{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:53:46Z","timestamp":1783018426171,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82120108011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82120108011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research and Innovation Plan","award":["2021-01-07-00-07-E00144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-01-07-00-07-E00144"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:58:47Z","timestamp":1777924727000},"page":"1110-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Emerging Role of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) in Pregnancy-Related Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingran","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2170-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2287628","volume":"27","author":"TS Mikkola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mikkola TS, Ylikorkala O. Pregnancy-associated risk factors for future cardiovascular disease \u2013 early prevention strategies warranted. Climacteric. 2024;27(1):41\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13697137.2023.2287628.","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"10","key":"2111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105455","volume":"25","author":"A Svigkou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Svigkou A, Katsi V, Kordalis VG, Tsioufis K. The molecular basis of the augmented cardiovascular risk in offspring of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Mol Sci. 2024;25(10):5455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25105455.","journal-title":"J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ohuma EO, Moller AB, Bradley E, Chakwera S, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Lewin A, Okwaraji YB, Mahanani WR, Johansson EW, Lavin T, Fernandez DE, Dom\u00ednguez GG, de Costa A, Cresswell JA, Krasevec J, Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Requejo J, Moran AC. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: A systematic analysis. Lancet (London, England). 2023;402(10409). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4"},{"issue":"17","key":"2111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9536","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179536","volume":"25","author":"F Ramzan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramzan F, Rong J, Roberts CT, O\u2019Sullivan JM, Perry JK, Taylor R, McCowan L, Vickers MH. Maternal plasma miRNAs as early biomarkers of moderate-to-late-preterm birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(17):9536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25179536.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"2111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7117a1","volume":"71","author":"ND Ford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ford ND, Cox S, Ko JY, Ouyang L, Romero L, Colarusso T, Ferre CD, Kroelinger CD, Hayes DK, Barfield WD. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and mortality at delivery hospitalization \u2014 United States, 2017\u20132019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(17):585\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7117a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"26","key":"2111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E897","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.231547","volume":"196","author":"S Van den Dzakpasu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dzakpasu S, Nelson C, Darling EK, Edwards W, Murphy PA, Scott H, Van den Hof M, Ray JG. Trends in rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and associated morbidities in canada: A population-based study (2012\u20132021). Can Med Assoc J. 2024;196(26):E897\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.231547.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.cjog.1001155","volume":"7","author":"O Emmanuel Ifeanyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emmanuel Ifeanyi O. Antioxidants and pregnancy complications: Exploring therapeutic strategies for better outcomes. Clin J Obstet Gynecol. 2024;7(1):001\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/journal.cjog.1001155.","journal-title":"Clin J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Firmal P, Shah VK, Chattopadhyay S. Insight into TLR4-mediated immunomodulation in normal pregnancy and related disorders. Front Immunol. 2020;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00807.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00807"},{"key":"2111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phoswa WN, Khaliq OP. The role of oxidative stress in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension) and metabolic disorder of pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus). Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5581570.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5581570"},{"key":"2111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prasad J, Van Steenwinckel J, Gunn AJ, Bennet L, Korzeniewski SJ, Gressens P, Dean JM. Chronic inflammation offers hints about viable therapeutic targets for preeclampsia and potentially related offspring sequelae. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(23), 12999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252312999.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312999"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-22-0278","volume":"166","author":"Z Sultana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sultana Z, Qiao Y, Maiti K, Smith R. Involvement of oxidative stress in placental dysfunction, the pathophysiology of fetal death and pregnancy disorders. Reproduction. 2023;166(2):R25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-22-0278.","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"18","key":"2111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6825","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186825","volume":"21","author":"JA Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang JA, Jeon YJ. Emerging roles of USP18: From biology to pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186825.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20190095","volume":"64","author":"IC Da Costa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Da Costa IC, Schmidt CK. Ubiquitin-like proteins in the DNA damage response: The next generation. Essays Biochem. 2020;64(5):737\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/ebc20190095.","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"2111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waqas SF, Sohail A, Nguyen AHH, Usman A, Ludwig T, Wegner A, Malik MNH, Schuchardt S, Geffers R, Winterhoff M, Merkert S, Martin U, Olmer R, Lachmann N, Pessler F. ISG15 deficiency features a complex cellular phenotype that responds to treatment with itaconate and derivatives. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ctm2.931.","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.931"},{"issue":"29","key":"2111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27356","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502814200","volume":"280","author":"J Narasimhan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Narasimhan J, Wang M, Fu Z, Klein JM, Haas AL, Kim J-J. P. Crystal structure of the interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(29):27356\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M502814200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"2111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004714002910","volume":"70","author":"A Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer A, Kuhn M, Schindelin H. Structure of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme loaded with two ubiquitin molecules. Acta Crystallogr D. 2014;70(Pt 5):1311\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/S1399004714002910.","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43711-3","volume":"14","author":"I von Wallace","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wallace I, Baek K, Prabu JR, Vollrath R, von Gronau S, Schulman BA, Swatek K. N. Insights into the ISG15 transfer cascade by the UBE1L activating enzyme. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):7970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-43711-3.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4786","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39780-z","volume":"14","author":"M Afsar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afsar M, Liu G, Jia L, Ruben EA, Nayak D, Sayyad Z, Bury PDS, Cano KE, Nayak A, Zhao XR, Shukla A, Sung P, Wasmuth EV, Gack MU, Olsen SK. Cryo-EM structures of Uba7 reveal the molecular basis for ISG15 activation and E1-E2 thioester transfer. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):4786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39780-z.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1056303","volume":"17","author":"OA Malakhova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malakhova OA, Yan M, Malakhov MP, Yuan Y, Ritchie KJ, Kim KI, et al. Protein ISGylation modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Genes Dev. 2003;17(4):455\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.1056303.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li YJ. Study on the role and mechanism of ISG15\/USP18 signaling pathway in hepatitis B virus tolerance to interferon [D]. Peking Union Medical College; 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7666\/d.Y3277622","DOI":"10.7666\/d.Y3277622"},{"issue":"7","key":"2111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202300042","volume":"45","author":"CP Wardlaw","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wardlaw CP, Petrini JHJ. ISG15: a link between innate immune signaling, DNA replication, and genome stability. Bioessays. 2023;45(7):e2300042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.202300042.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI177375","volume":"135","author":"W Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei W, Gao X, Qian J, Li L, Zhao C, Xu L, et al. Beclin 1 prevents ISG15-mediated cytokine storms to secure fetal hematopoiesis and survival. J Clin Invest. 2025;135(3):e177375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI177375.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.10.003","volume":"68","author":"CD Swaim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swaim CD, Scott AF, Canadeo LA, Huibregtse JM. Extracellular ISG15 signals cytokine secretion through the LFA-1 integrin receptor. Mol Cell. 2017;68(3):581-590.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.10.003.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2018.12.027","volume":"618","author":"CD Swaim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swaim CD, Canadeo LA, Huibregtse JM. Approaches for investigating the extracellular signaling function of ISG15. Methods Enzymol. 2019;618:211\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.mie.2018.12.027.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594775","volume":"11","author":"R-H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen R-H, Xiao Z-W, Yan X-Q, Han P, Liang F-Y, Wang J-Y, et al. Tumor cell-secreted ISG15 promotes tumor cell migration and immune suppression by inducing the macrophage M2-like phenotype. Front Immunol. 2020;11:594775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594775.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901410","volume":"204","author":"V Iglesias-Guimarais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iglesias-Guimarais V, Ahrends T, de Vries E, Knobeloch K-P, Volkov A, Borst J. IFN-stimulated gene 15 is an alarmin that boosts the CTL response via an innate, NK cell-dependent route. J Immunol. 2020;204(8):2110\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1901410.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05705-w","volume":"82","author":"MS Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali MS, Tang YS, Lee HHY, Baker SC, Mok CKP. ISG-15, beyond its functions in the cell: a mini review. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2025;82(1):289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-025-05705-w.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02604-5","volume":"18","author":"DA Carrillo-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carrillo-V\u00e1zquez DA, Jard\u00f3n-Valadez E, Torres-Ruiz J, Ju\u00e1rez-Vega G, Maravillas-Montero JL, Meza-S\u00e1nchez DE, et al. Conformational changes in myeloperoxidase induced by ubiquitin and NETs containing free ISG15 from systemic lupus erythematosus patients promote a pro-inflammatory cytokine response in CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-020-02604-5.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010921","volume":"18","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Li C, He W, Chen J, Yang G, Chen L, et al. Free ISG15 inhibits pseudorabies virus infection by positively regulating type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog. 2022;18(10):e1010921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010921.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.898088","volume":"10","author":"A Ozmen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozmen A, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Tabak S, Guo X, Semerci N, Nwabuobi C, et al. Preeclampsia is associated with reduced ISG15 levels impairing extravillous trophoblast invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:898088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.898088.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00482-w","volume":"28","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang R, Wang M, Huang W, Liu C, Fang Z, et al. RNA sequencing of decidua reveals differentially expressed genes in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Sci. 2021;28(8):2261\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-021-00482-w.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8196","volume":"8","author":"L Pi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pi L, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Wang X, Wang J, Xu J, et al. DNA methylation profiling in recurrent miscarriage. PeerJ. 2020;8:e8196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.8196.