{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:51:51Z","timestamp":1792533111474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:51:21Z","timestamp":1782931881000},"page":"1418-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome like Nanovesicles on Granulosa Cell Function in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Involvement of FOXO3, Map1lc3b, SF-1 Genes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9441-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khorram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0951-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Azarnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Niknejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041454","volume":"12","author":"S Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh S, Pal N, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Verma V, Marotta F, Kumar M. Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, current management, and future therapeutics. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4):1454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041454.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2144_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01621-6","volume":"18","author":"P Su","year":"2025","unstructured":"Su P, Chen C, Sun Y. Physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome in endocrinology, metabolism and inflammation. J Ovarian Res. 2025;18:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01621-6.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","volume":"97","author":"BC Fauser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, Lobo R, Carmina E, Chang J, Yildiz BO, Laven JS, Boivin J. Consensus on women\u2019s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(1):28\u2013e3825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"2144_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex022","volume":"32","author":"LG Cooney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cooney LG, Lee I, Sammel MD, Dokras A. High prevalence of moderate and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(5):1075\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dex022.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357737","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2357737","volume":"56","author":"NA Sta\u0144czak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sta\u0144czak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzi\u0144ska E. The latest reports and treatment methods on polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Med. 2024;56(1):2357737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2024.2357737.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2144_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00189","volume":"11","author":"BV Reddy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reddy BV, Sahu RP. Epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00189.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2144_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094121","volume":"26","author":"N Akpang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akpang N, Kwiatkowski J, Zaborowska L, Ludwin A. Autoantibodies targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: emerging key players in pathogenesis? Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(9):4121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26094121.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2144_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13093","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13093","volume":"34","author":"CR McCartney","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCartney CR, Campbell RE, Marshall JC, Moenter SM. The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol. 2022;34(5):e13093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.13093.","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2144_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meomic.2023.100029","volume":"10","author":"SA Adelakun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adelakun SA, Babatunde O, Chidi Chinazo C, Arowosegbe OA, Obanijesu Adisa D Histomorphological and histomorphometric evaluation of the therapeutic role of sulforaphane on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in polycystic ovary syndrome rats via its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Med Omics. 2024;10:100029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meomic.2023.100029.","journal-title":"Med Omics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.21-00081","volume":"55","author":"AA Morsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morsi AA, Mersal A, Razik E, Farrag H, Abdelmoneim M, Abdelmenem A, Salim AM. M. Histomorphological changes in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome and the contribution of stevia leaf extract in modulating the ovarian fibrosis, VEGF, and TGF-\u03b2 immunoexpressions: comparison with metformin. Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2022;55(1):9\u201323. Epub 2022 Jan 27. Erratum in: Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2023 Dec 28;56(6):153. doi: 10.1267\/ahc.21-00081E https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1267\/ahc.21-00081","journal-title":"Acta Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"17","key":"2144_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12172189","volume":"12","author":"YR Tsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsai YR, Liao YN, Kang HY. Current advances in cellular approaches for pathophysiology and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Cells. 2023;12(17):2189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12172189.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00698-0","volume":"13","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q, Liu F, Yan Z, et al. Autophagy-related gene MAP1LC3B is associated with granulosa cell function in PCOS. J Ovarian Res. 2020;13(1):96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-020-00698-0.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00728-5","volume":"19","author":"Q Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Q, Chen W, Zhang X, et al. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome granulosa cells. Reproductive Biology Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-021-00728-5.","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2024.030","volume":"47","author":"C Ee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ee C, Tay CT. Pharmacological management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Aust Prescr. 2024;47(4):109\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18773\/austprescr.2024.030.","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041500","volume":"12","author":"Y Che","year":"2023","unstructured":"Che Y, Yu J, Li YS, Zhu YC, Tao T. Polycystic ovary syndrome: challenges and possible solutions. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4):1500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041500.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01753-3","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Li L, Gao Q, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote ovarian function recovery in premature ovarian insufficiency. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-020-01753-3.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00840-z","volume":"19","author":"Q Sang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sang Q, Zhang X, Ding L, et al. Exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate granulosa cell apoptosis and improve ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome rats. Reproductive Biology Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-021-00840-z.","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02900-4","volume":"13","author":"J Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin J, Song M, Sun Y, et al. