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RSB receives royalties from K2M\/Stryker; consulting fees from K2M Stryker, Mirus; grants to institution from DePuy Synthes, Medtronic, Globus, K2M Stryker, Nuvasive. DLB receives royalties from DePuy, Progenerative Medical; consulting fees from DePuy Spine; Board member International Spine Study Group, Scoliosis Research Society; Research Support to institution from DePuy Spine, Bioventus. Pfizer, Progenerative Medical. LYC receives consulting fees National Spine Health Foundation; member, Editorial Advisory Board, Spine Deformity, The Spine Journal and Spine; member University of Louisville IRB. Institution received research funds from OREF, NIH, ISSG, SRS, TSRH, Pfizer, Lifesciences Corporation, IntelliRod, Cerapedics, Medtronic, Empirical Spine and NeuroPoint Alliance. SDG receives royalties from Medtronic, Spinger; consulting Fees Medtronic K2m\/Stryker; Institution received research funds from OREF, NIH, ISSG, SRS, TSRH, Pfizer, Lifesciences Corporation, IntelliRod, Cerapedics, Medtronic, Empirical Spine and NeuroPoint Alliance. VL receives royalties from Nuvasive; has stock ownership from Nemaris; consulting fees from Globus, Speakers Bureau for Permanente Medical Group, DePuy Synthes Spine, AO Spine, K2M, Implanet. BL receives consulting fees International Spine Study Group. PGP receives consulting fees from Medicrea, Spine Wave, Speaker\u2019s fees from Zimmer, Globus, Research support to institution from Cervical Spine Research. CIS receives royalties from Medtronic, Nuvasive, Zimmer\/Biomet; has Stock ownership NuVasive, receives consulting fees from Medtronic, SI Bone; Board member Scoliosis Research Society, Anerican Association of Neurological Surgeons; grant to institution from the Deparment of Defense. JSS receives royalties from Zimmer Biomet, Nuvasive; has Stock ownership Alphatec; receives consulting fees from Zimmer Biomet; Nuvasive, Cerapedics, Allosource; research grant to institution DePuy Synthes\/ISSG; Fellowship support to institution NREF, AO Spine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. This study was reviewed by the University of Louisville Institutional Review Board and determined to be Not Human Subjects Research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}