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.11158","volume":"25","author":"H-R Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu H-R, Yang L, Gu Y, Shi Y, Yang S-H, Gan J, et al. Identification of potential hub genes associated with recurrent miscarriage through combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Biomol Biomed. 2025;25(6):1259\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bb.2024.11158.","journal-title":"Biomol Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3290-9","volume":"290","author":"A Schanz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schanz A, Baston-B\u00fcst DM, Heiss C, Beyer IM, Kr\u00fcssel JS, Hess AP. Interferon stimulated gene 15 expression at the human embryo-maternal interface. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;290(4):783\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-014-3290-9.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang T-Y, Wang L-K, Kuo Y-H, Chen C-Y, Pai T-W, Chen C-P. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 polymorphisms are associated with spontaneous preterm birth in Taiwanese women. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2023;90(6):e13790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13790.","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13790"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-11896-0","volume":"26","author":"Q Lan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lan Q, Liufu S, Xu X, Chen B, Chen W, Wang K, Liu C, Xiao L, Liu X, Yi L, Liu J, Deng Q, Ma H, Kang M. Multi-omics insights into functional alterations of the liver in growth-retarded offspring: Transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolomic profiles. BMC Genomics. 2025;26(1):724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-025-11896-0.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen X, Xu X, Chen J, Zhang H, Zheng W, Yu W, Hu X, Cao B. ADAR1 as a placental innate immune rheostat sustaining the homeostatic balance of intrinsic interferon response at the maternal-fetal interface. Adv Sci. 2025;e05491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202505491.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505491"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13055","volume":"38","author":"R Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee R, Brandt JS, Joseph KS, Ananth CV. Pregnancy-associated mortality due to cardiovascular disease: impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2024;38(3):204\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.13055.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1097\/jjh.0000000000003472","volume":"41","author":"F Piani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piani F, Agnoletti D, Baracchi A, Scarduelli S, Verde C, Tossetta G, et al. Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and risk of preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Hypertens. 2023;41(8):1333\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jjh.0000000000003472.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-015-0135-5","author":"E Seyom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seyom E, Abera M, Tesfaye M, Fentahun N. Maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy related hypertension in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. J Ovarian Res. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-015-0135-5.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Un Nisa S, Shaikh AA, Kumar R. Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in a tertiary care hospital in Sukkur, Pakistan. Cureus. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.5507.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5507"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211857","volume":"14","author":"I Behrens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behrens I, Basit S, Lykke JA, Ranthe MF, Wohlfahrt J, Bundgaard H, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and peripartum cardiomyopathy: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211857.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126815","volume":"10","author":"MI March","year":"2015","unstructured":"March MI, Geahchan C, Wenger J, Raghuraman N, Berg A, Haddow H, et al. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of adverse outcomes among Haitian women with preeclampsia. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0126815.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5041\/rmmj.10464","volume":"13","author":"R Sathiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sathiya R, Rajendran J, Sumathi S. COVID-19 and preeclampsia: overlapping features in pregnancy. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2022;13(1):e0007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5041\/rmmj.10464.","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med J"},{"key":"2111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang X, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Novel cuproptosis-related prognostic gene profiles in preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-023-06215-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06215-y"},{"key":"2111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117082","volume":"177","author":"D Guan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guan D, Sun W, Gao M, Chen Z, Ma X. Immunologic insights in recurrent spontaneous abortion: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;177:117082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117082.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-4187-6_11","volume":"1300","author":"X La","year":"2021","unstructured":"La X, Wang W, Zhang M, Liang L. Definition and multiple factors of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1300:231\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-33-4187-6_11.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20175259","volume":"6","author":"S Jamal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamal S, Srivastava R. A retrospective analytical study of the epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6(12):5453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20175259.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9877-9","volume":"29","author":"C Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu C, Urquia M, Cnattingius S, Hjern A. Migration and preterm birth in war refugees: a Swedish cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(2):141\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-013-9877-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e678","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz399","volume":"185","author":"KL Weis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weis KL, Walker KC, Chan W, Yuan TT, Lederman RP. Risk of preterm birth and newborn low birthweight in military women with increased pregnancy-specific anxiety. Mil Med. 2019;185(5\u20136):e678\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz399.","journal-title":"Mil Med"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:46:14Z","timestamp":1783014374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02111-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This review did not involve any human or animal subjects; therefore, IACUC (or IRB) approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}