz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Katz M, Carr PJ, Cohen BM, Millar RP. Hormonal effects of wedge resection of polycystic ovaries. Obstet Gynecol. 1978;51:437\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006250-197804000-00012.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1262_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.006","volume":"37","author":"IR Indran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Indran IR, Lee BH, Yong E-L. Cellular and animal studies: insights into pathophysiology and therapy of PCOS. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:12\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.006.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1262_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.05.010","volume":"25","author":"LR Baghdadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baghdadi LR, Abu Hashim H, Amer SAK, et al. Impact of obesity on reproductive outcomes after ovarian ablative therapy in PCOS: a collaborative meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012;25:227\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.05.010.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"1262_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.149076","volume":"6","author":"S Mitra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitra S, Nayak PK, Agrawal S. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling: an alternative but not the ultimate in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2015;6:40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-9668.149076.","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"1262_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh343","volume":"19","author":"SAK Amer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amer SAK, Li TC, Ledger WL. Ovulation induction using laparoscopic ovarian drilling in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: predictors of success. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:1719\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh343.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)04848-3","volume":"79","author":"AJ Duleba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duleba AJ, Banaszewska B, Spaczynski RZ, Pawelczyk L. Success of laparoscopic ovarian wedge resection is related to obesity, lipid profile, and insulin levels. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:1008\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)04848-3.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1262_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409006253","volume":"73","author":"H Gj\u00f8nnaess","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gj\u00f8nnaess H. Ovarian electrocautery in the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Factors affecting the results. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994;73:407\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349409006253.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1262_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90268-7","volume":"156","author":"E Greenblatt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Greenblatt E, Casper RF. Endocrine changes after laparoscopic ovarian cautery in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;156:279\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90268-7.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1262_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349609055028","volume":"75","author":"C Fi\u00e7icio\u011flu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fi\u00e7icio\u011flu C, Api M, Ozden S. The number of follicles and ovarian volume in the assessment of response to clomiphene citrate treatment in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996;75:917\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349609055028.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1262_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136606","volume":"2","author":"E Lopez-Lopez","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lopez-Lopez E, Noguera MC, Fuente T, et al. Response to clomiphene citrate in the polycystic ovarian syndrome according to different LH\/FSH ratios. Hum Reprod. 1987;2:635\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136606.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590009167659","volume":"14","author":"M Vicino","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vicino M, Loverro G, Bettocchi S, et al. Predictive value of serum androstenedione basal levels on the choice of gonadotropin or laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery as ovulation induction in clomiphene citrate-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2000;14:42\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09513590009167659.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1262_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac001","volume":"43","author":"M Dapas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dapas M, Dunaif A. Deconstructing a syndrome: genomic insights into PCOS causal mechanisms and classification. Endocr Rev. 2022;43(6):927\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnac001.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1262_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0824fje","volume":"18","author":"B Cariou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cariou B, Capitaine N, Le Marcis V, et al. Increased adipose tissue expression of Grb14 in several models of insulin resistance. FASEB J. 2004;18:965\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.03-0824fje.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1262_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.74.2.1730808","volume":"74","author":"S Judd","year":"1992","unstructured":"Judd S, Terry A, Petrucco M, White G. The source of pulsatile secretion of progesterone during the human follicular phase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.74.2.1730808.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.933","volume":"17","author":"C De Geyter","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Geyter C, De Geyter M, Huber PR, et al. Progesterone serum levels during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle originate from the crosstalk between the ovaries and the adrenal cortex. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:933\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.933.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1262_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030934","volume":"89","author":"G Carbunaru","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carbunaru G, Prasad P, Scoccia B, et al. The hormonal phenotype of nonclassic 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) deficiency in hyperandrogenic females is associated with insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome and is not a variant of inherited HSD3B2 deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:783\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2003-030934.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1262_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","volume":"106","author":"D Lizneva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, et al. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1262_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-013-0145-1","volume":"12","author":"T Kubota","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kubota T. Update in polycystic ovary syndrome: new criteria of diagnosis and treatment in Japan. Reprod Med Biol. 2013;12:71\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12522-013-0145-1.","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"1262_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.355","volume":"293","author":"J Adams","year":"1986","unstructured":"Adams J, Polson DW, Franks S. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293:355\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.355.","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"1262_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00455-5","volume":"71","author":"E Carmina","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carmina E, Lobo RA. Do hyperandrogenic women with normal menses have polycystic ovary syndrome? Fertil Steril. 1999;71:319\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00455-5.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1262_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/s0026-0495(97)90077-9","volume":"46","author":"HF Escobar-Morreale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Escobar-Morreale HF, Serrano-Gotarredona J, Garc\u00eda-Robles R, et al. Mild adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic abnormalities in hirsute women without hyperandrogenemia: does idiopathic hirsutism exist? Metabolism. 1997;46:902\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0026-0495(97)90077-9.","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T21:36:17Z","timestamp":1699911377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-023-01262-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Institution\u2019s Human Research Ethics Committee granted exemption for this study based on the use of de-identified retrospective data (QU-IRB 1752-E\/22).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}