{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:05:53Z","timestamp":1765375553353,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31902158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015335","name":"Modern Agricultural Technology Industry System of Shandong province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SDAIT-08-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-08-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR201807070111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR201807070111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-4-4-zrjj-144-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-4-4-zrjj-144-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019612","name":"Project of Qingdao Leading Talents in Entrepreneurship and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["665\/1119013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665\/1119013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:51:00Z","timestamp":1760619060000},"page":"3640-3660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effect of Soybean Isoflavone (SI) on Testicular Damages Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in Male Mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Haiwei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v25.25862","volume":"25","author":"S Yazdankhah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yazdankhah S, Rudi K, Bernhoft A. Zinc and copper in animal feed - development of resistance and co-resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria of animal origin. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2014;25(1):25862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/mehd.v25.25862.","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"1981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800053674","volume":"77","author":"LJ Broom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Broom LJ, Miller HM, Kerr KG, Toplis P. Removal of both zinc oxide and avilamycin from the post-weaning piglet diet: consequences for performance through to slaughter. Anim Sci. 2003;77:79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1357729800053674.","journal-title":"Anim Sci"},{"key":"1981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12307","volume":"115","author":"K Bratz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bratz K, G\u00f6lz G, Riedel C, Janczyk P, N\u00f6ckler K, Alter T. Inhibitory effect of high-dosage zinc oxide dietary supplementation on Campylobacter coli excretion in weaned piglets. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;115:1194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.12307.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022516-022935","volume":"5","author":"B Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan B, Yin Y. Environmental sustainability analysis and nutritional strategies of animal production in China. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2017;5:171\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-animal-022516-022935.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"key":"1981_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of swine: eleventh revised edition. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/13298.","DOI":"10.17226\/13298"},{"key":"1981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116629530","volume":"35","author":"AK Srivastav","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srivastav AK, Kumar M, Ansari NG, Jain AK, Shankar J, Arjaria N, et al. A comprehensive toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus their bulk in Wistar rats: toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016;35:1286\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0960327116629530.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"1981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.24.1.1579","volume":"24","author":"NR Scott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scott NR. Nanotechnology and animal health. Rev Sci Tech. 2005;24:425\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20506\/rst.24.1.1579.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"1981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S109031","volume":"11","author":"H-Q Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang H-Q, Xu M, Rong Q, Jin R-W, Liu Q-J, Li Y-L. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on liver function in rats. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;11:4275\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S109031.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"1981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.105032","volume":"70","author":"M Saber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saber M, Hayaei-Tehrani R-S, Mokhtari S, Hoorzad P, Esfandiari F. In vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mouse ovarian germ cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021;70:105032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.105032.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"1981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2011.629235","volume":"23","author":"M Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho M, Wu K-Y, Chein H-M, Chen L-C, Cheng T-J. Pulmonary toxicity of inhaled nanoscale and fine zinc oxide particles: mass and surface area as an exposure metric. Inhal Toxicol. 2011;23:947\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08958378.2011.629235.","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"1981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.12.009","volume":"745","author":"V Sharma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma V, Singh P, Pandey AK, Dhawan A. Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse liver after sub-acute oral exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mutat Res. 2012;745:84\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.12.009.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"1981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711420473","volume":"28","author":"S Pasupuleti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pasupuleti S, Alapati S, Ganapathy S, Anumolu G, Pully NR, Prakhya BM. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles through oral route. Toxicol Ind Health. 2012;28:675\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233711420473.","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"1981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12081089","volume":"12","author":"L Patr\u00f3n-Romero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patr\u00f3n-Romero L, Luque-Morales PA, Loera-Casta\u00f1eda V, Lares-Asseff I, Leal-\u00c1vila M\u00c1, Alvelais-Palacios JA, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Crystals. 2022;12:1089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cryst12081089.","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"1981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.09.014","volume":"19","author":"FM Lanzafame","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lanzafame FM, La Vignera S, Vicari E, Calogero AE. Oxidative stress and medical antioxidant treatment in male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009;19:638\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.09.014.