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on insulin resistance in PCOS. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02900-4.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01659-7","volume":"11","author":"X Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu X, Deng X, Chen H, et al. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate ovarian function in rats with PCOS via PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-020-01659-7.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1378-1","volume":"10","author":"L Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao L, Chen Q, Wang Y, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes improve the microenvironment of the polycystic ovary by promoting granulosa cell proliferation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1378-1.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2144_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5929","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29556","volume":"235","author":"Y Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang Y, Wu X, Liu G, et al. Exosome-mediated communication regulates ovarian follicular development. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(7\u20138):5929\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.29556.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1342-3","volume":"10","author":"H Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao H, Shang Q, Pan Z, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate granulosa cell apoptosis in PCOS by regulating the PI3K\/AKT pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1342-3.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2144_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061104","volume":"59","author":"D Rakic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rakic D, Joksimovic Jovic J, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic V, Nikolic M, Sretenovic J, Nikolic M, Jovic N, Ilic B, Arsenijevic M, Dimitrijevic P, Vulovic A, Ristic T, Bulatovic N, Bolevich K, Stijak SL, Pantovic S. High fat diet exaggerate metabolic and reproductive PCOS features by promoting oxidative stress: an improved EV model in rats. Medicina. 2023;59(6):1104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59061104.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.15296\/ijwhr.2016.04","volume":"4","author":"L Amini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amini L, Tehranian N, Movahedin M, Tehrani R. F., et al. Polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in estradiol valerate treated mouse model. Int J Women\u2019s Health Reprod Sci. 2016;4(1):13\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Women\u2019s Health Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2144_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70062","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202401346R","volume":"38","author":"Y-Q Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang Y-Q, Zhang H-K, Wei Q-Q, Li Y-H. Brown adipose tissue-derived exosomes improve polycystic ovary syndrome in mice via STAT3\/GPX4 signaling pathway. FASEB J. 2024;38:e70062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202401346R.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2144_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ara\u00f1a M, Mazo M, Aranda P, Pelacho B, Prosper F. (2013). Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation, expansion, and characterization. In: Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1036. Springer; 2013. p. 47\u201361 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-62703-511-8_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-511-8_4"},{"issue":"2","key":"2144_CR27","first-page":"127","volume":"1","author":"M Karimi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karimi M, Anvari M, Mohammadi M, Hajizadeh-Tafti F, Aflatoonian B. Exosomes extracted from human embryonic stem cells derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells support treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in animal model. Regenerative Biomed. 2025;1(2):127\u201334.","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697021","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2019.1697021","volume":"9","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Cubero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cubero E, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez A, et al. Isolation and characterization of exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9(1):1697021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20013078.2019.1697021.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"3","key":"2144_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0040-4","volume":"20","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H, et al. Identification of distinct nanoparticles and subsets of extracellular vesicles by asymmetric flow field\u2013flow fractionation. Nat Cell Biol. 2018;20(3):332\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2144_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2023.100788","volume":"23","author":"F Davoodi Asl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davoodi Asl F, Sahraei SS, Kalhor N, Fazaeli H, et al. Promising effects of exosomes from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on endometriosis. Reprod Biol. 2023;23:100788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repbio.2023.100788.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2144_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3390\/biology1406059","volume":"14","author":"XA Escalona","year":"2025","unstructured":"Escalona XA, Ayala RS, Cortez K, S\u00e1nchez SF, Tom\u00e9 Dehesa T, D\u00edaz-Hern\u00e1ndez V, Larqu\u00e9 C, Escalona R. Comparative analysis of letrozole and estradiol valerate PCOS models: reproductive and metabolic outcomes with and without high-fat diet. Biology. 2025;14:592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology1406059.","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"2144_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16057","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.57","volume":"2","author":"R Azziz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, Dunaif A, Laven JSE, Legro RS, Lizneva D. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Reviews Disease Primers. 2016;2:16057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.57.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"2144_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8693","volume":"17","author":"H Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang F. Downregulation of FOXO3 contributes to granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(5):6877\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2018.8693.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10274-z","volume":"18","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Wang Y, Song Y, Chen L. Exosome-mediated FOXO3 restoration promotes ovarian follicle survival in PCOS models. Stem Cell Reviews Rep. 2022;18(1):250\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-021-10274-z.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2144_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00825","volume":"160","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Horie M, Saito H. SF-1 expression restoration by stem cell-derived exosomes enhances steroidogenesis in PCOS ovaries. Endocrinology. 