{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T02:45:56Z","timestamp":1775529956282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:14:41Z","timestamp":1755184481000},"page":"2864-2876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on Sperm Quality and Pregnancy Rates in Men with Unexplained Infertility: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changmin","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1958_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","volume":"13","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, et al. A unique view on male infertility around the Globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1958_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew123","volume":"31","author":"J Datta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Datta J, Palmer MJ, Tanton C, et al. Prevalence of infertility and help seeking among 15000 women and men. Hum Reprod\u200c. 2016;31:2108\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dew123.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1958_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327117703690","volume":"37","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sengupta P, Borges Jr E, Dutta S, et al. Decline in sperm count in European men during the past 50 years. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2018;37:247\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0960327117703690.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"1958_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12333","volume":"47","author":"EA Nada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nada EA, Taieb E, Ibrahim MA. Efficacy of Tamoxifen and l-carnitine on sperm ultrastructure and seminal oxidative stress in patients with idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Andrologia. 2015;47:801\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12333.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"1958_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2019.10.007","volume":"44","author":"R Garc\u00eda-Baquero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Baquero R, Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1vila CM, \u00c1lvarez-Ossorio JL. Empiric therapy for idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed). 2020;44:281\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acuro.2019.10.007.","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"1958_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_150_18","volume":"12","author":"AT Alahmar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alahmar AT. Role of oxidative stress in male infertility: an updated review. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2019;12:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_150_18.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"1958_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2009.02280","volume":"16","author":"JC Kefer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kefer JC, Agarwal A, Sabanegh E. Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J Urol. 2009;16:449\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2009.02280.","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1","volume":"32","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Virk G, Ong C, et al. Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J Mens Health. 2014;32:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1.","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"1958_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2019.1599624","volume":"17","author":"S Dutta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dutta S, Majzoub A, Agarwal A. Oxidative stress and sperm function: A systematic review on evaluation and management. Arab J Urol. 2019;17:87\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2090598X.2019.1599624.","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69","volume":"14","author":"S Bisht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bisht S, Faiq M, Tolahunase M, et al. Oxidative stress and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14:470\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2020.04175","volume":"48","author":"AT Alahmar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alahmar AT, Calogero AE, Singh R, et al. Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress, and male infertility: A review. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2021;48:97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2020.04175.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"1958_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0323-4","volume":"16","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D. Role of L-carnitine in female infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol: RB&E. 2018;16:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-018-0323-4.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol: RB&E"},{"key":"1958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.008","volume":"16","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Qiu E, Sharma R. Laboratory assessment of oxidative stress in semen. Arab J Urol. 2018;16:77\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.008.","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.119","volume":"91","author":"G Balercia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balercia G, Buldreghini E, Vignini A, et al. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:1785\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.119.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3275\/7572","volume":"34","author":"A Nadjarzadeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nadjarzadeh A, Sadeghi MR, Amirjannati N, et al. Coenzyme Q10 improves seminal oxidative defense but does not affect on semen parameters in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest. 2011;34:224\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3275\/7572.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1958_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.034","volume":"81","author":"A Lenzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lenzi A, Sgro P, Salacone P, et al. A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:1578\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.034.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.055","volume":"85","author":"M Sigman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sigman M, Glass S, Campagnone J, et al. Carnitine for the treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:1409\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.055.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1958_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, et al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:777\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-2385.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1958_CR19","unstructured":"PROSPERO. International prospective register of systematic reviews. University of York. https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD420250653340"},{"key":"1958_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","volume":"64","author":"G Salanti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salanti G, Ades AE, Ioannidis JP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:163\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1958_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. ROB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1958_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v7i3.80","volume":"7","author":"M Moradi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moradi M, Moradi A, Alemi M, et al. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. Urol J. 2010;7:188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/uj.v7i3.80.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"1958_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.03.131","volume":"188","author":"MR Safarinejad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Safarinejad MR, Safarinejad S, Shafiei N, et al. Effects of the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) on semen parameters in men with idiopathic infertility: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2012;188:526\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.03.131.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076654","volume":"8","author":"A Chaimani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaimani A, Higgins JP, Mavridis D, et al. Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:76654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076654.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1958_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12547","volume":"6","author":"A Stenqvist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stenqvist A, Oleszczuk K, Leijonhufvud I, et al. Impact of antioxidant treatment on DNA fragmentation index: a double-blind placebo\u2010controlled randomized trial. Andrology. 2018;6:811\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12547.