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"1981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.182","volume":"13","author":"A Zini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zini A, Al-Hathal N. Antioxidant therapy in male infertility: fact or fiction? Asian J Androl. 2011;13(3):374\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aja.2010.182.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"1981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1453S","volume":"68","author":"KD Setchell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Setchell KD, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Cai J, Heubi JE. Isoflavone content of infant formulas and the metabolic fate of these phytoestrogens in early life. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(6 Suppl):1453S-1461S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1453S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.12.010","volume":"140","author":"AM Mahmoud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahmoud AM, Yang W, Bosland MC. Soy isoflavones and prostate cancer: a review of molecular mechanisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;140:116\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.12.010.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2014.8.6.618","volume":"8","author":"G-A Yoon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoon G-A, Park S. Antioxidant action of soy isoflavones on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in exercised rats. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8:618\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4162\/nrp.2014.8.6.618.","journal-title":"Nutr Res Pract"},{"key":"1981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173399","volume":"885","author":"Z Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu Z, Yang L, Deng S, Liang M. Daidzein ameliorates LPS-induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;885:173399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173399.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.02.005","volume":"269","author":"W Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhang W, Liu J, Sun Y, Li Y, Li H, et al. Metabolomic changes in follicular fluid induced by soy isoflavones administered to rats from weaning until sexual maturity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013;269:280\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2013.02.005.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"1981_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162966","volume":"24","author":"Q Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo Q, Li Y, Huang C, Cheng D, Ma W, Xia Y, et al. Soy isoflavones improve the spermatogenic defects in diet-induced obesity rats through Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Molecules. 2019;24:2966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24162966.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000853","volume":"9","author":"E Rasouli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasouli E, Jahanian R. Improved performance and immunological responses as the result of dietary genistein supplementation of broiler chicks. Anim. 2015;9:1473\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731115000853.","journal-title":"Anim"},{"key":"1981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky036","volume":"96","author":"BN Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith BN, Dilger RN. Immunomodulatory potential of dietary soybean-derived isoflavones and saponins in pigs1. J Anim Sci. 2018;96:1288\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/sky036.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"1981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7767","volume":"93","author":"YJ Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu YJ, Gao KG, Zheng CT, Wu ZJ, Yang XF, Wang L, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with glycitein during late pregnancy and lactation on antioxidative indices and performance of primiparous sows. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:2246\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2014-7767.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"1981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.054","volume":"28","author":"C Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu C, Wu Y, Jiang Z, Zheng C, Wang L, Yang X, et al. Dietary soy isoflavone attenuated growth performance and intestinal barrier functions in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015;28:288\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.054.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.119.3.493","author":"Y Gavrieli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol. 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.119.3.493.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"1981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5","volume":"244","author":"JM McCord","year":"1969","unstructured":"McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem. 1969;244:6049\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95:351\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"1981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3","volume":"26","author":"R Re","year":"1999","unstructured":"Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:1231\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7","volume":"150","author":"PK Smith","year":"1985","unstructured":"Smith PK, Krohn RI, Hermanson GT, Mallia AK, Gartner FH, Provenzano MD, et al. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal Biochem. 1985;150:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"1981_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative c(t) method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:1101\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2008.73.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"1981_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07517","volume":"456","author":"DR Bentley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bentley DR, Balasubramanian S, Swerdlow HP, Smith GP, Milton J, Brown CG, et al. Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry. Nature. 2008;456:53\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07517.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1981_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D754","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1098","volume":"46","author":"DR Zerbino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zerbino DR, Achuthan P, Akanni W, Amode MR, Barrell D, Bhai J, et al. Ensembl 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46:D754\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkx1098.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1981_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","volume":"16","author":"G Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu G, Wang L-G, Han Y, He Q-Y. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16:284\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/omi.2011.0118.","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1981_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S57932","volume":"9","author":"J-S Hong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong J-S, Park M-K, Kim M-S, Lim J-H, Park G-J, Maeng E-H, et al. Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9(Suppl 2):159\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S57932.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine."},{"key":"1981_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiu J. Nanotechnology development in China: challenges and opportunities. Natl Sci Rev. 2016;3(1):148\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nsr\/nww007.","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nww007"},{"key":"1981_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0078-y","volume":"30","author":"AR Talebi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talebi AR, Khorsandi L, Moridian M. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013;30:1203\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-013-0078-y.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"1981_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.02.002","volume":"90","author":"L Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao L, Liu C, Chen X, Yang Z. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce renal toxicity through reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016;90:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2016.02.002.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"1981_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390701882478","volume":"2","author":"J Jiang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jiang J, Oberd\u00f6rster G, Elder A, Gelein R, Mercer P, Biswas P. Does nanoparticle activity depend upon size and crystal phase? Nanotoxicology. 2008;2:33\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435390701882478.","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"1981_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7632","DOI":"10.1021\/jf034427b","volume":"51","author":"D Kostelac","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kostelac D, Rechkemmer G, Briviba K. Phytoestrogens modulate binding response of estrogen receptors alpha and beta to the estrogen response element. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:7632\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf034427b.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1981_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7351509x","volume":"73","author":"NR Adams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adams NR. Detection of the effects of phytoestrogens on sheep and cattle. J Anim Sci. 1995;73:1509\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/1995.7351509x.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"1981_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1333S","volume":"68","author":"KD Setchell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Setchell KD. Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(6 Suppl):1333S-1346S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1333S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1981_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10588","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo02472d","volume":"11","author":"K Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie K, Li Y, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Mao X, et al. Daidzein supplementation enhances embryo survival by improving hormones, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profiles of amniotic fluid in sows. Food Funct. 2020;11:10588\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0fo02472d.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"5","key":"1981_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719168","volume":"20","author":"S Kd","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kd S. Soy isoflavones\u2013benefits and risks from nature\u2019s selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(5):354S-362S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719168.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1981_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1624715","author":"SA Farkhad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farkhad SA, Khazali H. Therapeutic effects of isoflavone-aglycone fraction from soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in rats with estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary syndrome as an inflammatory state. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09513590.2019.1624715.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1981_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04330-1","volume":"203","author":"DH Ahmed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed DH, El-Beih NM, El-Hussieny EA, El-Sayed WM. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced testicular toxicity through inflammation and reducing testosterone and cell viability in adult male rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025;203(4):1934\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-024-04330-1.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1981_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9563","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S223318","volume":"14","author":"Y Tang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang Y, Chen B, Hong W, Chen L, Yao L, Zhao Y, et al. ZnO nanoparticles induced male reproductive toxicity based on the effects on the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:9563\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S223318.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"1981_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21812","volume":"30","author":"MMA Hussein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussein MMA, Ali HA, Saadeldin IM, Ahmed MM. Querectin alleviates zinc oxide nanoreprotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2016;30:489\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.21812.","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"1981_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.08.028","volume":"214","author":"J Gromadzka-Ostrowska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Dziendzikowska K, Lankoff A, Dobrzy\u0144ska M, Instanes C, Brunborg G, et al. Silver nanoparticles effects on epididymal sperm in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2012;214:251\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.08.028.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"1981_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.027","volume":"192","author":"A Ray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ray A, Nath D. Dose dependent intra-testicular accumulation of silver nanoparticles triggers morphometric changes in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells and changes the structural integrity of spermatozoa chromatin. Theriogenology. 2022;192:122\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.027.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1981_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12920","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12920","volume":"50","author":"OA Adebayo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adebayo OA, Akinloye O, Adaramoye OA. Cerium oxide nanoparticle elicits oxidative stress, endocrine imbalance and lowers sperm characteristics in testes of balb\/c mice. Andrologia. 