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The most severe type of sperm DNA damage is double-strand break, and it will be repaired by DSBR, including homologous recombination (HR), classical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ), alternative end joining (aEJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). However, the precise mechanisms of DNA repair in spermatozoa remain incompletely understood. DNA repair-associated proteins are of great value in the repair of sperm DNA. Several repair-related proteins have been identified as playing critical roles in condensing chromatin, regulating transcription, repairing DNA damage, and regulating the cell cycle. It is noteworthy that XRCC4-like factor (XLF) and paralog of XRCC4 and XLF (PAXX) -mediated dimerization promote the processing of populated ends for cNHEJ repair, which suggests that XLF and PAXX have potential value in the mechanism of sperm DNA repair. This review summarizes the classic and potential repair mechanisms of sperm DNA damage, aiming to provide a perspective for further research on DNA damage repair mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-024-01714-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T18:01:54Z","timestamp":1727460114000},"page":"41-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Perspective in the Mechanisms for Repairing Sperm DNA Damage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4280-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8229-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5105-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siying","family":"zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5620-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xujun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-112","volume":"12","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, du Plessis SS. 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