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Dr. Warner: unpaid consultant for Sofamor Danek and publishing royalties from Saunders\/Mosby-Elsevier and Wolters Kluwer Health; Dr. Sawyer: board\/committee member for Children\u2019s Spine Foundation and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, paid presenter for DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company, publishing royalties from Elsevier, and paid consultant for Orthopaediatrics; Dr. Spence: publishing royalties from Elsevier, research support from Orthopaediatrics, and board member for Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America; Dr. Kelly: publishing royalties from Elsevier and board\/committee member for Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the institutional review board of University of Tennessee Health Science Center (approval number 11-01362-XP).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}