{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:11:55Z","timestamp":1775592715312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003483","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between paternal age and sperm quality in the population level has been previously studied. Only limited data exists regarding the intra-personal variations in semen parameters among fertile and infertile men over time. We aimed to assess trends over time in semen parameters among men with normal and abnormal baseline sperm parameters and investigate potential risk factors for sperm quality deterioration. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university-affiliated medical center in vitro fertilization (IVF) unit. Patients with at least two semen analyses (SA) performed\u2009&gt;\u20091\u00a0year apart, with the last SA done between 2017 and 2021, were included. The study consisted of two main analyses\u2014comparison of intra-patient\u2019s sperm parameters changes in men with normal and abnormal baseline SA (BSA) and analysis of risk factors for developing abnormal semen parameters over time in men who had normal BSA parameters. This study included a total of 902 men assessed for infertility with normal and abnormal BSA. The average time interval between tests was 1015\u00a0days (range 366\u20137709\u00a0days). Among individuals with normal BSA, there was a mild decline in most parameters\u2014concentration (\u2212\u20096.53\u00a0M\/ml), motility (\u2212\u20097.74%), and total motile count (TMC) (\u2212\u200921.80\u00a0M) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all parameters). In contrast, a slight improvement in most parameters, except for concentration, was noted in men with abnormal BSA\u2014volume (+\u20090.21\u00a0ml), motility (+\u20098.72%), and TMC (+\u200914.38\u00a0M) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all parameters). Focusing on men with normal BSA, 33.5% of individuals developed abnormality in one or more of their sperm parameters over time, within a mean time of 1013\u2009\u00b1\u2009661\u00a0days. We also found that only time between tests emerged as an independent prognostic factor for the development of abnormal SA later. Interestingly, sperm deterioration in participants in their third, fourth, and fifth decades of life with normal initial semen analysis was similar. Our study provides evidence of a decline in semen quality over time in individuals with normal BSA, in contrast to men with abnormal BSA. Longer time intervals between tests independently increase the risk of sperm abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-024-01475-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T20:02:01Z","timestamp":1709236921000},"page":"1712-1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in Sperm Parameters with Time in Men with Normal and Abnormal Baseline Semen Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nir","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Ben-Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzuf","family":"Harlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Imbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1848-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilad","family":"Karavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1475_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08341-9","volume":"349","author":"DM de Kretser","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Kretser DM. 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