2019;160(2):522\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2018-00825.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2144_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1501259","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen Q, Shi X. Autophagy regulation via MAP1LC3B modulation by AD-MSCS-exosomes in polycystic ovary syndrome. Autophagy. 2019;15(3):473\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2018.1501259.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"18","key":"2144_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03887-w","volume":"78","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Deng T, Liu R, Bai M, Zhou L, Wang X, Li J. Exosomal miRNAs regulate PI3K\/AKT, AMPK\/mTOR, and FOXO pathways in granulosa cells of PCOS. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021;78(18):6737\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-021-03887-w.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935485","volume":"74","author":"YH Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen YH, Peng S, Zhu T, Shen MJ. Mechanisms of granulosa cell programmed cell death and follicular atresia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Physiol Res. 2025;74(1):31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.935485.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00638-3","volume":"18","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q, Yan L. Estrous cyclicity restoration in PCOS mice by AD-MSCS-derived exosome therapy: hormonal and cytological evidences. Reproductive Biology Endocrinol. 2020;18(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00638-3.","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology Endocrinol"},{"key":"2144_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205901","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1205901","volume":"14","author":"X Pu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pu X, Zhang L, Zhang P, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Dai Z, Zhou H, Zhao S, Fan A. Human UC-MSCS-derived exosomes facilitate ovarian renovation in rats with chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1205901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1205901","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0857-1","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen Y, Wei L. Intra-peritoneal vs intravenous delivery of MSCS-exosomes: impact on ovarian bioavailability and therapeutic outcome in PCOS. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-018-0857-1.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2144_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111160","volume":"134","author":"J Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao J, Li X, Gao L, Wang H. Dose-response analysis of adipose MSCS-exosomes for ovarian function recovery in PCOS mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;134:111160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111160.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"11","key":"2144_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03123-z","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang X, Li L, Chen J. MSCS-exosomes modulate granulosa autophagy and immune response via Nrf2\/GPX4 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathways in PCOS. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(11):1020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-020-03123-z.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2144_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682690","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.682690","volume":"9","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Therapeutic effects of MSCS-derived exosomes on angiogenesis and follicular development through SMAD3\/AKT\/P53 signaling in PCOS models. Front Cell Dev Biology. 2021;9:682690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.682690.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0574-2","volume":"12","author":"Y Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhang X, Sun L, Li M. Exosome-mediated modulation of immune microenvironment in PCOS: impact on folliculogenesis and inflammation. J Ovarian Res. 2019;12(1):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-019-0574-2.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02814-1","volume":"13","author":"Y Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Zhou J, Huang X. Exosome therapy vs MSCS transplantation for ovarian dysfunction: efficacy, safety, and translational potential. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02814-1.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2144_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02800-7","volume":"13","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Wu Y, Han X, Xu C, Liu J. Optimizing dosing protocols for MSCS-exosome therapy in ovarian dysfunction: balancing efficacy and safety. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02800-7.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn009","volume":"14","author":"S Franks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franks S, Stark J, Hardy K. Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14(4):367\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmn009.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41264","volume":"120","author":"JS Richards","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richards JS, Pangas SA. The ovary: Basic biology and clinical implications. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(4):963\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI41264.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2144_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-016-9672-2","volume":"12","author":"I Virant-Klun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Virant-Klun I, Stimpfel M. Ovarian stem cells and their potential roles in ovarian physiology. Stem Cell Reviews Rep. 2016;12(5):437\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-016-9672-2.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2144_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2669","volume":"18","author":"YAR White","year":"2012","unstructured":"White YAR, Woods DC, Takai Y, Ishihara O, Seki H, Tilly JL. Oogonial stem cells in adult mammalian ovaries. Nat Med. 2012;18(3):413\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2669.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2144_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10193-1","author":"D Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Bhartiya D. Stem cells in adult mice ovaries form germ cell nests, undergo meiosis, neo-oogenesis and follicle assembly on regular basis during estrus cycle. Stem Cell Reviews Rep. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-021-10193-1.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2144_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-022-10414-z","volume":"18","author":"D Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma D, Bhartiya D. Dysfunctional ovarian stem cells due to neonatal endocrine disruption result in PCOS and ovarian insufficiency in adult mice. Stem Cell Reviews Rep. 2022;18(8):2912\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-022-10414-z.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews Rep"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:09:34Z","timestamp":1785514174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-026-02144-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Yes.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}