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Passias has received financial or research support from Allosource, Cervical Scoliosis Research Society, and the International Spine Study Group (ISSG), consulting fees from Globus Medical, Medtronic, Royal Biologics SpineWave, Terumo, and Zimmer, and is on the editorial board for Spine and Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. Dr. Justin S. Smith is a paid consultant for Carlsmed, Cerapedics, DePuy, Nuvasive, Stryker, and Zimmer, receives research support from DePuy, Nuvasive, Thieme and the ISSG, royalties from Thieme and Nuvasive, stock from Alphatec, and is a board member for Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Neurosurgery, ISSG, Operative Neurosurgery, the Scoliosis Research Society, and Spine Deformity. Renaud Lafage receives research support from the ISSG and stock from Nemaris. Virginie Lafage is a paid consultant for Globus Medical, DePuy, and the Permanente Medical Group, receives research support from the ISSG, royalties from Nuvasive, and is a board member for European Spine Journal, the Scoliosis Research Society, and the ISSG. Breton G. Line is a paid consultant and receives research support from the ISSG. Robert K. Eastlack is a paid consultant for Carevature, Aesculap\/B.Braun, Baxter, Biedermann-Motech, Medtronic, Nuvasive, Radius, Seaspine, SI Bone, and Stryker, receives research support from Nuvasive and the ISSG, royalties from Globus Medical, Seaspine, SI Bone and Nuvasive, stock from Alphatec, Spine Innovations, Seaspine, Nuvasive, Invuity, Nocimed and Carevature, and is a board member for San Diego Spine Foundation, the Scoliosis Research Society, Society of Lateral Access Surgery, and the ISSG. Douglas C. Burton is a paid consultant for DePuy, receives research support from Bioventus, DePuy, Pfizer and the ISSG, royalties from DePuy, stock from Progenerative Medical, and is a board member for the Scoliosis Research Society, Spine Deformity, and the ISSG. Robert A. Hart is a paid consultant for DePuy, Globus Medical, Medtronic, and Orthofix, receives research support from the ISSG, stock from Spine Connect, and is a board member for the Scoliosis Research Society, Western Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Association, Cervical Spine Research Society, ISSLS Textbook of the Lumbar Spine, North American Spine Society, and the ISSG. Shay Bess is a paid consultant for Allosource, DePuy, K2 Medical, and Stryker, receives research support from Allosource, Biomet, DePuy, Globus Medical, EOS, K2 Medical, Medtronic, Nuvasive, Orthofix, and the ISSG, royalties from Nuvasive and K2 Medical, and is a board member for the Scoliosis Research Society, North American Spine Society, and the ISSG. Christopher I. Shaffrey is a paid consultant for DePuy, Medtronic, Nuvasive, and Proprio, receives research support from DePuy, Globus Medical, Medtronic, Nuvasive, and the ISSG, royalties from Medtronic, SI Bone, and Nuvasive, stock from Nuvasive, and is a board member for the Scoliosis Research Society, Spine, Spine Deformity, Cervical Spine Research Society, AANS, Neurosurgery, and the ISSG. Christopher P. Ames is a paid consultant for DePuy, K2 Medical, Medicrea, Medtronic, receives research support from DePuy, Titan Spine, Scoliosis Research Society, and the ISSG, royalties from DePuy, Medicrea, Next Orthosurgical and Stryker, stock from Nuvasive, and is a board member for the Scoliosis Research Society, Global Spine Analytics, Operative Neurosurgery, and the ISSG. Remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Each institution obtained approval from their local Institutional Review Board, in which this study was deemed exempt due to the de-identified nature of the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical review committee statement"}}]}}