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We present parturition as an inflammatory event, triggered by stressors affecting the uterine reproductive tissues (myometrium, decidua, and cervix), and involving multiple endocrine and paracrine pathways. These pathways, along with signals from fetal membrane senescence and the vaginal microbiome, contribute to labor induction. Proposed perspectives in parturition research include using mathematical modeling and machine learning (artificial intelligence) to map pregnancy trajectories and identify patient phenotypes associated with preterm birth risk. Additionally, incorporating preterm birth history into routine life course medical surveillance for affected individuals and their offspring is recommended. Finally, increased investment and prioritization from national funding bodies, along with greater support for international collaborations, are essential to identify the causes of preterm birth across multiple populations and develop new, effective treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-026-02108-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:49:05Z","timestamp":1778078945000},"page":"906-927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Pathophysiology of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: Emerging Mechanisms Reviewed by the Preterm Birth International Collaborative"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmeli","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Amabebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Olmos-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8325-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Hamburg-Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egle Bytautiene","family":"Prewit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6084-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana","family":"Shynlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deena L.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3981-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Mesiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00878-4","volume":"402","author":"EO Ohuma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ohuma EO, Moller AB, Bradley E, Chakwera S, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Lewin A, et al. 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