2018;50(3):e12920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12920.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"1981_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2021.2020350","volume":"15","author":"A Kermanizadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kermanizadeh A, Jacobsen NR, Mroczko A, Brown D, Stone V. Acute hazard assessment of silver nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation, oral and intravenous injection exposures. Nanotoxicology. 2021;15:1295\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435390.2021.2020350.","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"1981_CR53","first-page":"355","volume":"11","author":"P Badkoobeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badkoobeh P, Parivar K, Kalantar SM, Hosseini SD, Salabat A. Effect of nano-zinc oxide on doxorubicin- induced oxidative stress and sperm disorders in adult male Wistar rats. Iran J Reprod Med. 2013;11:355\u201364.","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"key":"1981_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2024.2382801","volume":"35","author":"R Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain R, Naz S, Alam S, Ali HM, Ali A, Khan MS, et al. Temporal and dosage impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on grass carp: unveiling oxidative stress, DNA damage, and antioxidant suppression. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2025;35:19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15376516.2024.2382801.","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"key":"1981_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36942","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14542-w","volume":"28","author":"MS Sheteiwy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheteiwy MS, Shaghaleh H, Hamoud YA, Holford P, Shao H, Qi W, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: potential effects on soil properties, crop production, food processing, and food quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28:36942\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14542-w.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"1981_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.956914","volume":"24","author":"S Syama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Syama S, Sreekanth PJ, Varma HK, Mohanan PV. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2014;24:644\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15376516.2014.956914.","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"key":"1981_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800511k","volume":"2","author":"T Xia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xia T, Kovochich M, Liong M, M\u00e4dler L, Gilbert B, Shi H, et al. Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties. ACS Nano. 2008;2:2121\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nn800511k.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1981_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S111447","volume":"11","author":"Z Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han Z, Yan Q, Ge W, Liu Z-G, Gurunathan S, De Felici M, et al. Cytotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles on mouse testicular cells. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;11:5187\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S111447.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"1981_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233718774220","volume":"34","author":"N Bara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bara N, Kaul G. Enhanced steroidogenic and altered antioxidant response by ZnO nanoparticles in mouse testis Leydig cells. Toxicol Ind Health. 2018;34:571\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233718774220.","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"1981_CR60","first-page":"9202","volume":"10","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Chen X, Luo Q, Huang C, Liu W, Chen Z. Effects of soy isoflavones on testosterone synthetase in diet-induced obesity male rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2017;10:9202\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"1981_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1470295","volume":"147","author":"BA Evans","year":"1995","unstructured":"Evans BA, Griffiths K, Morton MS. Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase in genital skin fibroblasts and prostate tissue by dietary lignans and isoflavonoids. J Endocrinol. 1995;147:295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/joe.0.1470295.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1981_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02404-4","volume":"199","author":"T Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu T, Ling C, Hu M, Meng X, Deng Y, An H, et al. Effect of nano-titanium dioxide on blood-testis barrier and MAPK signaling pathway in male mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:2961\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02404-4.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1981_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118542","volume":"263","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li B, Tang M. Research progress of nanoparticle toxicity signaling pathway. Life Sci. 2020;263:118542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118542.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1981_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","volume":"6","author":"X Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK\/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1981_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2870","volume":"96","author":"A Dimberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dimberg A, Nilsson K, Oberg F. Phosphorylation-deficient Stat1 inhibits retinoic acid-induced differentiation and cell cycle arrest in U-937 monoblasts. Blood. 2000;96:2870\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1981_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20316","volume":"94","author":"H Takayanagi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takayanagi H, Kim S, Koga T, Taniguchi T. Stat1-mediated cytoplasmic attenuation in osteoimmunology. J Cell Biochem. 2005;94:232\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.20316.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1981_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290105","volume":"12","author":"W Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu HT. Mapk signal pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation in mammalian cells. Cell Res. 2002;12:9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cr.7290105.","journal-title":"Cell Res"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T13:54:51Z","timestamp":1765374891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-025-01981-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1933-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1933-7205"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We declare none of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}