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1958_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.008","volume":"113","author":"AZ Steiner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steiner AZ, Hansen KR, Barnhart KT, et al. The effect of antioxidants on male factor infertility: the males, antioxidants, and infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 2020;113:552\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.008.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1958_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.028","volume":"110","author":"RM Smits","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smits RM, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Fleischer K, et al. Antioxidants in fertility: impact on male and female reproductive outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2018;110:578\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.028.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1958_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007411.pub4","author":"RM Smits","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smits RM, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Yazdani A, et al. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007411.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1958_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.13263\/j.cnki.nja.2018.12.002","volume":"24","author":"LL Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun LL, Wan XX, Zhang Y, et al. L-carnitine improves sperm Acrosin activity in male infertility patients. Zhonghua Nan Ke xue\u2009=\u2009National J Androl. 2018;24:1064\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13263\/j.cnki.nja.2018.12.002.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"1958_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12062","volume":"46","author":"A Nadjarzadeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nadjarzadeh A, Shidfar F, Amirjannati N, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress of seminal plasma: a double-blind randomised clinical trial. Andrologia. 2014;46:177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12062.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"1958_CR31","first-page":"379","volume":"2","author":"W Olooto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olooto W, Amballi E, Banjo AA. A review of female infertility; important etiological factors and management. J Microbiol Biotech Res. 2012;2:379\u201385. http:\/\/scholarsresearchlibrary.com\/jmbr-vol2-iss3.html.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotech Res"},{"key":"1958_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.1827","volume":"17","author":"SR Tamrakar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamrakar SR, Bastakoti R. Determinants of infertility in couples. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2019;17:85\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33314\/jnhrc.1827.","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"1958_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12333","volume":"5","author":"E Casamonti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casamonti E, Vinci S, Serra E, et al. Short-term FSH treatment and sperm maturation: a prospective study in idiopathic infertile men. Andrology. 2017;5:414\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12333.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1958_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2014.41.3.108","volume":"41","author":"JH Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung JH, Seo JT. Empirical medical therapy in idiopathic male infertility: promise or panacea? Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2014;41:108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2014.41.3.108.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"1958_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurdoglu Z. How can we increase the success of in vitro fertilization?? Crescent J Med Biol Sci. 2020;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/cjmbs.2020.13.","DOI":"10.34172\/cjmbs.2020.13"},{"key":"1958_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.12.729","volume":"14","author":"S Ahmadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmadi S, Ghadiri-Anari BR. Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: an evidence based review. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016;14:729\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/ijrm.14.12.729.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"1958_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12927","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12927","volume":"50","author":"GM Busetto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Busetto GM, Agarwal A, Virmani A, et al. Effect of metabolic and antioxidant supplementation on sperm parameters in oligo-astheno\u2010teratozoospermia, with and without varicocele: A double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled study. Andrologia. 2018;50:12927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12927.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"1958_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.022","volume":"75","author":"MI Omar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omar MI, Pal RP, Kelly BD, et al. Benefits of empiric nutritional and medical therapy for semen parameters and pregnancy and live birth rates in couples with idiopathic infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2019;75:615\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.022.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-81","volume":"11","author":"R Talevi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talevi R, Barbato V, Fiorentino I, et al. Protective effects of in vitro treatment with zinc, d-aspartate and coenzyme q10 on human sperm motility, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013;11:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-11-81.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1958_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02251-3","volume":"199","author":"AT Alahmar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alahmar AT, Sengupta P. Impact of coenzyme Q10 and selenium on seminal fluid parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic infertility. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:1246\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02251-3.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1958_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.03.008","volume":"20","author":"C Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross C, Morriss A, Khairy M, et al. A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010;20:711\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.03.008.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"1958_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.121","volume":"182","author":"MR Safarinejad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Safarinejad MR. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters, sperm function and reproductive hormones in infertile men. J Urol. 2009;182:237\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.121.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1958_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.06.007","volume":"46","author":"JN Hathcock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hathcock JN, Shao A. Risk assessment for carnitine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;46:23\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.06.007.","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"1958_CR44","first-page":"4698","volume":"26","author":"L MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma L, Sun Y. Comparison of L-Carnitine vs. Coq10 and vitamin E for idiopathic male infertility: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26:4698\u2013704.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1958_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2019.00136","volume":"46","author":"AT Alahmar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alahmar AT. The impact of two doses of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2019;46:112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2019.00136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"1958_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.11.034","volume":"161","author":"AP Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma AP, Sharma G, Kumar R. Effect of carnitine, coenzyme Q10 and selenium on pregnancy and semen parameters in couples with idiopathic male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urology. 2022;161:4\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2021.11.034.","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:43:48Z","timestamp":1758123828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01958-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved it for publication. This manuscript has not been published in whole or in part, nor is it being considered for publication elsewhere. The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review and does not involve animal or human experiments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}}]}}