{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T20:54:22Z","timestamp":1775336062948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects the appearance of spine and trunk. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) assesses the perception of appearance in AIS patients. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the recommended short version of the SAQ into Dutch and to test its measurement properties.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A Dutch SAQ (14-item; appearance and expectations domains) was developed following guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation. The COSMIN Study Design checklist was used for measurement properties evaluation. In this multicenter study, the Dutch SAQ, SRS-22R and NPRS (back pain) were administered to 113 AIS patients (aged 15.4\u00a0years [SD 2.2], 21.2% male). Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated for content analysis. For reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha) and test\u2013retest reliability (ICC; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934) were evaluated. Predefined hypotheses of relationships with other questionnaires and between subgroups based on scoliosis severity (radiological and clinical) were tested for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the validity of the underlying structure of this 14-item questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No floor and ceiling effects were found for domains and total scores. Cronbach\u2019s alpha ranged from 0.84 to 0.89. ICCs varied from 0.76 to 0.77. For construct validity, 89% (8\/9) of the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Significant higher scores for the appearance domain were found for subgroups based on radiological (Cobb angle;\u2009&gt;\u200925.0\u00b0) and clinical outcomes. (Angle of Trunk Rotation;\u2009&gt;\u20099.0\u00b0). A two-factor structure was found (EV 5.13; 36.63% explained variance).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Dutch SAQ is an adequate, valid and reliable instrument to evaluate patients\u2019 perception of appearance in AIS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Level I\u2014diagnostic studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00746-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1691686894000},"page":"79-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Dutch version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: patient-based cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5020-6174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dineke G.","family":"van de Fliert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom P. 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Tom P. C. Schl\u00f6sser: none related to this study. Diederik H. R. Kempen: none related to this study. Joost P. H. J. Rutges: none related to this study. Pepijn Bisseling: none related to this study. Marinus de Kleuver: received a grant from ZonMw. Miranda L. van Hooff: received a grant from ZonMw.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the institution\u2019s internal investigational review board. Exemption for ethical approval was obtained by the medical ethical committee of the Radboud University Medical Center (file number: 2021\u201313280).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval (IRB)"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and\/or their parents or caregivers.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}