{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:49:06Z","timestamp":1789159746793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal serological status and fetal sonographic findings of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This is a retrospective study performed at Perinatology Department of Istanbul Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital. A computerized search was conducted to identify cases who underwent prenatal diagnosis of fetal CMV infection between September 2020 and December 2023. We identified nine cases with fetal CMV infection. The clinical data of the patients, gestational age at the time of diagnosis, serological, sonographic findings, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. A computer search of the database was made for the seroprevalance of CMV-IgM and CMV-IgG in our population. The CMV-IgM and IgG results of the 1235 patients who underwent CMV screening in the first trimester between September 2020 and December 2023 were evaluated. Fetal CMV infection was identified in nine patients. None of the 9 cases showed maternal CMV-IgM positivity. Seven of the 9 patients showed high IgG avidity index. Pregnant population had 98 % positivity for CMV-IgG. The evaluation of serologic tests for CMV is not straightforward in the second and third trimester. IgM and IgG avidity should be interpreted with caution in the second and third trimester. In the presence of ultrasound findings suggesting fetal CMV infection and CMV-IgG positivity, invasive diagnostic tests rather than serological test should be discussed with the patient, and non-primary infections should always be considered to minimize overlooked fetal cytomegalovirus infections and missed antiviral treatment opportunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T18:02:40Z","timestamp":1708624960000},"page":"1533-1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fetal Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Absence of Maternal Cytomegalovirus-IgM Seropositivity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Erenel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guray","family":"Tuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verda","family":"Alpay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21991","volume":"56","author":"A Khalil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalil A, Sotiriadis A, Chaoui R, da Silva CF, D'Antonio F, Heath P, et al. ISUOGPractice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in congenital infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;56(1):128\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.21991.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535","volume":"17","author":"A Kenneson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kenneson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Rev Med Virol. 2007;17(4):253\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.535.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"1487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00487-14","volume":"21","author":"HE Prince","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prince HE, Lap\u00e9-Nixon M. Role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG avidity testing in diagnosing primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014;21(10):1377\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00487-14.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-015-0399-9","volume":"204","author":"W Britt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Britt W. Controversies in the natural history of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection: the paradox of infection and disease in offspring of women with immunity prior to pregnancy. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015;204(3):263\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00430-015-0399-9.","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6073","volume":"42","author":"D Fitzpatrick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick D, Holmes NE, Hui L. A systematic review of maternal TORCH serology as a screen for suspected fetal infection. Prenat Diagn. 2022;42(1):87\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.6073.","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn."},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000456615","volume":"42","author":"J Gunkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gunkel J, van der Knoop BJ, Nijman J, de Vries LS, Manten GT, Nikkels PG, et al. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in the absence of maternal cytomegalovirus-IgM antibodies. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017;42(2):144\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000456615.","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1169521","volume":"30","author":"O Picone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Picone O, Grangeot-Keros L, Senat M, Fuchs F, Bouthry E, Ayoubi J, et al. Cytomegalovirus non-primary infection during pregnancy. Can serology help with diagnosis? J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(2):224\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14767058.2016.1169521.","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"1487_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.005","volume":"38","author":"M Leruez-Ville","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leruez-Ville M, Ville Y. Fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38:97\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.005.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol."},{"issue":"12","key":"1487_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1700-0","volume":"31","author":"MG Revello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Revello MG, Vauloup-Fellous C, Grangeot-Keros L, Helden J, Dickstein Y, Lipkin I, et al. Clinical evaluation of new automated cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG assays for the Elecsys\u00ae analyser platform. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31(12):3331\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-012-1700-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1279344","volume":"49","author":"L Puhakka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puhakka L, Renko M, Helminen M, Peltola V, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Lappalainen M, et al. Primary versus non-primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection as a cause of symptomatic congenital infection \u2013 register-based study from Finland. Infect Dis. 2017;49(6):445\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23744235.2017.1279344.","journal-title":"Infect Dis."},{"key":"1487_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2017.09.006","volume":"96","author":"A Giannattasio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giannattasio A, Di Costanzo P, De Matteis A, Milite P, De Martino D, Bucci L, et al. 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Lancet. 2020;396(10253):779\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31868-7.","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T21:11:24Z","timestamp":1716412284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-024-01487-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was reviewed and approved by ethics committee of Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am\u00a0and Sakura City Hospital ethics committee, approval number 2022.03.80.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}